Kubva mumagazini: Nhamba 4 2016
Category: Nyanzvi kubvunza
Yu.A. Masyuk, O.V. Abashkin, L. Ya. Kostina, Yu.P. Boyko, G.V. Grigoriev,
O.A. Starovoitova, D. V. Abrosimov, E. V. Oves, O.A. Aleksyutina, All-Russian Research Institute of Potato Kurima
Vanhu vakawanda vangave vakaona tupukanana tuduku, tusina kusimba tichibhururuka kubva panzvimbo kuenda kune imwe nzvimbo tiine maziso endarama akadanwa, anopenya, ayo akagamuchira zita rechiRussia rokuti “lacewings.” Machira echikuru anowanzo kubhururuka achipinda mudzimba, kukambaira pagirazi kana kugara pamadziro. Zvipembenene izvi ndezvehurongwa Neuroptera (Neuroptera), mhuri ye lacewings = Chrysopidae.
Anenge 6000 marudzi e lacewings akatsanangurwa mumhuka dzenyika. Zvipembenene zvevakuru (imago) zvinosvika kubva pa6 kusvika 180 mm pakureba. Meso avo akaoma kunzwisisa, akagadzirwa zvakanaka, uye anokwezva kutarisa nehukuru hwawo hwakakura uye kupenya kwesimbi. Muromo we lacewings ndewerudzi runoruma. Mapapiro anowanzo kuve akajeka, asi mune mamwe marudzi ekumaodzanyemba anoonekwa. Pamapapiro kune akawanda marefu uye akachinjika mitsipa, achigadzira chimiro chechimiro muchimiro che mesh, saka zita rechiRussian - reticularis. Mumarudzi akawanda, mapapiro eshure akaenzana pakureba kumapapiro epamberi, dzimwe nguva mapfupi kupfuura mapapiro epamberi, muzviitiko izvi akafukidzwa nemucheka mutsvuku. Mhando idzi dzine tsinga shoma uye muviri mudiki. The lacewing inosanganisirawo ane mukurumbira pasi rose uye anenge pasi rose tumbuyu Antlion (Myrmeleon formicarius L.), iyo ine shaya dzakasimba. Antlion magonye anochera funnels mujecha rakasununguka kana ivhu uye kudya kune zvipembenene zvinopinda mazviri, kunyanya masvosve (saka zita). Kune makonye e lacewing anogara mumvura uye anofema kuburikidza nemagill. Ikoko vanovhima tupembenene tuduku nehonye dzavo.
Anoramba achipeta mapapiro awo ane pearlescent kana iridescent nenzira yakafanana nedenga. Kune mhando dzakajeka dzeyero, dzegirini uye dzakashava.
Lacewings injodzi kumhando dzakawanda dzezvipembenene mumapindu emiriwo, minda, minda yemichero uye masango. Zvipembenene izvi zvinonyanya kubata hove, hove huru dzinotakura hosha dzembatatisi, uye dandemutande, izvo zvinokonzeresa kukuvadzwa kukuru kwezvirimwa zvebindu. Mukuwedzera, vanodya mazai uye mapere achangoberekwa ezvipembenene zvakawanda, kusanganisira Colorado potato beetle. Vanodyawo makonye achangobva kuzvarwa emarudzi madiki uye makuru emashavishavi, kusanganisira mafuro nemamoths echibage; nhunzi uye zvipembenene zvichangobva kuumbwa zvisati zvakura mushure mekunyunguduka, herbivorous bugs, sawflies nemathrips. Mapeji akura anowedzera kudya nekita nemukume, zvinomera zvinotumbuka
Lacewings yaive imwe yekutanga kuberekeswa yakawanda kudzivirira zvirimwa zvegreenhouse kubva kune zvipembenene, kunyanya kubva kumaaphid. Nzira dzekubereka kwavo kuwanda murabhoritari uye mamiriro eindasitiri dzakagadzirwa. Pakuberekesa, zvisikwa zveparera lacewing = Chrysopus pearl marudzi akashandiswa. (Chrysopa perla Steph.), Chinese lacewing = Chrysopa sinica Tj, Beautiful lacewing = Taiwanese lacewing = Chrysopa formosa Br, Common lacewing = Chrysopa vulgaris = Chrysopa carnea Steph. = Chrysopa vulgaria Schn .) uye Lacewing seven-spottedi Chrysopa = Chrysopa vulgaris. (Chrysopa septempunctata Wesm.).
