Kubva mumagazini: Nha. 1 2016
Category: Nyanzvi kubvunza
B.V. Anisimov, S. N. Zebrin, V.N. Zeyruk,
Yese-Russian Research Institute yePotato Kurima yakatumidzwa zita. A.G. Lorja
Muchiito chazvino chekutonga kwemhando uye certification yembeu mbatatisi, machubhu anoora anowanzo kupatsanurwa mumhando mbiri huru - yakaoma uye yakanyorova.
Pakuwora kwakaoma, kunonyanyozivikanwa iFusarium dry rot uye Phoma rot. Kazhinji, kuora kwepamusoro kwakaoma kunogonawo kukura pamachubhu kana abatwa neAlternaria.
Kukura kwe wet tuber rot kunowanzo kuitika nekuda kwekutakurwa kwehutachiona kubva muzvirimwa zvakabatwa nekunonoka blight kana blackleg kune machubhu echirimwa chitsva. Paunenge uchirima mbatatisi muvhu rakanyorova zvakanyanya, kuora kwerabha kunogona kukura pamachubhu panguva kana pakarepo mushure mekukohwa. Kunyorova kwevhu kwepamusoro mumwaka wekukura kunoitawo kuti pave nemamiriro akanaka ekuora kwepink yemachubhu, uye mamiriro ekunze ekupisa panguva yetuberization anogona kubatsira mukukura kwemaronda ekuora kwemachubhu munguva pfupi mushure mekukohwa.
Mune zvimwe zviitiko, "kuora kwakasanganiswa" kunogona kukuvadza zvakanyanya: kunonoka blight-bacterial, fusarium-bacterial, fomosa-bacterial. Kupinda kwefungal uye hutachiona hwehutachiona mumachubhu uye kukura kwekuora kunofambiswa nekukuvara kubva kune nematodes, wireworms uye zvipembenene zvipembenene. Mumamiriro ezvinhu asina kunaka ekukohwa nekuchengetedza mbatatisi, zvikonzero zvekukura kwe tuber rot zvinogona kuve hypothermia uye kutonhora kwemachubhu.
Dry kuora kwemachubhu kunokonzerwa nefungal phytopathogens
Fusarium (Fusarium spp.)
Utachiona hunogona kuitika kuburikidza nembeu uye ivhu. Kukuvadza kunokurudzira kukura kwekuora, kunyanya pakurongedza pane tembiricha yakakwirira.
Phomosis (Phoma sp.)
Kunobva utachiona kunyanya mbeu ine tsvina; utachiona hunogona kupararira nemvura. Matavi anowanzo batwa panguva yekukohwa, asi Phoma rot rinowanzokura mushure mekukohwa uye kuronga mushure mekukohwa uye/kana pakudzikira kwekuchengetera.
Alternariosis (alternate sp.)
Alternaria spores inorarama nembatatisi kana imwe organic matter mumunda kana muvhu chaimo.
Kuora kwemvura kunokonzerwa nehutachiona hwepathogenic uye mabhakitiriya
Kunonoka kunaya (Phitofhthara infestans)
Spores kubva kumusoro inokanganisa tubers muvhu. Tuberous late blight inogona kuonekwa panguva yekukohwa uye inoramba ichikura panguva yekuchengetera. Kukuvadzwa kwemachubhu panguva yekukohwa mushure mekukohwa kunowanzokonzera izvi.
Pink kuora (Phytophora erythroseptica)
Utachiona hunoitika kuburikidza nevhu. Kubudirira kwehutachiona kunosimudzirwa nekunyorova kwevhu uye tembiricha. Kuora kunotanga panguva kana kuti nguva pfupi mushure mekukohwa.
Kuora kwerabha (Geotrichum candidim)
Kunobva utachiona ivhu. Kukura kwekuora kunosimudzirwa nekunyorova kwevhu kwakasimba uye nemamiriro ekudziya panguva isati yakohwewa. Kuyerera kwevhu kwakaringana nekuchengeta machubhu kubva munzvimbo dzine mvura dzemunda zvakaparadzana nezvimwe zvirimwa zvinogona kuderedza kupararira kwekuora.
