MuRussia yakakura-yekukura mbatatisi chikamu chemwaka wa2022/23, zviratidzo zvekuwandisa zvakaonekwa. Muchokwadi, hapana kuwedzeredza; iyi inzvimbo yakasikwa yakagadzirwa munzvimbo yekutengeserana inodzorwa nevekunze yekutengesa network.
Mbatata ichirimwa chakakosha chekudya, iyo basa uye kushandiswa kwayo kunongokura zvakadzikama mune ramangwana. Panyaya yekuunganidzwa kwesimba muchirimwa pachikamu chimwe chete, mbatatisi inodarika zvakanyanya zvimwe zvirimwa zvekurima zvemamiriro ekunze anodziya; ndiyo inonyanya kushandisa mvura uye inoshanda mushandisi wemvura, ichipa goho rakakura paivhu rekunze. Zvinotaurwa nenyanzvi dzezvekurima dzekuRussia dzemuzana ramakore rechi30 zvekuti kurima mbatatisi kwakafanana nekuwana hura nhatu dzechibage kwaimborimwa zvichave zvechokwadi mune ramangwana. Tichifunga nezvemikana iyi yezvirimwa, kugadzirwa kwembatatisi pasi rose kunofungidzirwa kuti kuchapeta kaviri mumakore makumi matatu anotevera. Russia ine ese mamiriro nemikana (ivhu-yemamiriro ekunze uye ehupfumi) kuve inotungamira mugadziri wemhando yepamusoro yekutengesa mbatatisi pamusika wepasi rose.
Chikonzero chekusakwana kutengesa mbatatisi chinowanzoonekwa semitengo yakakwira muzvitoro zvezvitoro, inofananidzwa nemitengo yezviyo uye pasta. Zvikamu zvezvigadzirwa zvechikafu zvakasiyana zvachose muhutano hwekudya zvinofanirwa kukwikwidza mumwe nemumwe mumamiriro ekuderera kwesimba rekutenga rehuwandu mumakore achangopfuura. Mitengo inogona kugadziriswa nekuunza zvirambidzo pahukuru hwekutengesa margins (kwete kupfuura 30%), kuunza chiyero chekugovaniswa kwezvigadzirwa zvemumba mumavhoriyamu ekutengesa emaketani ezvitoro (kwete pasi pe90%), uye kurambidza kutengeswa kunze kwenyika. mbatatisi. Aya midziyo yemazuva ano yakabudirira macroeconomic, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya pasirese kuona kusununguka kwechikafu uye kutsigira vanogadzira. Kwemakore makumi matatu, hurumende yeRussia yakamirira kuzvidzora kweruoko rusingaoneki rwemusika rwakaziviswa neve theorists, izvo zvinodzivisa zvakajeka kufambira mberi kwehupfumi hwepamba zvose uye kunyanya. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aripo, varimi vembatatisi muRussian Federation vanofanirwa kudzidza kushandisa nzira dzinoshanda dzekutengesa zvigadzirwa, izvo zvinobatsira kudzidza uye kushandisa yakanakisa ruzivo rwekunze. Semuenzaniso wekutevera, funga nezve kutengeserana kushambadzira kwevarimi veIdaho mbatatisi ye2023 - gwaro rinowanikwa uye rine simba. Parizvino, mabhizinesi zana nemakumi mashanu ari mudunhu iri munzvimbo ye150 zviuru mahekita pagore anokura anenge 120 miriyoni matani embatatisi, ichi chikamu chetatu chezvose zveAmerica mbatatisi. Uye vanoitengesa zvinobudirira, kunyangwe vachiri kuvimba neiyo yekare uye yepakutanga Russet siyana (hombe yakareba oval tuber isina kurongeka, ine ganda rakashama rebrown uye chena pulp). Kuwanda kwegoho iri rinoshandiswa kugadzira fries, asi Russet inoramba yakakurumbira sembatatisi yetafura (inenge hafu yekutengesa kwese muUnited States).
