Kubva mumagazini: Nha. 4 2016
Category: History
Wakambofunga here nezvekuti teknolojia yezvekurima iri kukurumidza kuchinja sei? Zvese zvatinopa pamapeji emagazini sezvigadzirwa zvitsva zvinotsiviwa nemamodheru epamberi mumakore mashoma, zvobva zvapera zvachose munhoroondo.
Nhasi tine mukana wekuona kuti mienzaniso yakanakisa yemichina yekurima yaitaridzika sei ingangoita zana ramakore nehafu rapfuura, nekuvhura mapeji ebhuku nemukurumbira wesainzi wekuRussia uye agronomist Valerian Vasilyevich Chernyaev "Zvishandiso zvekurima nemichina. Dhizaini, kusarudzwa uye kuvatarisira. " Bhuku racho rakabudiswa muna 1875.
Bhuku rinotaurira nenzira inosvikika pamusoro pekugadzirwa kwemichina uye zvishandiso, mitemo yekuvatarisira, uye mamiriro ekusarudza. Uye kana michina pachayo, yakagadzirwa nematanda nesimbi yakakandwa, yakasiyana zvikuru neyemazuva ano, saka mamwe mazano akanyorwa sokunge akanyorwa nhasi (tsamba dzekare chete dzinotiyeuchidza kuti izvi hazvisizvo).
Nezvekusingaperi
“Ndiratidze gejo rako kana kuti motokari yako, uye ini ndichakuudza kuti uri tenzi worudzii,” chinodaro chirevo cheGermany. Kangani muchina usingashande nekuti muridzi wacho haazive kuuisa nemazvo! Kangani michina inoputsika kana kupera nguva isati yakwana nekuda kwekusangana nekuiswa kwakashata.
Haufanire kutenga muchina nekuda kwekuti unoshanda zvinobudirira kune mamwe mapurazi kana kubva kune muvakidzani. Paunenge uchitenga muchina, unofanira kutanga wafunga nezvemamiriro enzvimbo, akadai se: zvimiro zvevhu, kunaka kwechingwa, huwandu hwebasa rinofanira kuitwa nemuchina, kudhura kwevashandi, uye pundutso. yemutengo wepurazi.
Paunenge uchitenga mota, muridzi wemota haafanire kusvetuka pakutenga masipari. Iko hakuna uye haigone kuve michina isingaenderane nekuputsika. Kuva nezvikamu muzvitoro, muridzi anogara akadzivirirwa kubva pakumisa basa.
Tinogara tichinzwa zvichemo zvekuti muchina wakaodha wanonoka, semuenzaniso, mbesa yakagamuchirwa kuti ikohwewe, kana kuti muchina wokukohwa watambirwa. Izvi dzimwe nguva zvinoitika nokuti muridzi akanonoka neodha yake, uye chitoro chemotokari, asingadi kupotsa kurongeka, akachigamuchira achitarisira kuti motokari yaizosvika ichibva kunze nenguva.
Technique
Kubooresa mbeu
Kuti udzore mucheki, unoda: mukomana kana musikana ari kutungamira mabhiza, mushandi anodzora kumberi, uye wechipiri mushandi anotarisisa kushanda kwemuchina, ndiko kuti, kufambira mberi kwembeu, kuyerera kwezviyo, uye machira.
Murimi wembatatisi naJames Cultas
Iine bhokisi riri pamavhiri maviri anomhanya, rine michina kumashure yekukandira mbatatisi mumiforo.
Kohlman uye Morton mbatatisi digger
Iine furemu yesimbi yakasimba ine mavhiri maviri kumberi uye mibato miviri kumashure. Chikomo chinosungirirwa pafuremu kuseri kwemavhiri. Kuseri kwechikomo kune vhiri rimwe rakakura-dhayamita, kune rimu iro zvigunwe zvesimbi zvakasungirirwa zvinofamba, zvichigadzira kona yakashata nemucheto werimu.
Panguva yekushanda, mavhiri epamberi anosimuka, ipapo muchina, waenda pakadzika kusvika pakadzika kudiwa, unosimudza uye unoshandura ivhu uye mbatatisi tubers kumativi ose ane hiller, uye ipapo marara anotevera anoita seanovatora ivo pachavo; Machubhu anotenderedzwa kunze achishandisa vhiri rinotenderera.