Kuora ronda remvura (Pythium sp.)
Kunobva utachiona: ivhu. Utachiona hwema tubers hunoitika kuburikidza nemaronda. Kuora kunokurumidza kupararira pamachubhu achangobva kucherwa ane ganda risati raoma. Kudziya kwekunze panguva yekukohwa kunokurudzira kukura kwekuora.
Черная gumbo (Dickeya/Pectobacterium spp.)
Kunobva utachiona kunyanya machubhu embeu ane utachiona, asi mumunda utachiona hunogona kutapuriranwa kubva mumiti ine utachiona kuenda kumadonhwe emvura ane utano ane mabhakitiriya (madonhwe emvura/aerosol) pamwe chete netumbuyu. Utachiona hwekubata hunogona kuitika kubva mumidziyo yakasvibiswa kana midziyo. Kutapukirwa nehutachiona uhu uye kukura kwechirwere kunofarirwa nemamiriro ekukura ane hunyoro, asi akanakira Pectobacterium zviri kutonhorera uye kunyorova mamiriro, uye nokuda Dickey - inodziya uye yakanyorova.
Ring kuora (Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. sepedonicus)
Kunobva utachiona imbeu ine tsvina. Machubhu emamwe marudzi anogona kunge asina hutachiona. Utachiona hunoparadzirwawo nemidziyo ine tsvina, kunyanya midziyo yekucheka. Munyika zhinji, inoonekwa sechirwere chekuvharirwa; kana pakaitika, zvinhu zvakasvibiswa zvinobviswa uye zvinoraswa kubva mukutenderera.
Kuora kubva ku hypothermia uye kutonhora kwemachubhu
Zvinokonzera: tembiricha yakaderera (pasi pe1 °C) tisati takohwa kana kuchengetedza. Kukuvara kweTuber kunogona kukonzerwa nekukasika kushanduka kwetembiricha (kwete hazvo kuderera kwechando) Zvinoda kukohwa chando chisati chasvika uye kudzivirira kutonhora zvakanyanya mudura.
Kuora kubva mukukuvadzwa kwemachubhu nenematodes, wireworms uye makonye ezvipembenene
Mbatata stem nematode - Ditylenchosis (Ditylenchus muparadzi)
Manematodes anonyanya kutapuriranwa pamwe chete nemachubhu embeu ane utachiona.Zvinodikanwa kushandisa mbeu yakasimbiswa ine hutano uye kunze kweminda yakambocherechedzwa kuti pakabuda chirwere ichi. Manematode anonetsa kubvisa nekuti anogara pamiti yakawanda. Kuderedza kuwanda kwavo kunogona kurerutswa nekushandiswa kwezviyo mukutenderedza mbesa pamwe chete nekurwisa sora kunobudirira.
wireworms (Agriotes/Tandonia/Arion spp.)
Makonye anodya madiki epamusoro kana kuti akadzika mutuber. Mavara acho anogara akamanikana (kusiyana nekukuvadza kunokonzerwa neslugs), asi anogona kuve akabatikana zvakanyanya. Kukuvadza kunokonzerwa newireworms kunoita kuti zvimwe zvirwere zvipinde mukati me tuber, izvo zvinogona kukonzera marudzi akasiyana-siyana ekuora.
Pamwe chete newireworms, tuber rotting yemhando yakaoma kana yakanyorova (zvichienderana nemamiriro ekuchengetedza) inowanzokonzerwa nekukuvara kubva kune zvipembenene, cutworms, slugs, uye mbatatisi moths.
Khrushchi (malarvae) anodya maburi mumachubhu. Kusiyana nemacutworms, haasiye mapee asara akatenderedza mipendero yemakomba.
Scoops (makonye) anotsenga mapako ehukuru hwakasiyana mumachubhu. Pamipendero yavo pane zvakasara zvepeel muchimiro chemupendero.
Slugs
Vanodya mhango dzehukuru hwakasiyana mune tuber pulp, izvo zvinogona kufambisa kupinda kwe phytopathogens mu tuber, zvichikonzera marudzi akasiyana ekuora.
potato moth
Inobereka nzira dzakatetepa (2-4 mm) pasi peganda kana mukati me tuber. Chiratidzo chekukuvara kwezvipfukuto kuvapo kwetsvina pamusoro uye mumigero mukati me tubers.
