Mune 2020 gore Federal Research Center yePotato yakatumidzwa zita A.G. Lorha (kusvika Nyamavhuvhu gore rapfuura - iyo All-Russian Research Institute yePatato yakatumidzwa A.G. Lorch) inopemberera yakakura-gore. Uye rino izuva rakakosha kwete revashandi veiri inokudzwa sangano, nharaunda yevabereki uye varimi vembeu, asiwo iyo indasitiri yose. Muchokwadi, isu tiri kupemberera zana ramakore rezvesayenzi nzira yekudyara mbatatisi. Nezve kuti zvese zvakatanga sei uye ndedzipi mabasa iyo Sangano inofanirwa kugadzirisa mune ramangwana, - mune nyaya yeDhairekitori weFIC ivo. Lorch Sergey Zhevora.
Kubva paHondo Yenyika I kusvika nhasi
- Tiudze zvishoma nezve nhoroondo yeAll-Russian Research Institute yePatato Economics. A.G. Lorha. Izvo zvese zvakatanga neKorenovskaya mbatatari yekubereka chiteshi?
- Zvimwe zvishoma kumberi. Pakutanga kwezana ramakore XX, mbatatisi dzakatove nehukuru hwakanyanya hwehupfumi kuHumambo hweRussia. Asi pakazosvika nyika Hondo Yenyika Yekutanga, mukana wekutenga mbatatisi dzekunze waive mushoma. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, zvakatemwa kuronga muna1914 mudunhu reBronnitsky mudunhu reMoscow nzvimbo yakasarudzika yekuedza tsika ye mbatata.
Munguva yepashure yekuchinja, kunyangwe zvese zvainetsa, mubvunzo wekurongedza yakasarudzika nzvimbo yekuyedza yekutanga basa pakusarudzwa kwemarudzi mbatatisi epamba yakafungidzirwa pakati peakanyanya kukosha. Iyo purojekiti yekugadzira chirongwa chekuronga ndima yekutyaira yakapihwa kuna Alexander Georgiaievich Lorkh, ipapo wechidiki musayendisiti weMoscow (aingova nemakore makumi matatu nemasere). Uye aive iye muna Kubvumbi 29 akatungamira basa reDunhu Rinoongorora Rakaumbwa richangobva kuumbwa, rimwe remapoka acho iro raive Dhipatimendi Rokubereka rePotato. Mugore rimwe chete, dhipatimendi reza mbatata rakaendeswa kuKorenevo state purazi.
Muna 1925 A.G. Lorch akakwanisa kuunza kuKorenevo yakakosha michina yekushongedza marabhoritari uye neakapfuma (anopfuura mazana masere emasampula) kuunganidza mhando dzekunze, pane iyo basa rekusarudza nekusimudzirwa kwetekinoroji yekudyara mbatatisi yakatanga. Iko kuedza kwakaburitsa mhinduro: yekutanga mhando mhando dze mbatatisi - Lorch uye Korenevsky - dzakagadzirwa kare muna 800. Aizotarisirwa kwenguva refu uye inofadza mafashoni, kunyanya iyo Lorch kurima: kwemakore makumi mana, nzvimbo dzayo dzekurima muSoviet Union dzaive dzakasimba mazana mashanu mahekita.
Pamusoro pekudyara zvakananga, zvidzidzo pane physiology uye genetics yematatari zvakarongeka paMuchina; maruva biology yakadzidzwa, zviitiko zvakavhenekwa uye hunhu hwekuzvimirira hwakaburitswa pachena. Pakati peino nguva, dhipatimendi re phytopathology rakagadzirwa, iro rakaitwa mukudzidza kwezvirwere zve mbatata. Kekutanga munyika, basa rakatanga kuyedza mhando dzekupokana nekenza yemazamu.
Vashandi vechiteshi vakagadzirisawo nzira nemisimboti yekurongedza kuyerwa kwenzvimbo kubvunzwa mbatatisi.
Kubudirira kwesainzi kwakafarirwa kwazvo, uye muna 1930 XNUMX Station yakashandurwa kuita Potato Research Institute.
