Indasitiri yechikafu chembatatisi muChina iri kusimukira nekukurumidza. Zvinoenderana neakasiyana masosi, kubva ku10 kusvika ku20% yechirimwa chakazara inotumirwa kunogadziriswa gore rega. Zvigadzirwa zvikuru zvinogadzirwa sitachi, mbatatisi yakapera mvura (mafurati embatatisi neupfu), machipisi uye mafrench akaomeswa nechando.
Starch
Nzira huru yekugadzira mbatatisi kugadzirwa kwembatatisi starch. Kukosheswa kwe starch kunokonzerwa nezvikonzero zviviri: chekutanga, inoshanda seyakagadzirwa kuti iwedzere kugadziriswa, uye chechipiri, kugadzirwa kwestarch ndiyo nzira huru yekushandisa machubhu asingakwanisi kutengeswa matsva (madiki, akaremara).
Yakawanda starch inogadzirwa muGansu uye Inner Mongolia. Nzvimbo huru dzekugadzira dziri muGansu (yekugadzira vhoriyamu -788 matani pagore), anopfuura 600 matani e starch pagore anogadzirwa nemabhizinesi muInner Mongolia.
Iyo yakakura kwazvo inogadzira starch yembatatisi muChina iInner Mongolia Nailun Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd., ine simba rekugadzira rematani zana pagore.
Kune matatu mafekitori estarch embatatisi muChongqing, maviri acho anogadzirisa sitachi inoguma kuita ma noodles, ayo anogadzirisa dambudziko revashandi rinokonzerwa nemwaka wakasimba wekugadzirisa sitachi.
Miti yakati wandei (parizvino sere) inogadzira zvese zviri zviviri sitachi yembatatisi uye yakagadziridzwa starch uye inoshandisa yakanyorova starch (isati yaoma) kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvakagadziridzwa, zvichibatsira kudzikisa mitengo yekuomesa.
Hunhu hwekugadzira mbatatisi yakagadziridzwa starch munyika ndeye 458 matani pagore. Iine mafekitori mana uye huwandu hwekugadzira huwandu hwe000 matani pagore, Gansu ndiro dunhu rakanyanya.
Kugadzirwa kwestarch yakagadziridzwa muChina kwave kuchiitwa kubva kuma80s, kunyanya kuburikidza nemuviri, kemikari, enzymatic kana kushandiswa kwakasanganiswa kwemaitiro akasiyana kushandura maitiro echisikigo starch.
Sekureva kweChina Starch Indasitiri Association, anopfuura zviuru zviviri zvemhando dzezvakagadziridzwa sitachi zviri kugadzirwa munyika, kusanganisira oxidized starch, acid yakagadziridzwa starch, cationic starch, cyclodextrin, uye dialdehyde starch.
Muna 2019, iyo yakazara kugadzirwa kweyakagadziridzwa starch muChina yaive 1 matani. Mhando dzestarch yakagadziridzwa ine goho rinodarika 757 matani zvinosanganisira yakaoma yakagadziridzwa starch, oxidized starch, cationic starch, acetate starch, phosphate starch uye pregelatinized starch ine goho re800 tons, 100 tons, 000 kusvika 319 tons,200 tons279 ns uye 600 matani zvichiteerana. Kubuda kwezvinhu zvitanhatu izvi kunosvika 219% yehuwandu hwekugadzirwa kwestarch yakagadziridzwa.
Kugadzirwa kwe starch yakagadziridzwa muChina kunonyanya kutariswa mumatunhu eShandong, Guangxi, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Jiangsu neJiangxi, ayo anodarika makumi masere neshanu muzana ezvakabuda. Muna 85, kugadzirwa kweakagadziridzwa starch muShandong Province kwakasvika zviuru mazana matanhatu nemakumi mashanu nenomwe. Kune mabhizinesi mana anoshanda mudunhu rino ane huwandu hwepagore hunopfuura 2019 matani, achiverengera 656,6% yehuwandu hwakagadziridzwa starch. Pakati pavo, kubuda kweGuangxi Nongken Mingyang Biochemical Group Co., Ltd. i100 matani (000% yehuwandu hwekugadzirwa kwenyika).
Mutengi mukuru weyakagadziridzwa starch iChinese mapepa indasitiri, iyo inoverengera makumi mashanu nesere muzana yehuwandu hwekushandisa kweyakagadziridzwa starch.
Modified starch inoshandiswawo zvakanyanya neindasitiri yechikafu, ichiverengera 18% yehuwandu hwekushandisa kweyakagadziridzwa starch muChina. Starch inoshandiswa kugadzira ma noodles ekare, ham soseji, yoghurts uye masosi akasiyana.
China inotengesa kunze kwenyika yestarch yakagadziridzwa, kunyanya muchimiro chedextrin uye imwe yakagadziridzwa starch. Kutengeswa kweChina kunze kweiyo yakagadziridzwa starch yakasvika matani mazana matatu nemakumi matanhatu nenomwe muna 2019, yakakwira 369% kubva pagore rapfuura, sekureva kweChina Starch Industry Association.
Matambudziko makuru ekugadzirwa kwe starch ane chekuita nenyaya yekuti bhizinesi iri rinoshandisa mabhizinesi madiki akawanda ane huwandu hwegore husingasviki zviuru gumi zvematani, izvo zvinoomerwa nekuunza tekinoroji yemazuva ano nemidziyo panguva yakakodzera, kuzadzisa izvo zvinogara zvichiomesa zvinodiwa. zvezvakatipoteredza uye zvemitero. Nzira chete yekubuda kwavari, kubva pakuona kwehurumende, kubatana nekuwedzera chiyero chekugadzira.