Kusimba kwekukura kwe tuber rot kunonyanya kutariswa nehuwandu hwekupararira kwezvirwere panguva yekukura nekukohwewa kwembatatisi. Naizvozvo zvakakosha kuti titarise mabviro eutachiona kuburikidza neongororo dzemumunda munguva yekukura uye kushandiswa kwakadzama kwezviyero zvekudzivirira nekudzivirira panguva yekurima ivhu, kugadzira mbeu dzekudyara, kuchengetedza zvirimwa nekukohwa.
Pamaitiro ekudzivirira uye ekudzivirira, anonyanya kushanda ndeaya: kurima mbatatisi mukutenderera kwezvirimwa uchishandisa zvirimwa zvakapfuura zvinochenesa ivhu rezvirwere; kushandisa zvine musoro kwe organic uye mineral fertilizer, microelements uye calcareous zvinhu zvinowedzera kurwisa kwezvirimwa uye machubhu kuzvirwere; kushandisa machubhu ane hutano chete kuita mbeu, kudziyisa mhodzi dzembatatisi uyezve kurasa zvinhu zvine utachiona; disinfection yembeu tubers isati yadyarwa; kushandiswa kwese kuchengetwa kwechirimwa uye nzira dzekudzora sora dzinobatsira mukugadzirwa kwezvidyarwa zvine hutano, zvakasimirirwa zvinokwanisa kutora mukana wakazara wekupokana kwechisikigo kupindura kune tupukanana tunokuvadza.
Seyero yekudzivirira pakudyara kwembeu, zvinonyanya kukosha kubvisa zvinomera zvinorwara - zvitubu zvehutachiona - nekuita zvakakwana phyto-kuchenesa. Zviratidzo zvezvirwere pamiti zvinoonekwa panguva dzakasiyana, saka chiitiko chikuru chinowanzoitwa nekuchenesa katatu.
Kucheneswa kwekutanga kunoitwa nguva pfupi mushure mekubuda kwemafuro akazara, apo zvinomera zvinosvika kureba kwemasendimita 15-20. Panguva ino, zvinonyanya kukosha kubvisa makwenzi akabatwa neblackleg. Izvo zvinomera zvinorwara zvinokurumidza kubviswa kubva pakudyara, zvishoma zvitubu zvekugona kupararira kwehutachiona zvinosara mumunda.
Yechipiri yekuchenesa inoitwa panguva yemaruva. Munguva iyi, kusvibiswa kwakasiyana-siyana kunowanzobviswa, pamwe chete nemiti yakasvibiswa inobatwa nehutachiona uye zvirwere zvehutachiona. Kazhinji, mushure mekucheneswa kwechipiri, kuyedzwa kwemunda kunoitwa uye kuteedzera kwekudyara nezvinodiwa zvekutonga zveyero yakatemerwa zvikamu zvakasiyana uye makirasi embeu mbatatisi anotemerwa.
Kucheneswa kwechitatu kunoitwa pamberi pekukohwa kubviswa kwepamusoro. Munguva iyi, tsvina yakasara inobviswa, pamwe chete nemiti inoratidza zviratidzo zvebhakitiriya (ring rot) uye zvirwere zvehutachiona.
Kuchenesa kunofanirwa kuitwa nevashandi vakanyatsodzidziswa pamberi peanyanzvi ane ruzivo ane hunyanzvi hwekuziva zviratidzo zvehosha uye mbatatisi varietal tsvina. Muchiitiko ichi, kazhinji vanhu vaviri vanofamba nemuforo uye vanonyatsoongorora zvirimwa mumitsara miviri kurudyi nekuruboshwe rweforo iyo nzira inogadzirwa. Mbeu dzinoonekwa dzine chirwere kana tsvina yemhando inocherwa nefoshoro pamwe chete nemachubhu, kusanganisira machubhu aamai, yobviswa mumunda. Hazvikurudzirwi kudhonza zvirimwa, sezvo izvi zvinogona kusiya mai tubers muvhu, kumera zvakare mugore rimwe chete uye zvakare kubereka zvirimwa zvinorwara. Misoro uye machubhu anobviswa panguva yekuchenesa anofanira kuparadzwa zvachose.