Nhoroondo yeInstitute yakanga isiri yakapusa, senge nhoroondo yenyika yaivemo maakashanda. Isu taifanira kukunda matambudziko ehondo neyepashure pehondo makore, iyo nguva yekushandurwa. Asi timu yakapasa bvunzo dzese. Pamwe chete, masayendisiti akagadzira ruzivo rutsva, mhando, matekinoroji.
Yeuka kuti mukuchinja kwema1990, iro rinozivikanwa mhando Luck rakaonekwa. Uye zvakare, enzyme-yakabatana immunosorbent assay matekiniki akagadziridzwa uye akaunzwa kuti aongorore kuvapo kwehutachiona hutachiona, uye hutachiona hwehutachiona husina mbeu yekugadzira mbeu yakagadziridzwa nekuunzwa.
Matambudziko emazuvano. Nguva yemberi iri yepepuru
- Ndokumbira utaridze izvo zvikuru zvakabudirira zvesangano rako rekutsvaga mumakore achangopfuura.
- Mukutanga 2000s kuInstitute. Lorha yakagadzwa bhangi rehutano hwePotato Varieties, iyo parizvino inopa hunhu hwakakwana hwekuwanikwa kumabhizinesi anokura mbeu muRussia yose.
Nhasi, yedu yekutsvakurudza Institute inochengetedza inoratidzira genetic kuunganidza kwemarudzi mbatatisi. Parizvino, chimiro chayo chiri mazana manomwe ezvinyorwa. Kubva pane yekuunganidza, yakakodzera Musanganiswa Use Center yakagadzirwa uye inoshanda, iyo yakavhurika kune vese vanoshuva kuita ongororo yetsika yemazita.
Nyanzvi zvedu dzinokudziridza uye zvigadzirwa zvetava yekugadzira mbeu yemapotatisi, ine chinangwa chekuwedzera goho remarudzi epamba, shanda nzira dzekuchengetedza kubva pamishonga yazvino.
Asi zvakadaro, iyo yakanyanya kutariswa muzviitiko zveFIC inoramba iri basa rekubereka. Gore rega rega, mhando mbiri dze mbatatisi nyowani dzakagadzirwa nemasayenzi edu dzinoverengerwa muHurumende renyorwa rezvakasarudzwa zvinobvumidzwa kushandiswa muRussia. Iyi mhando haina nzira yakaderera kune vamwe vekunze, uye dzimwe nguva inotopfuura ivo. Nekudaro, iyo Gulliver yakasiyana inotarisisa yakanyanya kuvimbisa, maererano nezviratidzo zvezvibereko, inowana vazhinji veEuropean (kusanganisira iwo akaiswa mune runyorwa rwevatungamiriri maererano nenzvimbo yekurima muRussia nhasi). Izvo zvakasiyana-siyana zvinosiyaniswa nekuchengetedza kwakanaka mhando uye yakakwirira musika.
Kuedza kwakakosha kwevashandi veFIC mbatatisi kwavari. Lorch yakanangana nekugadzira yakakura inobereka mhando ine yakakwirira shanduko anokwanisa, pamwe "nemavara" marudzi (ndiko kuti, ruvara dhirowa). Violet neAurora Borealis mhando dzakatopinda muHurumende Rejista. Nhamba dzinoverengeka dzakasiyana siyana, sezvavanotaura, "vari munzira." Musiyano uripo pakati peizvi marudzi kubva kune iwo echinyakare ndechekuti ivo vanoshandura iwo iwo chaiwo zano re mbatatisi sechigadzirwa chepamusoro. Zvinogamuchirwa kuti mbatatisi haisi chigadzirwa chekudya. Nekudaro, izvi mhando - nekuda kwemhando yepamusoro yevhitamini C uye antioxidants (anthocyanins) - inogona kushandiswa mukudya uye kunyange pakurapa.