Mamiriro ezvinhu ekutanga uye zvinhu zvekubudirira kutengesa mbatatisi
1. Nyanzvi uye kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwekugadzira. Mabhizinesi madiki haakwanise kupa mbatatisi kumaketani ezvitoro kwenguva yakareba. Kukura mbatatisi kunowedzera kana kushoma kusanganiswa nekukura kwemuriwo, asi kunofanirwa kunge kuri chiitiko chikuru munyaya iyi zvakare. Izvo hazvina musoro uye hazvizobudiriri kana iwe ukarima mbatatisi mukuwedzera kune chimwe chinhu, sechirimwa chechipiri. Nekudaro, mapurazi makuru eRepublic yeBelarus ane hunyanzvi hwekuita nyama, mukaka uye kugadzirwa kwechikafu, kunze kwekusingawanzo, akadzora kugadzirwa kwembatatisi. Mapurazi ehunyanzvi chete anoenderera mberi netsika dzeiyo yaimbova mbiri yeBelarusian mbatatisi inokura, asi mavhoriyamu haasisiri akafanana. Dzimwe nguva hazvina kukwana kumusika wepamba.
2. Kubatanidzwa kwemabhizinesi ekurima mbatatisi. Idaho Potato Growers Association - Idaho Potato Commission (IPC) - yakagadzirwa muna 1937 (!). Sezvingatarisirwa, kwete panguva imwe chete, asi izvi zvakatungamira kune yakabatana mitengo uye mutemo wekutengesa, zvinobudirira kudzivirira basa uye zvido zveindasitiri. Kuvapo kwemubatanidzwa wehunyanzvi unobatanidza zvese zvinotibvumira kuita zvakabatana uye mukoniti. Varimi vekuRussia mbatatisi, isu tinofanira kubvuma chokwadi, vachiri kure kure nekubatana. Kuzvigutsa, kuzviparadzanisa nevamwe, mafungiro epapurazi anokunda: "Ndinogona kutengesa mbatatisi dzangu pachangu." Pave nekuedza kwakati wandei kwekubatana uye kune akati wandei maindasitiri masangano, asi haabatanidze nharaunda yese yembatatisi. Padanho redunhu, kubatirana kwemabhizinesi madiki kwakakosha kuitira kuti akure uye kufomatia mavhoriyamu ezvigadzirwa zvinotengeswa. Idzi inyaya dzakasarudzika kusvika parizvino. Uye kupatsanurwa hakubvumire kutaura uye kudzivirira zvido zveindasitiri. Hazvibviri kuumba nzvimbo yakabatana kana sangano rinosanganisira kwete chete mabhizimisi eRussia, asiwo vamiririri vemakambani ekunze ane zvido zvakasiyana zvachose. Naizvozvo, zvikumbiro zvinowanzobva kumasangano anotsigira zvido zve kwete zveRussia, asi makambani ekunze.
3. Zvigadzirwa zvepamusoro. Chinzvimbo hachidi kururamiswa, munhu wese anofanira kuyedza kusvika padanho repamusoro. Dambudziko riri muzvikamu: mune ramangwana, mbatatisi yetafura ichave ichikwikwidza negoho rinokwana 40 t/ha uye kutengeswa kweinenge 85%. Mbatatisi dzinotengeswa zvinoreva chikamu chechirimwa chinotengeswa nemitengo yepamusoro. Makore mashoma apfuura, mitengo yakakwira yevagadziri (kureva kubva mudura) yaionekwa semadhora zana / toni, uye mushure mekuwedzera kwepasi rose mumutengo wezvinhu uye zvigadzirwa muna 100/2021, zvishoma $22/ton.
4. Zvigadzirwa zvakasiyana-siyana. Kunyangwe nekuzvipira kwevaAmerican kuRusset, pamusoro payo, mamwe marudzi mashanu embatatisi anogara aripo pamasherufu ezvitoro muUnited States: yero, tsvuku, chena, gourmet uye kushamwaridzana. Vanotengeswa muzvikamu zvakasiyana.