Kana paine kutyisidzira kwekuvandudzwa kwekunonoka blight uye alternaria kusvika pachiyero chepakati kana chakakomba, yakaoma yemakemikari uye biological gadziriro inoshandiswa kupfapfaidza zvirimwa panguva yekukura. Aya maitiro anoita kuti zvikwanise mune ramangwana kuderedza zvakanyanya kurasikirwa kubva pakuora panguva yekuchengetedza mbatatisi.
Nzira yakakosha inodzivirira utachiona hwemachubhu panguva yekukohwa uye inoderedza njodzi yekukura kwetuber rot kubviswa kwepamusoro kusati kwakohwewa. Inoitwa pakudyara kwembeu mazuva gumi nemana tisati takohwewa, uye pakudyara kwekutengesa mazuva manomwe asati akohwewa. Kana misoro ichibviswa pakarepo musati kukohwa, tuber peel haina nguva yekusimbisa uye inokuvadzwa zvakanyanya nemichina yekukohwa, iyo inogona kukonzera hutachiona hwakakura hwembatatisi nekuora kwakaoma uye kunyorova. Saka, semuenzaniso, kana dhigirii yekukura kwekunonoka kwezvinomera yasvika 14% uye uremu hwechirimwa hahusisiri kuwedzera, misoro inofanira kuparadzwa nekukurumidza kuitira kuti ma tubers arege kutapukirwa muvhu. Asi kunyange munyaya iyi, zvakakosha kuchengetedza nguva pakati pekuparadzwa kwepamusoro uye kukohwa.
Misoro yacho inogona kuparadzwa nekuchekwa kwemuchina nekubvisa zvinosungirwa zvechirimwa kubva mumunda, sezvo kumusoro kwakabatwa kuri honzeri yehutachiona hwekunonoka blight uye tuber bacteriosis pamberi uye panguva yekukohwa. Inokurudzirwa kushandisa kemikari desiccation pambeu dzembeu. Nechinangwa ichi, mbatatisi inopfapfaidzwa neReglon Super (2,0 l/ha). Kushandiswa kwemvura yekushanda kunofanirwa kunge kuri 300 l/ha.
Munguva yekukohwa, kutakura mbatatisi uye kuichengeta, zvinokurudzirwa kurongedza midziyo, mota, kuronga, nezvimwe ne 2-3% mhinduro yemhangura sulfate. Yese mbatatisi inosara mushure mekurongedza uye kurongedza inoraswa, uye iyo midziyo inoiswa disinfected ne5% mhinduro yemhangura sulfate.
Mukurwisa kuora, nzira dzese dzinodzivirira kukuvadzwa kwemagetsi kumachubhu panguva yekukohwa, kuronga, kutakura, uye kuchengeta mbatatisi dzinoshanda. Kuti uite izvi, zvinodikanwa kunyatso gadzirisa vanokohwa, mbatata diggers, sorters, uye kunyatsobata machubhu, kudzivirira iwo kubva pakureba kukuru. Kureba kunobvumirwa kwema tubers anowira pamusoro pesimbi (springy nhete-sheet) ndeye 50-80 cm, yakasimba yehuni - 25-50, matanda ematanda ematanda - 15-25, rubberized one - 50-75, ivhu - 200, pamatato - 100-125 cm.
Kudzora mushure mekukohwa uye nzira dzekudzikisa kurasikirwa kubva pakuora panguva yekuchengeta mbatatisi
Pasati papera mwedzi usati wachengeta mbatatisi, nzvimbo dzekuchengetera dzinocheneswa nevhu uye machubhu ekare, disinfected neraimu pamwe nekuwedzera kwe2-3% copper sulfate, ipapo madziro ekuchengetedza, sirin'i, bhini madziro uye mapaneru anocheneswa neraimu. Fumigation ne whist yekugadzirira inoshandiswawo (yakawanda macheki 150-200g/1000 m.3 nzvimbo yembatatisi).