Nekudaro, kana izvo zvinoratidzwa "ruvara" mhando zvichiri kukunda musika (izvo zvavachaita pasina mubvunzo), zvino huwandu hwezvakanakira kusarudzwa kweSosaiti kwatova mukuda kwakasimba. Chekutanga pane zvese, tiri kutaura nezve nyowani nyowani Grand, Gulliver, Sadon, idzo dziri kuve dzinozivikanwa pakati pevanogadzira dzimba dzekurima. Iyi mhando dzinogutsa izvo zvakakosha zvevatengi, zvichiratidza kutengesa kwakanyanya kwakakwirira kwezvirimwa uye kuchengetedza mhando.
Kubatana nevanogadzira varimi
- Iyo Potato Institute inogara ichipinda muhurongwa hwese hukuru hwakanangana nekusarudzwa uye kugadzirwa kwembeu mbatatisi munyika. Ndeupi wavo waunofunga kuti anonyanya kukosha?
- Kwemakore ekuvapo kweInstitute, vashandi vayo vakapinda muchirongwa nekuvandudza maprojekiti “mazhinji embatata” munyika yese, uye chirongwa chimwe nechimwe chakadai, zvisinei nezera, chinoramba chakakosha uye chakakosha kwatiri.
Nhasi, vanhu vazhinji vanotendeukira kuInstitute kuti vabatsirwe. Ini ndichataura mbiri chete yenzvimbo dzinotsvakwa kwazvo dzekudyidzana kwedu nevagadziri vekurima. Kutanga: Sangano rinokudziridza zvaro-zviduku-zvirimwa uye minitubers emhando dzakasiyana dzekusarudza kwayo, ichipa vatengi neyemhando yepamusoro yemhodzi mbeu yakasarudzika. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, batch yega yega yakatotaridzirwa neiyo Soko yekutengesa, iyo inovimbisa mhando yepamusoro yezvigadzirwa.
Chechipiri: pane chiri kuenderera mberi, Sosaiti inobata zvidzidzo zvepamberi zvevashandi vemabhizinesi anokura mbeu, pamwe nemisangano uye tafura dzakatenderedza pamisoro inoenderana nenyanzvi. Iyo Sosaiti inoburitsa ruzivo rwezvinhu zvekutsigirwa kwesainzi yeindasitiri iyi, inoronga kuratidzira kwenyaya dzevakawana zvesainzi.
Fitz mbatata yakatumidzwa zita A.G. Lorha
-Zita repamutemo repasirinhi nhasi ndiyo A.G. Federal Potato Research Center Lorha (mushure mekugadziriswazve uye kuwanikwa kweVNIIKH yemamwe masangano mazhinji esainzi). Nei izvi zvakaitwa? Chii chakachinja pabasa reaya masangano ese?
- Musi wa5 Nyamavhuvhu 2019, gurukota reSainzi uye Yakakwira Dzidzo yeRussia Federation yakasaina gwaro rekugadzirisazve yeAll-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Research nekuwedzera Kaluga Sayenzi Yekutsvakiridza Institute of Agriculture kuFederal State Budgetary Sayenzi Institution, Kostroma Sayenzi Research Institute of Agriculture uye Leningrad Science Science Institute. Institute of Agriculture "Belogorka".
Chinangwa chekugadziridzwa kwakadaro chinogara chiri kuwedzera kuwedzerwa kwekutsvaga kwakaitwa mumasangano ezvesayenzi anokanganiswa navo, kuvandudzwa kwevashandi vanogona kuve kwemasangano akarongeka pamwe nekuvandudza zvinhu zvavo nehunyanzvi hwesimba. Uye ichi chinangwa chichava chinozadziswa. Kubatanidzwazve hakusati kwapera, asi kwatove kuri chikamu chekupedzisira.
Nekuda kwekugadziridzwa patsva, iyo Chirongwa chebudiriro yeiyo Federal State Budgetary Institution yePotato Potato yakatumidzwa A.G. Lorha ”, iyo ichaburitsa mabasa akatarisana nesangano rakabatana, zviratidzo zvinoda kuzadzikiswa, zviwanikwa zvinodiwa izvi. Chirongwa ichi chichiri kuvandudzwa.
Nekudaro, chinhu chimwe chandinga taura chokwadi: zviitwa zvese zvinoitwa sechikamu chekugadzirisazve zvichaitwa mukuremekedza nhaka yenhoroondo yemasangano akarongeka esainzi. Mazita ezvakaitika kare uye mitsara yechinyakare yekutsvaga ichachengetedzwa. Zvakare, basa richaitwa kuchengetedza mukana uripo wemasangano aya esainzi, kusanganisira vashandi.