Zvichienderana nekuongororwa kwehuwandu hwekutengesa kwenguva refu, matunhu akati wandei enyika akaonekwa aine akasiyana mashandisirwo emhando dzakasiyana dzembatatisi. Aya maficha anotariswa pakuronga assortment yekurima uye kutengesa.
Uye zvine musoro kuti isu tiite zvine hungwaru asi tichifunga kuwedzera zvakasiyana-siyana zvetafura mbatatisi uye mutsara wechigadzirwa. Kuwanda kwemhando dzakafanana pamasherufu ezvitoro zveRussia (mumakore achangopfuura aya anga ari yero, mbatatisi yakatenderera) inonyima vatengi sarudzo. Uye kushayikwa kwesarudzo kunoderedza kutengesa mbatatisi kazhinji.
5. Kugara uchizivisa vatengi nezvekubatsira kwembatatisi. Kubudirira kwekutengesa mbatatisi muIdaho kwakavakirwa, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, pakusimudzira kukosha kwekudya kwembatatisi sechigadzirwa chechikafu. Tinofanira kubvuma nokutendeka kuti isu hatipei hanya nechinhu ichi chekusimudzira. Zvichakadaro, zvakakosha kuendesa ruzivo rwesainzi kune mutengi.
Mbatata kudya kunovaka muviri kwakawanda. Sezvaunoziva, kubatsira kwechikafu kunotarirwa nechiyero chezvinovaka muviri uye macalorie. Semuyenzaniso, 100-giramu yekubika mbatatisi yakabikwa ine macalorie makumi mapfumbamwe nemanomwe, kana 97% yemubhadharo wezuva nezuva unokurudzirwa. Asi kushumira kumwe chete kunopa 5% yezvokudya zvako zvezuva nezuva zvefiber, vhitamini B10, uye potassium, uye 6% kana kupfuura ye thiamine, niacin, vhitamini C, vhitamini E, vhitamini K, phosphorus, magnesium, uye mhangura, nezvimwe. Uye izvi zvinoratidza kuti mbatatisi chikafu chine utano.
Mbatatisi nebhinzi dzakasvibira zvakaverengerwa sechikafu chine kudya kwakawanda padhora rakashandiswa muongororo yemakumi mapfumbamwe ezvikafu zvakajairika. Kukwanisa, kukosha kwekudya, hupenyu hurefu hwesherufu uye goho rakawanda rembatatisi zvinovaita chikamu chakakosha chehurongwa hwekuchengetedza.
Mbatatisi dzakaiswa muchikamu se "starchy miriwo", inoratidzira iyo inonyanya kukosha macronutrient, makabhohaidhiretsi, uye yakanyanya carbohydrate mhando, starch. Mbatatisi starch inoumbwa neamylopectin (branched-chain glucose polymer) uye amylose (straight-chain glucose polymer) muchiyero chisingachinji che3:1. Iyi "resistant starch" (RS) inoviriswa zvakanyanya ne microflora mucolon kuti ibudise mapfupi-chain mafuta acids akaratidzwa kudzikisa intestinal pH, kudzikisa huturu hweammonia mudumbu remudumbu, uye kuita se prebiotics kusimudzira kukura kwe anobatsira colon mabhakitiriya.. Zvidzidzo zvitsva zvemuenzaniso wemhuka uye zvimwe zvidzidzo zvishoma zvevanhu zvinoratidza kuti RS inogona kuwedzera kuguta, kuchinja zvakanaka kuumbwa kwemuviri, kuchinja zvakanaka lipid yeropa uye glucose, uye kuwedzera mabhakitiriya anobatsira mukoloni.