Munguva yekutonga mushure mekukohwa, tuber bvunzo dzinoitwa kuona zvirwere zvakaonekwa pamachubhu.
Maitiro ekutora sampling yekuongorora tuber uye zvinodikanwa zvemhando yemhando yembeu uye yekutengesa (chikafu) mbatatisi inotemerwa nezviyero: GOST R 53136-2008 "Mbeu mbatatisi. Technical specifications"; GOST R 55329-2012 "Mbeu mbatatisi. Kubvuma uye nzira dzekuongorora" uye GOST R 51808-2001 "Mbatatisi yezvokudya zvitsva, yakagadzirwa uye inopiwa."
Matafura 1 uye 2 anoratidza kushivirira kweiyo tuber rot zviyero zvemabheti embeu mbatatisi inopinda mukutengeserana munyika dzeEU, Canada, Russian Federation uye Republic of Belarus.
Nyika zhinji dzinogadzira nekutengesa mbatatisi kunze kwenyika mumitemo yenyika dzinowanzo kuunza kushivirira kwakasimba kana zvichienzaniswa nezvinodiwa zvemitemo yeUNECE yepasirese mwero, kunyanya nezvekuora kwemvura kunokonzerwa nepathogenic fungi uye mabhakitiriya [6] (Tafura 1).
Tafura 1. Regulatory kushivirira kwetuber rot zviyero zvemakirasi akasiyana / zvizvarwa zvembeu mbatatisi inotengeswa munyika dzeEU.
Страны | Kushivirira kwemakirasi embatatisi yembeu, % | ||||
S | SE | E 1-3 | Pakati pe1-2 | B | |
ЕС1 | 0,5 | 1 | 1 | ||
United Nations | 0,2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Germany | 0,5 | 0,5 | 0,5 | 0,5 | 0,5 |
Holland2 | 1-4 machubhu pa50 kg | ||||
Finland | 0,5 | 0,5 | 0,5 | 1 | 1 |
France | 0,1 | 0,2 | 0,2 | 0,2 | 0,2 |
Belgium | 0,5 | 0,5 | 0,5 | 0,5 | 0,5 |
Denmark | 0,1 | 0,1 | 0,1 | 0,1 | 0,1 |
Bulgaria | 0,5 | 0,5 | 0,5 | 1 | 1 |
Czech Republic3 | 1,0 (0,25) | 1,0 (0,25) | 1,0 (0,25) | 1,0 (0,25) | 1,0 (0,25) |
Canada4 | 1,0 (0,1 / 0,5) | 1,0 (0,1 / 0,5) | 1,0 (0,1 / 0,5) | 1,0 (0,1 / 0,5) | 1,0 (0,1 / 0,5) |
1 - Maererano neEU Directives 2002/56 uye 93/17;
2 – Pakuora kwemvura, 1 tuber pa250 kg inotenderwa;
3 - Chiratidzo chekuora kwemvura chinoratidzwa mumabharanzi;
4 - Kutumira / kuenda kunyoro kushivirira kunopiwa muvabereki.
Izvo zvinotarisirwa zvinodikanwa zveazvino nyika zviyero muRussia neRepublic yeBelarus yechikamu cheOS zvakanyanya kuenzaniswa nemazinga epasi rose eiyo UNECE chiyero. Panguva imwecheteyo, kushivirira kwemabhechi embeu mbatatisi yeEC uye RS zvikamu zvakanyanya kudarika zvakajairwa zveUNECE chiyero chekuwora kwakaoma uye kunyorova, izvo zvinotungamira kuderera kwemhando uye kukwikwidza kwembeu dzevakuru uye dzekubereka dzekugadzirwa kwepamba. . Parizvino, sechikamu chekuvandudzwa kwegwaro idzva reInterstate Standard renyika dzenhengo dzeEAEU dzekugovera mbeu mbatatisi, zvinotarisirwa kuunza kushivirira kwakasimba kwekuora kwakaoma uye kunyorova, izvo zvichanyatso kuenzaniswa nezviyero zveanologues epasi rese. (Tafura 2).
