Kubva mumagazini Nhamba 4 2015
Category: Dunhu
Territory yedunhu: 55,3 zviuru zvemakiromita2.
Vagari: 618703 vanhu, avo vanopfuura 70% vagari vemuguta.
Nzvimbo: Dunhu iri riri kuchamhembe-kumadokero kwechikamu cheEurope chenyika, chikamu cheNorth-Western Federal District.
Mamiriro ekunze temperate continental, pedyo negungwa. Inoratidzwa nekunyorova kwakanyanyisa, kutonhora, zvitubu zvenguva refu, kutonhora kwezhizha, kudziya, matsutso marefu, uye nguva yechando isina kusimba. Munguva yechando, dunhu rinosangana nemamiriro ekunze ane makore uye kunogara kuchinaya. Muzhizha rinowanzonaya, kazhinji kwenguva pfupi (mazuva 12-17 nemvura inonaya pamwedzi). Mumatsutso, mamiriro ekunze ane makore anokunda nemhute kwenguva refu (mazuva gumi nemaviri-12 pamwedzi), kunaya kwemvura kunyanya nenzira yekunaya kwenguva refu kwemvura, muna Mbudzi kazhinji nenzira yekunaya.
Avhareji yekushisa kwemhepo pagore ndeye +4,9°C. Hunyoro hwepamusoro-soro hwemhepo hunoonekwa munguva yechando-yechando, inosvika pakakwirira ye88% munaNovember-December. Avhareji yezuva rekupedzisira chando muchirimo ndiMay 18, chando chekutanga mumatsutso ndiGunyana 18. Avhareji yenguva yechando-isina chando mazuva 143.
Munguva yekukura (mazuva 175), 400-430 mm yemvura inodonha (60% yegore negore). Zhizha (nguva ine tembiricha iri pamusoro +10°C) inotora mazuva zana nemakumi mana. Chifukidziro chechando chakatsiga chinogadzwa pakati paZvita (zuva rekutanga ndiNovember 140) uye rinoramba riripo kwemazuva 11-110.
Rusununguko. Kumadokero kwenharaunda kune yakakura flat flat Priilmenskaya lowland, kureba kwayo isingapfuuri 60-70 m pamusoro pegungwa. Kumabvazuva kune Valdai Upland ine kukwirira kwega kwega nehupamhi hurefu hunosvika mamita 300. Zvose zvikamu izvi zvakakamurwa kuva nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzine mafomu maduku ekuyamura. Izvi zvinonyanya kutaurwa mukati meValdai Upland.
Ivhu. Nharaunda inotongwa nevhu re soddy-podzolic, rinowanzozara mvura kune madhigirii akasiyana. Mamiriro avo akasiyana ndeako kudiki kwenzvimbo inorimika, yakakwira acidity, yakaderera yezvinovaka muviri uye yakaderera humus.
Nzvimbo yekurima: 10,8 zviuru mahekita.
Nharaunda yeNovgorod ndeimwe yevatungamiriri mukugadzira mbatatisi muNorthwestern Federal District. Kubudirira kwenzvimbo iyi kunofambiswa nevhu rakakwana uye mamiriro ekunze uye kuswedera kune misika huru yekutengesa. Kurima mbatatisi kunoonekwa segwara rinopa mari zvakanyanya muindasitiri yekugadzira zvirimwa. Profitability inotangira pa25 kusvika 45%. Zvakasikwa kuti mavhoriyamu ekugadzirwa kwembatatisi dzekutengesa ari kukura gore rega rega. Ngatiyeukei kuti muna 2000, matani 160-180 chete e "chingwa chechipiri" akakura munharaunda yeNovgorod. Muna 2015, varimi vezvekurima mudunhu iri vakagadzira anopfuura zviuru mazana matatu nemakumi matatu ezviuru zvematani embatatisi, iri 368% kupfuura mhedzisiro yegore rapfuura (kusanganisira goho rakakura mumasangano ezvekurima rakawedzera ne20%, mumapurazi evarimi - ne87%). Saka, kune mumwe nemumwe mugari wedunhu reNovgorod gore rino kune 85 kg yembatatisi, uye yakajairika iri 595 kg.
Kazhinji, kugadzirwa kwembatatisi kwakawedzera ka1,7 mumakore mashanu apfuura.
Kuti budiriro yekurima ibudirire uye kuwedzera kugadzikana kwemari yevarimi vekurima, rutsigiro rwehurumende runodikanwa. Matanho erutsigiro rwakadaro anopiwa mukati mehurongwa hweHurumende chirongwa chedunhu reNovgorod "Kuvandudzwa kweagro-industrial complex yedunhu reNovgorod ye2014-2020" uye chirongwa chedhipatimendi "Kuvandudza kukura kwembatatisi uye kusikwa kwezvinhu (logistics). wholesale uye kugovera) nzvimbo dzekuchengetedza, pre-kutengesa kugadzirira uye kutengesa mbatatisi, miriwo nemichero mudunhu reNovgorod ye2014-2016. " Sechikamu chezvirongwa izvi, varimi vekurima mudunhu vanowana rubatsiro rwekutenga nekugadzira mhodzi dzembatatisi, kutenga michina yekuchengetedza, kugadzirira kutengeswa kwembatatisi, miriwo nemichero.