Subprogram "Kuvandudza kwekusarudzwa uye kudyarwa kwembeu mbatata muRussian Federation"
- FIC ivo. Lorha anotora chikamu mukugadzwa kwe "subprogram" Kubuditsa kusarudzwa uye kugadzirwa kwembeu mbatatisi muRussian Federation "yeFederal Target Chirongwa chekurima Kurojesa kweRussia Federation ye 2017 - 2025. Tiudze nezvezvakaitwa neInstitute munzvimbo ino yebasa..
-Sosaiti inoshanda semurongi webasa resainzi uye senzira yakaitwa sechikamu chepasi pasi "Kugadziridza kusarudzwa nekugadzirwa kwembeu mbatatisi muRussian Federation" yeFederal Sayenzi nehunyanzvi Chirongwa cheKudzimudzira Kwekurima kwe 2017-2025.
Ini ndinoona kuti Subprogram pachayo inoitwa nevakawanda masangano ekutsvagisa, uye mupiro weumwe neumwe wavo unokosha.
Mangwanani-ngwanani kutora basa iri - iyo Subprogram iri kuitwa chete mugore rechipiri - asi mimwe mhedzisiro yakatowanikwa. Semuenzaniso, matatu matsva emhando mbatatisi akagadzirwa (kusanganisira Gulliver, iyo yakataurwa pamusoro). Zvekudyidzana neyemamiriro ekunze bvunzo dzemhando mbatatisi dziri kuitwa (dzinoverengeka makumi emarudzi dzakasiyana dzakapfuura ivo kusvika zvino). Chikamu chinotevera chebasa chichava miedzo yekugadzira, mhedzisiro yacho, ndine chokwadi, ichave chiratidzo chechokwadi chemakwikwi emarudzi epamba.
Mukati merimugadziriro yeRepprogram, kusimudzira kushandira pamwe nekubvumikisa matekinoroji mumunda wezvekugadzirwa mbeu mbatatisi uye kugadzirwa kwembeu isina hutachiona mbeu kuri kuitika. Matekiniki ari kugadzirwa ekushandisa aerohydroponic zvidyarwa ekukura mhando nyowani dzematatisi. Mhando nyowani dzemafotira uye zvigadzirwa zvekudzivirira mbatata zviri kugadzirwa.
Panguva imwecheteyo, kwekutsvaga kwekutanga kwakabatana neatomatiki genetics zvakare kuri kuitika. Nekudaro, mamakisi matsva anotungamira ehupfumi hwakakosha hunoratidzwa, CRISP / CAS9 nzira dzinovandudzwa kuti vawedzere kushandisa kwavo mune mbatata tsika, maka-akabatsira akasarudzika nzira dzekusarudza dzakafambiswa.
Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti zvibodzwa zvemasangano zvinotarisisa kune vatengi vekupedzisira - aya mabhizinesi ezvekurima ezvipi zviyero: kubva mukubatwa kwekurima kusvika kumapurazi madiki. Nekudaro, wega wega wekurarama neInternet anogona kushandisa geoinfform system yekutarisa njodzi dzekukurumidza kuputika kubuda kana kureva Solanum Tuberosum dhatabhesi, iyo yakagadzirwa nekutenda Subprogram.
Kubatana kwenyika dzese
-Tiudze nezvekubatana kweFIC nemasangano ekunze ane hunyanzvi.
- Sosaiti iri kushanda nesimba mukugadzira kusangana kwevesayenzi pakati pevarimi vekudyara vekunze nevatorwa. Muchokwadi, masayendisiti edu anopindirana nematatu emakondinendi mashanu anogarwa nevanhu.