Zvipembenene zvakura zvinoregedzerwa mumagreenhouse neminda kurwisa hove nezvimwe zvipembenene zvidiki.
Ruzhinji rwemhando dzelacewing dzinogara munzvimbo dzinopisa. Munyika yedu, vanonyanya kuzivikanwa vamiririri vemhuri Chrysopidae ine chete genus Chrysopidae - inenge 10 marudzi ose. Aya madiki akanaka (kureba kwemuviri kubva pa6 kusvika ku25 mm, mapapiro kubva pa19 kusvika ku50 mm) zvipembenene zvinobhururuka zvine simba rekubhururuka.
Vanogona kuwanikwa kwese kwese. Dzinoshingaira zvikuru panguva yorubvunzavaeni uye usiku, dzichibhururuka dzakananga kuchiedza. Mazai echikadzi anoisa oval, mazai egirinhi akareruka, anowanikwa ari ega kana mumapoka akareba (kurebesa kupfuura mvere dzechirimwa dzechisikigo) matete ane silky madzinde, kazhinji pazasi pemashizha, kunyanya munzvimbo dzinopararira hove, uko mapere anotanga kuvhima pakarepo. mushure mekucheka (kwete kuti irege kuvhiringidzwa nemazai eaphid, asingagari pamatanda, asi akarara pedyo nechepasi peshizha). Madzimai anorarama kwemwedzi miviri uye anokandira mazai anosvika mazana masere rimwe nerimwe. Makonye akarebesa fusiform ane shaya refu dzakaita sejeko. Pamusana pezvipembenene zvemarudzi akawanda kune chimiro chinosanganisira mitsetse yakasviba uye mavara. Mune mamwe marudzi, musana wakafukidzwa nenhovo yakasununguka yakagadzirwa kubva pamatehwe ezvipembenene zvavakadya kana kubva kune zvidimbu zvemashizha akaoma, bark yemiti uye mamwe madhaka emiti. Makonye anokura ari muzvikamu zvitatu, mushure mezvo anomera pachena pamiti, pasi pemakwati emiti, kana muzvikamu zvevhu. Lacewings anoenda kuchando panguva yeprepupa mune silky, denderedzwa, dense, sirivheri-chena kana chiedza grey makokoni. Dzimwe nguva zvipembenene zvevanhu vakuru overwinter.
Rudzi rwemhando dzema lacewings akasiyana muhukuru, ruvara rwemapapiro uye tsinga dzawo, pubescence yemapapiro, uye pateni mumusoro nemuviri. Kune zvipenyu zvakaoma-kusiyanisa zvinogona kungoonekwa nekudzidza biology yadzo, maitiro, nzvimbo dzinodiwa dzezvakatipoteredza uye huwandu hwemhuka dzavanodya.
Aya anotevera marudzi e lacewings anowanikwa mune yedu latitudes:
Kupfupisa lacewing = Chrysopa pfupiso Curt. Pane nzvimbo ine rima mukati meantennae. Pamusana pemusoro pane ronda dema. Individual cross-tsinga dzemapapiro dzakasviba.
Altai lacewing = Chrysopa altaica Holz. Iyo sutures ye thorax uye zvikamu zvekutanga zvedumbu zvakasviba uye zvinomira zvakatarisana nekumashure kwemuviri. Pane rima pazasi pemakumbo emberi. Muchimiro chinosiyana zvishoma kubva kuLacewing commata. Makonye anodya. Tupembenene twevakuru tunodya nekita nemukume (chikafu chekuwedzera) uye zvinotakura mukume, kunyanya zvikara. Prepupae overwinter in soft cocoons.