Mbatatisi dzine maviri ezvikamu zvishanu zveRS: RS2, iyo inowanikwa zvakanyanya mumbatatisi mbishi, uye RS3, iyo inoumbwa kana mbatatisi yakabikwa nekutonhodzwa. Ongororo ichangoburwa yakaongorora huwandu hweRS mumhando nhatu dzembatatisi dzakakurumbira dzakabikwa nenzira mbiri dzakasiyana (kubikisa nekubikisa) uye kudyiwa patembiricha nhatu dzakasiyana. Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuti RS zvirimo mumatato zvakasiyana zvakanyanya zvichienderana nekubika uye tembiricha, asi kwete pane zvakasiyana. Semuenzaniso, mbatatisi yakabikwa yaive neRS yakawanda (3,6 g RS pa100 g mbatatisi) pane yakabikwa mbatatisi (2,4 g RS pa100 g mbatatisi). Zvakare paavhareji, mbatatisi yakagochwa (yakatanga kubikwa kana kubikwa) yaive neRS yakawanda (4,3g RS pa100g mbatatisi), ichiteverwa nembatatisi yakakangwa uye yakadzoserwa (3,5g RS pa100g mbatatisi) uye mbatatisi dzakapihwa kupisa. pa 3,1 g mbatatisi). Kunyange mbatatisi dzakagadzirwa (senge mbatatisi flakes) dzinoita sedzinochengeta huwandu hwakakosha hwestarch isingamiri.
Mukuwedzera kune RS, mbatatisi ine fiber yekudya - inenge 2 g pa 150 g, inova 7% yehuwandu hwezuva nezuva. Ivo vanowanikwa mune zvese pulp uye peel. Mbatatisi chena ine fiber yakawanda. Mapuroteni asina kuchena emukati membatatisi anofananidzwa nemamwe akawanda midzi uye tuber staples, paanenge 2-4 g paavhareji tuber. Protein quality inowanzonzi "biological value" (BC), iyo inotora amino acid profile yeprotein pamwe chete ne bioavailability. Zai jena rine biological value ye100 uye rinotorwa sereferensi. Mbatata dzine BV 90 yakati wandei kana zvichienzaniswa nemamwe mapuroteni echirimwa akakosha (semuenzaniso soya bhinzi ine BV ye84 nebhinzi ine BV ye73). Ipfungwa isiriyo yekuti mapuroteni ezvirimwa anoshaikwa kana kushaikwa imwe kana akawanda eakakosha amino acids. Muchokwadi, mbatatisi ine ese mapfumbamwe akakosha amino acids uye saka ipuroteni yakakwana. Mapuroteni embatatisi akakwirira kune mamwe mapuroteni emiriwo uye akafanana nemapuroteni emhuka maererano nezviri mukati maamino acids anokosha.
Macro uye trace elements. Mbatata ine mavhitamini akawanda anokosha nemaminerari, kunyanya mavhitamini C neB6, pamwe chete nemaminerari e potassium, magnesium, uye iron. Mbatatisi yepakati-kati (150 g) ine 27 mg yevhitamini C, iyo yakawanda kwazvo. Mbatata iri pachishanu pane rondedzero yezvikafu zvevhitamini C kune vekuAmerica. Mbatata zvakare ine riboflavin, thiamine, uye folate, uye inzvimbo yakanaka yevhitamini B6 (12% yeUS DV pakushumira).
Mbatatisi ndeimwe yeakanyanya kunyura masosi e potassium; iyo mineral yemukati mumachubhu yakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura mumabhanana, maranjisi uye broccoli.
Mbatata ine magnesium yakawanda (inenge 48 mg mune yepakati-saizi tuber ine ganda), uye zvidzidzo zvenguva pfupi yapfuura zvinoratidza kuti mbatatisi inopa inenge 5% yehuwandu hwe magnesium mukudya kweAmerica.
Asi hapana iron yakawanda mumbatatisi (1,3 mg kana 6% yehuwandu hwezuva nezuva muUnited States), asi bioavailability yechinhu ichi yakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura mumiriwo yakawanda ine iron.