Mbeu iri kukura
Kubudirira kwekukura kwembatatisi hakugoneki pasina mhodzi yemhando yepamusoro. Mapurazi mashanu anogadzira mbeu mbatatisi akagadzirwa mudunhu iri. Mazuva ano, mabhizinesi ari kushingaira kukura. Gore rino, nzvimbo iri pasi pekudyara mbatatisi yakawedzera ne8% (zvichienzaniswa ne2014 level).
Zvakarongwa kuti mapurazi aya achaburitsa zvinodarika zviuru zvisere zvematani embeu dzembatatisi dzakazodzwa.
Nhanho inotevera mukugadzirwa kwembeu yembatatisi ichave yekugadzirwa kwerabhoritari yekugadzira mhodzi dzembatatisi pasina hutachiona.
Infrastructure
Nekuchengetedza, kugadzirira kusati kwatengeswa uye kutengesa mbatatisi, nzvimbo nhatu dzekutakura dzakavakwa mudunhu (mbiri muNovgorod uye imwe mumatunhu eBorovichi), iyo inogona kubata anosvika zviuru makumi mana neshanu matani embatatisi. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvikwanise kupa vagari vedunhu zvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro gore rose, kupa mbatatisi nyowani kuzvitoro zvine cheni uye kuvatengesa kunze kwedunhu, izvo zvine mhedzisiro yakanaka pamari yevagadziri.
Pakupera kwegore rino, nzvimbo itsva dzekuchengetera mbatatisi dzine huwandu hwekuchengetera huwandu hwematani zviuru zvishanu zvichaiswa mudunhu. Muna 5,1, zvakarongwa kuvaka mamwe maviri ekuchengetedza mbatatisi mumatunhu eSoletsky neShimsky ane huwandu hwekuchengetedza huwandu hwematani zviuru makumi matatu. Nekudaro, zvinodikanwa zvinodiwa zvinogadzirwa mudunhu kuti zviwedzere kugadzirwa kwembatatisi.
Frames
Zvitatu zvechipiri zvedzidzo zvekurima zvekurima uye Institute of Agriculture uye Natural Resources zviri kushanda zvinobudirira munharaunda yeNovgorod. Vanopa nharaunda yacho vashandi vanokwanisa. Gore rega rega, aya masangano edzidzo anopa madhipuroma kune vangangoita 400 nyanzvi dzesekondari dzidzo yehunyanzvi uye makumi mashanu. - dzidzo yepamusorosoro yehunyanzvi, vazhinji vakapedza kudzidza vanoenderera mberi nemabasa avo ehunyanzvi mukutungamira mabhizinesi ekurima mudunhu.
Mbatata mapurazi
Mapurazi evarimi aIvan Geletey naSergei Yakovlev vanobva mudunhu reBorovichi vanoratidza zvibereko zvakanaka nguva dzose; Anatoly Lipatov, Denis Pavlyuk, Ivan Pireev kubva munharaunda yeNovgorod. Goho mavari rinosvika 500 c/ha. Mwero yakakwira yekurima mbatatisi inowanikwawo gore rega rega pamapurazi eVladimir Kondranin, Arbi Kadyrov kubva mudunhu reShimsky, uye Nikolai Kolesnikov kubva mudunhu reSoletsky. Kukohwa mumabhizinesi aya kunogadziriswa pamwero we250-280 c/ha.
Zvirongwa zvitsva zvekugadzira mbatatisi paminda ichangoburwa zviri kuitwawo mudunhu iri. Mudunhu reVolotovsky, Novgorod Potato System LLC yakadyara mahekita zana emapatata gore rino, goho raive 100 c/ha. Gore rinouya kambani iyi inoronga kuwedzera nzvimbo yayo yekudyara kusvika mahekita mazana matatu. Mudunhu reSoletsky, Bristol LLC yakadyara mahekita mazana mana nemakumi matanhatu embatatisi, goho raive 300 c/ha. Pane zvirongwa zvekuwedzera nzvimbo kusvika 300 hectares. Kana yasvika padanho rekugadzira, huwandu hwekugadzira mbatatisi huchave 460 zviuru matani.
Matarisiro
Chinangwa chikuru chedunhu mumunda wekurima ndechekuwana kupihwa kwakazara kwevagari nezvigadzirwa zvekudya zvinogadzirwa pavhu reNovgorod. Panyaya iyi, chikamu chembatatisi chinogona kushanda semuenzaniso kune vamwe. Dunhu racho rakatove rakazvimiririra zvakakwana mumatatisi, kunyangwe, hongu, mhedzisiro yakawanikwa haisi iyo muganhu wezvinogoneka.
Dunhu iri rine zvikumbiro zvenzvimbo dzekudyara mari dzekusimudzira nzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana, dzimwe dzatove kudiwa nekuda kwemamiriro akanaka ekudyara akaitwa mudunhu iri. Zvese izvi zvichabatsira mukuwedzera kukura mukurima. Gore rinouya tinoronga kugadzira zviuru mazana mana ematani embatatisi uye tine chivimbo chekuti basa iri nderechokwadi uye rinogadziriswa zvizere.
Vapepeti vanoda kutenda Dhipatimendi rekurima uye chikafu cheNovgorod Region nekugadzirira zvinyorwa.