Lacewing astarte = Chrysopa astarta Holz. Pane mavara matsvuku matema mumusoro. Antennae parutivi rwekorona ine tsvuku tsvuku. Mitsipa yemapapiro yakasviba pamwe chete nemicheto.
Lacewing Valkyrie = Chrysopa walker McL. Yakagoverwa kwese kwese, kunze kwekuFar North, Far East neCentral Asian republic. Iwo machinjiro-tsinga akasviba chete kumacheto, mamwe acho akasvibira.
Lacewing viridana = Chrysopa viridana Schn. Inoparadzirwa munzvimbo ye steppe yeRussia uye mumarepublic eCentral Asia. Pamusoro pane mavara ari muchimiro chebrownish longitudinal stripes.
lacewing gummels = Chrysopa hummei Tjed. Iyo sutures ye thorax uye zvikamu zvekutanga zvedumbu zvakasviba uye zvinomira zvakatarisana nekumashure kwemuviri. Pane rima pazasi pemakumbo emberi.
Dasiptera lacewing = Chrysopa dasyptera McL. Yakagoverwa mumatunhu eTranscaucasia neCaucasus, kuchamhembe nepakati nzvimbo dzeKazakhstan, uye marepublic eCentral Asia. Korona iruvara rumwe. Mapapiro acho akafukidzwa nemvere. Zvipembenene zvakura zvinodya.
Dubitan lacewing = Chrysopa dubitans McL. The casing (huma) ine-ruvara rumwe. Pane maviri akasviba oval mavara pakorona. Makusu etarsi akawedzerwa zvakanyanya pazasi. Makonye anodya. Tupembenene twevakuru tunodya nekita nemukume (chikafu chekuwedzera) uye zvinotakura mukume, kunyanya zvikara. Prepupae overwinter in soft cocoons. Inowanikwa pazvirimwa zvemuriwo.
Pearl lacewing = Chrysopa perla Steph. Yakagoverwa kwese kwese kunze kweCentral Asian republics. KuFar East inogara muKhabarovsk Territory. Iwo machinjiro-tsinga pamapapiro akasviba zvachose; tsinga dzega dzega dzine dema chete pazasi. Makonye anodya. Tupembenene twevakuru tunodya nekita nemukume (chikafu chekuwedzera) uye zvinotakura mukume, kunyanya zvikara. Prepupae overwinter in soft cocoons.
Green lacewing = Chrysopa phyllochroma Wesm. Pane mavara matema mumusoro. Antennae yakasvibira yakasimba. Mitsipa yemapapiro emapapiro haisi yose yakasviba. Muzinga (gonocrista) nemazino makuru. Makonye anodya. Tupembenene twevakuru tunodya nekita nemukume (chikafu chekuwedzera) uye zvinotakura mukume, kunyanya zvikara. Prepupae overwinter in soft cocoons.
Lacewing yepedyo = Chrysopa intima MсL. Muenzaniso uri mumusoro unofanana nerondedzero yetsamba X. Varume vane mitsetse yakasviba pamativi pa pronotum. Makonye anodya. Tupukanana tukuru tunodya nekita nemukume uye zvinotakura mukume nezvinodya dzimwe mhuka. Prepupae overwinter in soft cocoons
Chinese lacewing = Chrysopus chinica/Chrysopa sinica Tj. Iyo pronotum muvarume ine mitsetse yakasviba kumativi. Makonye anodya. Zvipembenene zvakura zvinodya nekita nemukume.
Yakanaka lacewing = Taiwanese lacewing = Chrysopa Formosa Br. Yakagoverwa mumasango-steppe, kwete-chernozem, nzvimbo dzepasi; kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva; Ural; muEastern Siberia neTransbaikalia; kuFar East; munyika dzeTranscaucasia neCaucasus; mumarepublic eCentral Asia. Kuseri kwemusoro neantennae kwakafanana ruvara. Mitsinga yemapapiro itema.Makonye anodya. Tupembenene twevakuru tunodya nekita nemukume (chikafu chekuwedzera) uye zvinotakura mukume, kunyanya zvikara. Prepupae overwinter in soft cocoons. Inowanikwa pamuriwo nemavise.