Mafungiro akajairika ndeokuti zvese zvinovaka muviri zvinowanikwa muganda rembatatisi. Iyo ine inenge hafu yeese yekudya fiber, asi yakawanda (> 50%) yezvinovaka muviri zvichiri mu pulp. Sezvinoita miriwo mizhinji, iyo bioavailability yezvakawanda zvinovaka mu mbatatisi, kunyanya mavhitamini anonyungudika nemvura nemaminerari, zvinoenderana nekugadzirisa uye nzira dzekugadzirira. Kurasikirwa kukuru kwezvokudya kunoitika apo mvura inoshandiswa pakubika (kubika) uye / kana kana chigadzirwa chacho chinoratidzwa nekupisa kwepamusoro kwenguva yakareba (yakadai sekubika).
Phytonutrients. Mbatata inewo akawanda phytonutrients, kunyanya carotenoids uye phenolic acids, uye ndiyo yakakura sosi yezvinomera-based phenolic compounds muAmerican diet. Carotenoids yakadai se lutein, zeaxanthin uye violaxanthin inowanikwa zvakanyanya muyero uye tsvuku mbatatisi, kunyangwe zvidiki zvinowanikwawo mumatapiri machena. Izvo zvizere zvemukati zvecarotenoids mumbatatisi zvinobva pa35 μg kusvika 795 µg pa100 g uremu hutsva. Mhando dzeyero dzakasvibira dzine macarotenoids akapetwa ka10 pane marudzi machena-nyama. Anthocyanins ndiwo phenolic makomisheni anowanikwa muchitokisi muto wemaruva, michero, uye mashizha ezvirimwa uye anopa mavara kubva kutsvuku kusvika kune raspberry uye bhuruu kusvika kune yepepuru. Iyo yepamusoro-soro yeanthocyanin yemukati mumbatatisi inosanganisira acylated petunidine glycosides (pepuru mbatatisi) uye acylated pelargonidin glycosides (tsvuku nepepuru mbatatisi). Chlorogenic acid, isina ruvara polyphenolic komboni, ndeyechipiri chirimwa metabolite uye inoverengera kusvika 80% yehuwandu hwephenol huri mumatapi tubers. Pakupedzisira, Quercetin is flavonoid inowanikwa zvakanyanya mutsvuku uye russet mbatatisi uye ine antioxidant uye anti-inflammatory properties in vitro uye in vivo. Kufanana nemimwe phytonutrients yemiti, glycoalkaloids haina kungoita chepfu chete, asiwo maitiro akanaka, kusanganisira cholesterol kuderedza, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, uye antipyretic madhara. Pasinei neruzivo urwu rwese, inofanira kusimbiswa kuti huwandu hweglycoalkaloids mumbatatisi inowanikwa kudyiwa nevanhu inowanzova yakaderera, uye kubvisa mbesa uye kusvuura ganda 3-4 mm gobvu kunze kwekunze kusati kwabika kunobvisa zvinenge zvese glycoalkaloids (kune mamwe mashoko. , ona Potato Journal). system" No. 2, 2023).
Mbatatisi haina gluten (boka remapuroteni ezviyo anoita gluten kune vanhu vakawanda vanorwara), saka ndiyo inonyanya kukosha yemakhahydrates mukudya kwevanhu vane chirwere chechiliac uye / kana gluten senitivity. Kungodzivirira chikafu chine gluten kunogona kukonzera kushomeka mune zvimwe zvinovaka muviri: fiber uye akati wandei micronutrients, kusanganisira thiamine, folate, magnesium, calcium uye iron. Nekuti mbatatisi ine huwandu hweizvi zvinovaka muviri, ivo chikafu chekudya kune avo vanoda kana vanoda kutevedzera gluten-isina kana gluten-inorambidzwa kudya. Pamapakeji embatatisi machipisi (kwete iwo ane hutano mhando yechigadzirwa chembatatisi), zvave kuita fashoni kuterera kwete kune yakakwira calorie yemukati, asi kune zero gluten yemukati.