Chambers system yekuparadzira fetiraiza muchina
Inosanganisira bhokisi umo mineral fertilizer inodururwa. Pazasi pebhokisi pane grid inofambiswa inozunza fetereza. Kubva muchikamu ichi, fetereza inotorwa nemudziyo wekuburitsa. Fetereza inopinda muspread board yobva yawaridzwa mumunda.
Howard's scooter
Zvikomborero zvegadziriro iyi zvinomiririrwa kunyanya muhuwandu hudiki hwevashandi uye mukushandiswa kwe scooter, iyo inoshanda kutakura zvinhu zvegejo remhepo kubva kumunda kuenda kune imwe nzvimbo.
Mashoko mashoma pamusoro pekubudirira kwevashandi
Iri bhuku rine yakawanda chaiyo inoshanda data, uye pakati pemitsetse zviri nyore kuverenga nezve mamiriro umo ruzhinji rwevagari veRussia varimi vairarama uye nemutengo upi wakakohwa.
Kusimudza munda
Negejo rebhiza rimwe chete, nemushandi mumwechete, rine furo yakadzika 2 ½ - 3 uye yakafara 4-5 vershok (10-12 miforo pafathom), unogona kusimudza kubva pa 1/3 kusvika 2/5 ye dessiatine.
Gejo remabhiza maviri, rine mushandi mumwechete, rine furrow yakadzika 6-7 inches (7-8 furrows per fathom) pavhu: rinorema - kubva 2/5 kusvika ½ dessiatine; pakati uye chiedza - kubva ½ kusvika 2/5.
Kubereka kwegejo kana mhembwe zvishoma kudarika kwebhiza rimwe chete.
Murimi anorima anogona kurima zvakapetwa kaviri pane gejo. Asi uchada: vatyairi vaviri nezvitokisi zviviri, murimi nevabatsiri vaviri, vashandi vaviri vekutakura mvura, maviri ekupa mafuta, maviri ekugadzirisa patsva mabhuroko anotsigira; kubva chete 10 kusvika ku14 vashandi. Kushandiswa kwemafuta kunosvika makirogiramu makumi maviri emarasha pachegumi.
Fetereza ichipararira
Mumwe mushandi anogona kuparadzira zvachose mupfudze yakaora kubva 15 kusvika 20 steam-hwindo ngoro, kwete zvachose yakaora (mashanga) manyowa - kubva 12 kusvika 14 ngoro, uye manyowa matsva - kusvika 10 ngoro. Mumwe mushandi anogona kuparadzira mineral fertilizer kubva pa7 ½ kusvika 8 quarters. Nemuchina wemhepo-hwindo, ine 6 mapaundi ehupamhi, mushandi mumwe uye mukomana mumwe, 3 ½ kusvika 4 dessiatines akapararira.
Landing
Mukadzi mumwe chete anogona kudyara ¼ yedessiatine nembatatisi (pasi pegejo), inenge 1/8 yedessiatine (300 square fathoms) nembeu dzebeet, uye inenge 230 square metres nemadzinde ekabichi. fathoms.
Kuchera
Kuchera mbatatisi pane imwe dessiatine kunoda kubva ku40 kusvika ku45 vanhu; yekukohwa beet (kuchera, kuchekerera uye kuputsa) - kubva pamakumi matatu kusvika makumi matatu nemashanu vanhu.
Mumwe mukadzi, mushure mekuchera mbatatisi negejo kana chimwe chishandiso, anogona kusarudza mbatatisi yepakati nepakati, negoho rakanaka - kubva pa3 kusvika ku4 makota, neavhareji goho - kubva pa2 kusvika ku3, negoho rakashata - kubva pa1 ½. kusvika 2 quarter.
Nembatatisi digger, nemabhiza akati wandei, mushandi mumwe, 12-15 vakadzi, unogona kuchera machubhu pa2/3-1 dessiatine; mbatatisi digger yemudziyo wakaoma, nemushandi mumwe, mukomana, nhamba imwechete yevakadzi nemabhiza mana, pa4-1 ½ dessiatinas.
Ndinoshamisika kuti vazukuru vedu vachaongorora sei kubudirira kweinjiniya yezvekurima yemazuva ano mushure mezana ramakore nehafu?
Vanyori vanoda kuonga injiniya mukuru weAgrotrade Company, Sergei Ariskin, nokuda kwemukana wekubata nhoroondo uye kubatsira mukugadzirira zvinyorwa.