Yekutanga mune yerondedzero yekushamwari dzekunze, hongu, inofanira kunzi International Potato Center (CIP). Chibvumirano chisingaenzaniswi chekubatana kwesainzi nehunyanzvi chakagumisirwa pakati pesangano iri uye nerechibvumirano chedu, mukati mehurongwa hwekuti kuchinjaniswa nekuzadziswazve kuunganidzwa kwezviwanikwa zve mbatatisi kunoitwa gore rimwe nerimwe nemafomu ane chimiro chakasiyana uye anopesana nehuwandu hwakasiyana hwebiotic uye abiotic kushushikana.
Iyo FRC zvakare inoshanda pamwe nekambani yekutsvaga "Aghvenchur Kushandisa B.V. Solynta (Netherlands) uye iyo Romanian National Institute yePatato Tsvagiridzo neBudiriro. Pakati pevashandi veFIC vanobva kuAsia nyika, zvakafanira kuratidza Heilongjiang Academy yeAgriculture Sayenzi (Harbin, China), iyo Institute of Vegetables uye Maruva eChinese Agricultural Academy (Beijing, China), Vietnamese Genetic Institute of Agriculture (Hanoi , Vhetinamu).
Kubatana kuri kuvandudzawo nenyika dzeAfrica: semuenzaniso, chibvumirano chekudyidzana kwesainzi uye kwehunyanzvi pakati peFIC neNational Mbeu yekugadzira Association (Angola) kwapera, mukati mehurongwa hwayo ibasa ririkuitwa kugadzira mhando itsva dze mbatatisi uye kuronga kugadzirwa kwembeu dzakakwirira.
Ehe, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa uye nyika dzakavakidzana. Zvisungo zvepedyo zvakanyanya zvinosimbiswa neKazakhstan, Tajikistan ne Uzbekistan. Tsvagurudzo dzakabatana dziri kuitwa nemasangano esainzi enenyika idzi pane dzakasiyana siyana dzezvidzidzo: kubva pakusarudzwa kwemhando dzakasiyana dzematatata kusvika pakuiswa kwemarudzi aya mukugadzirwa, pamwe nekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji nyowani dzekugadzira mhodzi yemaputi.
Chirwere cheMagariro
- Hutachiona hwakapindira muzvirongwa zve zviitiko zvemhemberero mukuremekedza makore zana emakore eiyo Federal Potato Research Center. Tiudzei zvachinja muchirongwa?
-Ndinotenda kuti zvese zvinoitika ndezvekuti zvirinani! Sosaiti yakamanikidzwa kuchinja chimiro chekupemberera kweyemusi, asi semhedzisiro, takagamuchira zviitiko zviviri kamwechete, maviri mazororo.
Tichasangana kekutanga musi waChikunguru 16, 2020 panzvimbo yedu padyo nemusha weKraskovo, uko kuchaitirwa Potato Field Day. Mbudzi mbatatisi dzicharatidzirwa kunzvimbo dzekuyedza dzeSosaiti, mhedzisiro yekushandiswa kwetekinoroji yekudyara uye masisitimu ekudzivirira mbatata anozoratidzwa. Pachavewo nemakwikwi evarimi, ivo vanokunda vanogamuchira mibairo yakakosha uye zvipo.
Chikamu chechipiri chichaitwa Nyamavhuvhu 28-29 muMoscow. Mukati mehurongwa hwayo, iyo International Sayenzi uye Inoshanda Congress (nekubatanidzwa kwevanotungamira vekunze uye vekumusha masayendisiti), kuratidzwa uye kuratidzwa kwezvakabudirira zvesainzi nehunyanzvi kucharongeka.
- Anniver anoratidza zvipo. Chipo chipi icho Sosaiti ingade kugashira zuva rakatenderera?
-Gore rapfuura, taive nepfungwa yekupemberera zana remakore rePotato Institute nekuiswa kwechinyakare chetsika inonyanya kukosha kune isu, iyo nhoroondo yadzo mukudya kwevanhu zvinoonekwa zvakanyanya pasi rese. Nehurombo, nepo mari yekushandisa chirongwa ichi isati yaunganidzwa zvakakwana, asi basa ririkuenderera mberi rekutsvaga vanotsigira. Kutora mukana uyu, ndinoda kukumbira kumabhizinesi ese anokura mbatatisi nechikumbiro chekupa rutsigiro mukugadzirisa nyaya iyi.
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