Tafura 2. Regulatory kushivirira kwezviyero zve tuber rot yemhando dzakasiyana dzembeu dzembatatisi dzinopinda mukutengeserana muRussian Federation uye Republic of Belarus.
Maitiro | Kirasi/Chizvarwa Maitiro* | ||
OS | ЭС | RS 1-2 | |
GOST R-2008 | 0,5 (0) | 2 (1) | 2 (1) |
GOST yeRepublic yeBelarus | 0,5 (0) | 2 (1) | 3 (1) |
Interstate mwero (chinyorwa) | 0,5 (0) | 1 (1) | 1 (1) |
* OS - chikamu chembeu dzepakutanga; ES - mhodzi dzepamusoro; RS - mbeu yekubereka. Chiratidzo chekuora kwemvura chinoratidzwa mumaparentheses.
Zvinoenderana neGOST R 51808-2001, kune ese makirasi ezvikafu zvinyoro mbatatisi, akagadzirirwa uye akapihwa, kuvepo kwemachubhu akabatwa nekunyorova, kuoma, mhete, kuora kwebhatani uye kunonoka blight, pamwe nechando uye nezviratidzo zve "kushaya mweya" hazvibvumidzwe. Usati waita tuber kuongororwa kwemasamples akasarudzwa kuitira kuti uite phytopathogenic fungi, mabhakitiriya uye stem nematodes mumachubhu, zvinokurudzirwa kuchengeta machubhu patembiricha ye10-20.оC mukati memazuva makumi maviri.
Kutanga, muenzaniso unoyerwa, ipapo ivhu rakasununguka uye mamwe matsvina anoparadzaniswa. Huwandu hwetsvina hunotarwa nehuremu sechikamu chehuremu hwese hwemachubhu emuenzaniso wakapihwa. Mushure mokubvisa tsvina, tuber imwe neimwe inoshambidzwa mumvura uye inoongororwa. Zvisiri-zviyero uye zvisina kukwana zvinoonekwa uye zvakabatanidzwa nemhando yekukuvadza (zvirwere, zvipembenene, mechanical). Huwandu hwemachubhu ane chirwere anotaridzwa sechikamu chehuwandu hwehuwandu mumuenzaniso. Zvichienderana nedata rekuongorora, mabheti embeu dzembatatisi anopihwa kumapoka anoenderana embeu, uye mabheti eware mbatatisi anopihwa kumakirasi anoenderana ekutanga kana kunonoka mbatatisi (Edzero, yekutanga kana yechipiri makirasi).
Kuti uone zvirwere uye hurema mukati (gumbo dema, ring rot, late blight, phomosis, kusviba kwepulp, glandular spot, hollowness, ditylenchosis), 100 tubers per sampuli inochekwa munzira yakareba. Kana zvirwere kana kukanganisa kunowanikwa, machubhu akasara emuenzaniso anochekwawo.
Kana pane zvirwere zvakawanda pane imwe tuber, chimwe chezvinonyanya kukuvadza chinotaridzirwa nenzira inotevera: ring rot, black leg, late blight, fomoz, dry rot, ditelenhoz, kushaya mweya, frostbite, common scab, rhizoctonia, powdery. uye sirivheri goko, kukuvara kwemichina.
Tubers dzakakanganiswa kusvika chero dhigirii nekunonoka blight, yakaoma kuora, kunyorova, gumbo dema, ring rot, phomosis, uye stem nematodes anonzi anorwara. Zvichienderana nemhedzisiro yekuongorora tuber, mushumo wekuongorora tuber unodhirowewa, unoratidza nhamba uye muzana yemachubhu ane chirwere.
Kuti uderedze kurasikirwa kubva mukuora, mbatatisi dzembeu kubva kuminda uko kunonoka blight, phomosis, zvirwere zvebhakitiriya zvakakura zvakanyanya, uye machubhu akagamuchira kukuvadzwa kwemagetsi, panguva yekuchengetedza uye munguva yekutanga yekuchengetedza, disinfection inofanira kuitwa kurwisa hutachiona uhu. iyo causative agent ye fusarium yakaoma kuora (kana kukohwa nembatatisi kunobatanidza kudya uku kunodiwa) uchishandisa mishonga Maxim (0,2 l / t) kana Fitosporin (1 kg / t).