6. Kudzvinyirirwa kwakasimba kwemashoko asina kunaka enhema pamusoro pezvokudya zvinovaka muviri zvembatatisi. Varimi veMbatatisi veIdaho vanoramba vachiongorora nzvimbo yeruzivo uye nekukasira kuramba ruzivo rwenhema nezve njodzi yembatatisi sechikafu chigadzirwa. Vanoenderera mberi kubva pachokwadi chekuti meseji imwe neimwe yakaipa inofanirwa kuderedzwa neakanaka mana - pane imwechete nyaya uye pane imwecheteyo ruzivo nzira. Kunyomba kweFiristia-amateurish kupokana nembatatisi kunogara kuchitaurwa nevamwe vezvekudya pasi rese, munzvimbo nhatu huru:
Kudzvinyirirwa kweropa/hypertension. Iyo US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) yakabvumidza chikumbiro che kubatsirwa potassium yehutano uye normalization yeropa. Tichifunga nezve yakakwira potassium yemukati uye yakaderera sodium yemukati, mbatatisi inogona kuve chikafu chakanakira kurapa hypertension. Zvisinei, imwe ongororo yezvokurapa yakagumisa kuti kunyanya kudyiwa kwembatatisi dzakabikwa, dzakabikwa, uye fries kunotungamirira kungozi yokuva neBP. Kunyatsoongorora zvakabuda muchidzidzo ichi kwakaratidza kuti hapana hwaro hwemhedziso yakajeka yakadaro. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kushamwaridzana kwakanaka pakati pekudya mbatatisi uye kukura kwehypertension kwakaonekwa chete muvakadzi, nepo kuvandudzwa kwakaonekwa muvarume. Pamusoro pezvo, kutsiva mbatatisi nemiriwo isina-starchy kwaibatsira chete kumapoka maviri evakadzi; muvarume zvakawedzera njodzi yehypertension. Uye kutsiva mbatatisi nemimwe miriwo ine starchy (pizi, bhinzi, chibage uye mbatatisi) hazvina kuderedza njodzi yehypertension mune chero boka.
Kudzora uremu / kufutisa. Mbatatisi muchimiro chadzo chakajairika chirimwa chemuriwo chine macalorie mashoma ane simba rinosvika 90 kcal pa100 g yehuremu mbishi (inofananidzwa nekoriori yemukati yemakarotsi, makabheji, uye beet). Iyo calorie yemukati yembatatisi inowedzera kakawanda kupfuura kana yakakangwa mumafuta kana mafuta. Saka, machipisi ane calori inokwana 450 Kcal pa100 g, asi inenge 30% yehuremu hwavo inogarwa nemafuta emichero.
Tinocherechedzawo kuti kuwana simba nemunhu ane chikafu ndicho chinangwa chikuru uye zvinoreva kudya. Dambudziko rekufutisa harisi kukonzerwa nekuvapo kwemakoriyumu, asi nekuwanda kwesimba rinopedzwa muchikafu pamusoro pekushandisa simba. Vanhu vane mararamiro ekugara vanofanira kuziva nekuziva mbatatisi yakabikwa uye mbatatisi yakakanyiwa mukudya kwavo, uye kuisa fries sendiro dzezororo.
Zvisinei, paInternet unogona kuwana zviri nyore izvo zvinonzi zvidzidzo zveBritish masayendisiti, kuisa mbatatisi pamwe chete neshuga-ine zvinwiwa uye yakagadzirwa nyama tsvuku. Varimi vembatatisi muIdaho vanofanirwa kuramba mhedziso dzakashinga zvakadaro.