Lacewing commata = Chrysopa commata Kiss et Uj. Iyo sutures ye thorax uye zvikamu zvekutanga zvedumbu zvakasviba uye zvinomira zvakatarisana nekumashure kwemuviri. Pane rima pazasi pemakumbo emberi. Muchitarisiko inosiyana zvishoma kubva kuAltai lacewing. Makonye anodya. Tupembenene twevakuru tunodya nekita nemukume (chikafu chekuwedzera) uye zvinotakura mukume, kunyanya zvikara. Prepupae overwinter in soft cocoons.
Lacewing magnicoda = Chrysopa magnicauda Tj. Muzinga une mazino madiki. Makonye anodya. Tupembenene twevakuru tunodya nekita nemukume (chikafu chekuwedzera) uye zvinotakura mukume, kunyanya zvikara. Prepupae overwinter in soft cocoons.
Lacewing nigricostata = Chrysopa nigricostata Br. Yakagoverwa musango-steppe zone, non-chernozem zone, steppe zone yeRussia uye mumarepublic eCentral Asia. Pane makwapa madiki madiki mumusoro. Antennae ndeyeorenji.
Lacewing = Chrysopa vulgaris = Chrysopa carnea/Chrysopa carnea Steph. = Chrysopa vulgaria Schn. Yakaparadzirwa kwese kwese kunze kweSakhalin neKuril Islands. Musoro rudzi rumwe. Iyo clypeus nematama zvakaganhurwa nemutema, kazhinji ane tsvuku tsvuku, vhudzi. Iwo akachinjika matsinga emapapiro akasvibira. Iyo pronotum yevarume ine mavara akafanana pamativi. Zvipembenene zvevanhu vakuru overwinter. Makonye anodya. Vakuru vanodya nekita nemukume wezvirimwa uye vanotakura mukume. Zvipembenene zvevanhu vakuru overwinter.
Lacewing ine mavara manomwe = Chrysopus septempunktata. /Chrysopa septempunctata Wesm. Kuparadzirwa kwese kwese. Pane mavara manomwe mumusoro, ayo anoisiyanisa kubva kune mamwe marudzi e lacewing uye akafanotemerwa zita rayo. Iwo makwapa ari pakati peantennae uye pasi peantennae haaonekwe uye anogona kusanganisa kumashure. Muviri ruvara rumwe. Huru kupinda mamwe marudzi erudzi urwu. Makonye anodya. Tupembenene twevakuru tunodya nekita nemukume (chikafu chekuwedzera) uye zvinotakura mukume, kunyanya zvikara. Prepupae overwinter in soft cocoons.
Sogdinica lacewing = Chrysopa sogdinica McL. Yakagoverwa mumarepublic eCentral Asia. Pane mavara mana madiki pakorona. Nzvimbo iri pakati peantena ine ruvara rumwe. Mhuka idzi hadzina kudzidzwa.
Kubva 2014, nhamba ye lacewings munharaunda yeMoscow yakawedzera zvakanyanya. Izvi zvakapindirana nekuwedzera kumwe chete kwenhamba yeaphid, kunyanya peach aphid, iyo, nekuda kwekudziya kwemamiriro ekunze, yakabuda mudzimba dzegirini uye yakapararira zvakanyanya muminda. Miti yeJerusarema artichoke inonyanya kukwezva kune lacewings, uko zvipembenene zviduku zvakawanda zvakaiswa pamusoro pepamusoro nemaruva, zvichiita sezvokudya kwavari.
Lacewings inotarisisa kuita kwemishonga yezvipembenene, saka iwe unofanirwa kutendeukira kune iyi nzira yekudzora chete mumamiriro ezvinhu akanyanya eavalanche-yakafanana nekupinda kwezvipembenene.