Disinfection yembatatisi tubers inoitwa mukudonha uchishandisa aerosol jenareta emhando dzakasiyana-siyana, ayo akaiswa pane conveyor loaders kana kurongedza mapoinzi. Kushanda mvura inoshandiswa ndeye 3-5 l/t. Nekushandiswa kwemvura iyi, hapana chikonzero chekuomesa mbatatisi zvakare. Fumigation ne whist yekugadzirira inoshandiswawo (yakawanda macheki 5-10 g/t)
Kugadzirira kunonyanya kushanda kana kushandiswa mushure memazuva matatu mushure mekukohwa mbatatisi, kana zviri nani zvakadaro, pakarepo mushure mekukohwa paunenge uchichengetedza uchishandisa teknolojia yekuyerera. Paunenge uchiashandisa, unofanirwa kutevedzera mitemo yekuchengetedza kana uchishanda nemishonga yezvipembenene.
Mumazuva 20-25 ekutanga ekuchengetedza kwenguva pfupi kana zvachose (nguva yekurapa), tembiricha inofanira kuchengetedzwa pa15-18.оC uye hunyoro hunyoro 90-95%. Izvi zvinobatsira kukurumidza kuporesa kwekukuvara pama tubers. Kureba kwetuber mound kunoenderana nerudzi rwekuchengetera uye kuti yakashongedzerwa neino shanda kufefetera uye nemamiriro ekunze masisitimu.
Mushure mekupera kwenguva yekurapa, tembiricha muhuwandu hwembatatisi inoderedzwa zvishoma nezvishoma, asi kwete kupfuura ne 0,5-1.оC pazuva kwemazuva makumi maviri nematanhatu kusvika makumi matatu, uye inochengetwa panguva huru yekuchengetedza mukati me26-30.оC, kusiyanisa zvishoma zvichienderana nehupenyu hwemhando dzemhando.
Mamiriro akanaka ekuchengetedza anochengetedzwa kuburikidza nemhepo, kutonhora nemhepo yekunze kana musanganiswa wayo nemhepo yekuchengetedza. Muzviitiko zvose, mhepo inopiwa inofanira kuva nekushisa kwakanaka. Muchirimo, iyo yakakwana modhi inochengetedzwa nekufefetedza husiku uye mangwanani kwenguva yakareba kupfuura muchando.
Tembiricha yemhepo kana musanganiswa wemhepo inopihwa kumupendero wembatatisi inofanirwa kuve yakanaka, asi yakaderera pane tembiricha muhuwandu hwembatatisi ne2-5.оC. Tembiricha yekuchengetera munzvimbo yekuchengetera inofanirwa kuenzana kana kukwira kupfuura tembiricha mudutu rembatatisi, asi isingasviki 1.оC.
Kuchengetedza tembiricha uye humidity kuchengetedza mamiriro anowanikwa nekufefetedza murwi wembatatisi 2-3 nguva pasvondo kwemaminitsi makumi matatu.
Kudzidzira kwakaratidza kuti yakakurudzirwa kuchengetedza mbatatisi inogona kuderedza zvakanyanya kukura kwe tuber kuora uye zvakanyanya kuderedza kurasikirwa kwekuchengetedza.
Kunhonga mbatatisi munguva yechando hazvidiwi, sezvo zvinogona kuita kuti kuwedzeredza kwe tubers nekuora kwakaoma uye, nekudaro, kuwedzera kuoma kwechirwere. Machubhu akabatwa nekuwora kwakaoma anofanira kuunganidzwa uye kubviswa kubva kumusoro kwemupendero. Homwe dzakaonekwa dzekuora dzakanyorova dzinofanirawo kubviswa zvakanaka pamwe chete nechikamu chepedyo chemachubhu ane hutano.
Mbatata inorongwa zvachose kana inopfuura 10% yemachubhu inobatwa nefungal uye mabhakitiriya zvirwere.