Glycemic mhinduro / Type 2 chirwere cheshuga. Nekuda kwehuwandu hwavo hwecarbohydrates uye inofungidzirwa yakakwira glycemic index (GI), mbatatisi haingowanzo kuganhurirwa mukudya kwechirwere cheshuga, asi zvakare yakataurwa sechikonzero chechirwere. Nekudaro, hapana zvidzidzo zvekiriniki / zvekuyedza zvinoratidza hukama hwakadaro hwechikonzero. Nekudaro, vamwe vanyori vakawana mhedziso yekuti mbatatisi (kusanganisira yakabikwa, yakabikwa, yakaomeswa uye mafrench fries) yakabatana nenjodzi yerudzi rwechipiri chirwere cheshuga, uye inotaura mbatatisi GI senzira inogona kuwedzera njodzi. Ongororo yakazvimiririra yakazvimiririra yemhedzisiro yechidzidzo ichi yakaratidza kuti kana body mass index (BMI) yakamboverengerwa mumuenzaniso wehuwandu uye ichidzorwa secofactor, mubatanidzwa hauna kuramba wakakosha pakubikwa, kubikwa, kana mbatatisi yakakanyiwa. Kudzora kweBMI kwakakosha nekuti kufutisa/kufutisa ndiyo inonyanya kuisa njodzi yerudzi rwechipiri chirwere cheshuga. Izvo zvaifanirawo kucherechedzwa kuti vanyori havana kutora zvimwe zvinhu zvekudya zvinogona kutsanangura hukama uhu, kunyanya nyama tsvuku.
Kana iri iyo glycemic index pachayo, iyo inoratidza chiyero chekuenzanisa chekuparara kwestarch muglucose mudumbu revanhu, kune mbatatisi inosiyana zvakanyanya zvichienderana nerudzi rwekubika uye nzira yekushandisa. Huwandu hweGI hunotangira kubva pakati (yakabikwa mbatatisi dzvuku inodyiwa inotonhora: 56) kusvika pakakwirira (Russet yakabikwa mbatatisi: 77) kusvika kumusoro (pakarepo mbatatisi yakakanyiwa: 88; yakabikwa tsvuku mbatatisi: 89). Imwe ongororo yakatarisa GI yemhando sere dzembatatisi muUK uye yakawana huwandu hwe56 kusvika 94. Chimwezve chinhu: French fries ine GI yakaderera pane yakabikwa mbatatisi.
7. Kuzivisa vatengi nezvehutano hwakanaka hwemapatata. Mhedzisiro yembatatisi pahutano hwevanhu yakambove isingatarisirwi (ichienzaniswa nenhamba yemiriwo). Asi ine yakanyanya kuwanda kweakakosha phytonutrients ane biological chiitiko chinogona kurwisa kukura kwezvirwere zvisingaperi. Parizvino, miedzo yekiriniki yakaratidza kuti kugara uchinwa mbatatisi kune hypocholesterolemic uye anti-inflammatory effects, kunobatsira kuderedza njodzi yegomarara, chirwere cheshuga, uye kufutisa.
8. Kuzivisa vatengi nezvekubata kwakakodzera kwembatatisi: kuchengetedza sei, kudzivirira kusvibira, kumera, kuderedza uremu. Semuenzaniso, verbatim pamusoro peiyo greening: Chlorophyll uye glycoalkaloids inongowanikwa mumbatatisi. Kuratidzwa kwembatatisi kuchiedza mumunda, mukuchengetedza, pamasherufu ezvitoro zvegirosari, kana kumba kunogona kukonzera green pigmentation pamusoro pembatatisi. Uku "kusvibirira" kunokonzerwa nekuumbwa kwechlorophyll, pigment inowanikwa mune zvakawanda zvezvirimwa zvekudya, kusanganisira lettuce, sipinashi, uye broccoli. Mbatata, iyo inowanzodyiwa, ine solanine shoma. Iwo epamusoro mazinga e glycoalkaloids anowanzo kuwanikwa munhungirwa, maruva, mashizha, kana zvimwe zvinoshingaira zvikamu zve tuber, izvo zvisiri zvikamu zvembatatisi zvinowanzodyiwa nevanhu. Kuwanda kweglycoalkoloids kwakakwira mumatato asina kuibva uye kunoderera sezvo tuber inokura nekukura. Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti zvirongwa zvekuberekesa mbatatisi zvakakonzera kuburitswa kwekutengesa kwemitsara yembatatisi chete ine yakaderera solanine yemukati. Iyo FDA inoona iyo yakanyanya kubvumidzwa glycoalkaloid yemukati kuve 20-25 mg / 100 g nyowani huremu hwembatatisi. Semuenzaniso, avhareji yehuturu inopindura muvanhu kune glycoalkaloids ndeye 3 mg/kg uremu hwemuviri (renji 1-5 mg/kg uremu hwemuviri). Tichifunga kuti mbatatisi ine glycoalkaloids padanho rinokurudzirwa re200 ppm, munhu ane 80 kg (176 lb) aifanira kudya kilogiramu yakazara yezvikamu zvembatatisi zvakakanganisika pakushumira kukonzeresa kuita muchetura. Uyewo cherechedza kuti mbatatisi dzine mazinga akakwirira eglycoalkaloids ichava nekuvava, kunakidza kuravira. Kuti kuderedze kuumbwa kweglycoalkaloids mumapatatisi panguva uye mushure mekukohwa, zvigadzirwa zvinofanira kuchengetwa munzvimbo inotonhorera, ine rima. Kana iwe ukaona nzvimbo yakasvibirira pambatatisi, cheka iyo; iyo huru chikamu chechigadzirwa chakakodzera kudyiwa.
Iyo Idaho Potato Growers Association inoshandisa yakadzikama uye inovaka maitiro ekuratidzira. Uye anoita nharo, achitaura zvinyorwa zvesayenzi zvine chiremera zvemashoko pamusoro pehurukuro.
9. Inogara yakagadziridzwa mabikirwo emidziyo yembatatisi. Izvi ndizvo chaizvo, iyo huru block yeruzivo kune vatengi. Iwo mawebhusaiti emasangano anorima mbatatisi uye mazhinji mabhizinesi anogadzira mbatatisi ane yakakura zvikamu zvekubika zvine akadzama mabikirwo, mafoto akanaka edhishi rembatatisi uye masevhisi. Ivo vanogara vachizadzwa uye kushambadzirwa, kusanganisira padanho rekutengesa mbatatisi muzvitoro.
10. Kugadzira sangano rekutengesa mbatatisi. Zvinorudziro zvezvitoro zve2023:
- kukurudzira mbatatisi yakakurumbira;
- gadzira mifananidzo yekushambadzira mumatani matsvuku-tsvuku (inobatsira kuwedzera kutengesa ne13%);
- isa zviziviso pazviratidziro muzvitoro zvikuru (kuwedzera kwekuwedzera kwekutengesa ne22%, maererano neIPC);
- shandisa IPC zviratidzo mukugadzirwa kwenzvimbo yekutengesa (sechiyeuchidzo kune mutengi nezve Idaho mbatatisi);
- shandisa mukushambadzira mufananidzo wemapakeji ane zvigadzirwa (zvidimbu, kuitira kuti vatengi vasawane fungidziro yekuti mbatatisi inotengeswa chete yakawanda);
- ita kuti marongerwo embatatisi akasiyana (Idaho mbatatisi yakawanda kupfuura Russet);
- ronga makwikwi kune vanoda mbatatisi (makwikwi anowedzera zvitoro traffic).
Idaho Potato Growers Association inopa mari kumitambo yembatatisi, inoronga gungano remotokari rinogara riri muUnited States pane mega-trailer inoratidzira tabhu yembatatisi, uye marotari akasiyana ane mibairo yevatengi vanoshanda mbatatisi. Uye haatarisiri kuti mbatatisi dzakanaka dzizvitengese, izvo zvatichiri kutarisira. Varimi vekuRussia mbatatisi vanofanirwawo kutevera nzira iyi. Mazhinji anobudirira ekutengesa matanho ekusimudzira ari kupfuura kugona kwechero bhizinesi rega. Naizvozvo, chekutanga chekutanga kuita pfungwa 2 (ona pamusoro).
Sergey Banadysev, Chiremba weAgricultural Sciences Sci., Doka - Gene Technologies LLC