French fries
Iyi chikamu chekugadzirisa mbatatisi ndiyo inokurumidza kukura muChina.
Kugadzirwa kweChina kwemafiritsi akaomeswa nechando aive matani makumi matanhatu nenhatu muna 2006 uye akakwira kusvika matani 63 muna 000. Ivhareji yepamusoro yekukura kwegore negore yaiva 2015% muna 318. Muna 000, nekuda kwekugadziriswa kwechikamu chemabhizinesi ekunze, chiyero chekugadzirwa kweFrench fry muChina chakadzikira zvishoma. Muna 64,36, huwandu hwegore hwekugadzira hwaive matani 2010 nekukura kwe2016%.
Vatengi vakuru veFrench fries muChina maresitorendi echikafu chekuMadokero. Nyanzvi dzinofanotaura kuti nekuda kwekuwanda kwemadhorobha, huwandu hwezvitoro zvechikafu zvakadaro huchawedzera mukufamba kwenguva, izvo zvichakanganisawo musika wekushandisa zvigadzirwa. Ziva kuti kubva muna Kukadzi 2020, pakanga paine maresitorendi eMcDonald anodarika zviuru zvitatu nemazana mashanu uye maresitorendi mazana matanhatu nemazana matanhatu eKFC munyika.
Mamwe mafries akaomeswa nechando anotengwa kubva kuUS, asi musika uri kuratidza kudzikira kwekutenga. Saka muna 2020, kutengwa kunze kwenyika kwakadzikira nekukurumidza ne26% (chikonzero chikuru ndechekuti zvigadzirwa zvese zvekunze zvakaedzwa zvakakura-refu zveCovid-19, maresitorendi akamanikidzwa kuchinjira kuzvinhu zvemuno).
Kugadzirwa kwemafiritsi echiFrench muChina muna 2022/23 inofungidzirwa kusvika mazana mana ezviuru zvematani, yakaderera zvishoma pane gore rapfuura (400 matani) nekuda kwekuderera kwemhando yezvinhu. Sekureva kwemaindasitiri masosi, mapurosesa mazhinji akawedzera chibvumirano chembatatisi acreage kutanga kwa000 kuti asangane nekuwedzera kudiwa kwemba, asi kuwedzera uku kwakagadziriswa nemhando yakaderera mbatatisi.
Pakati paChikunguru naGunyana 2023, mitsetse mina mitsva yekugadzira yekugadzira fries inotarisirwa kutumirwa. Huwandu hwavo hwekugadzira huchasvika pakuwedzera 400000 matani, zvakapetwa kaviri huwandu huripo.
Yakadudzwa mwaka inogona kuverengerwa kumatambudziko egwara (pamwe neiyo yese indasitiri yekugadzira mbatatisi). Mazhinji emafekitori efry fry ari kuchamhembe monoculture zone, uko mbatatisi inokohwewa mumatsutso. Kuendesa mbatatisi kune izvi zvigadzirwa munguva kubva muna Kubvumbi kusvika Nyamavhuvhu kwakadzikira, sezvo zvisingaite nguva dzose kuchengetedza huwandu hwakakwana hwezvigadzirwa mumhando yakakodzera. Chikamu chemabhizinesi mu-off-season chinoshanda pazvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika.
Chips
Indasitiri yezvikafu muChina iri kukura zvakanyanya, mumakore gumi apfuura, maererano neBazi reCommerce rePRC, iyo indasitiri yakakura ne10%. Nenzira yakawanda, kufarirwa kwezvigadzirwa zvinogona kudyiwa pakufamba kunobatanidzwa nekukasira mukufamba kwehupenyu hwevanhu. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti mbatatisi machipisi anofanirwa kumira kukwikwidza kwakasimba nemamwe marudzi ezvikafu zvakapararira munyika. Uye zvakare, dambudziko repasi rose rechigadzirwa ndere kutarisisa kwevatengi kune "ane hutano snacking" zvinoenderana nehupenyu hwepasirese mararamiro ehutano.
Mafekitori embatatisi anonyanya kutariswa mudunhu reFujian (Dali Garden, Panpan, Qinqin (kusanganisira Pringles) nezvimwewo. Shanghai (Lay's neOishi) neBeijing (Orion) inzvimbo huru dzekugadzira machipisi embatatisi, vanogovana accounting ye22,59%. uye 12,91% yekutengesa kwenyika yose.
Dali Group ndiyo hombe mbatatisi chip bhizinesi muChina nekutengesa kwepagore kwe16 bhiriyoni yuan, inoverengera 34,42% yezvese kutengesa kwenyika. Dali Group ine masangano gumi nemasere mumatunhu gumi nematanhatu nematunhu ese munyika. Iyo Copico mhando yemachipisi embatatisi inogadzirwa kumakambani eDali gumi ari muQuanzhou, Chengdu, Jinan, Hubei, Jilin, Gansu, Maanshan, Shanxi uye Yunnan.
hupfu hwembatatisi
Hupfu hwembatatisi husina mvura chinhu chakakosha pakugadzira chikafu nekuti chinovaka muviri kudarika starch chaiyo. Pure starch-based noodles (uye zvigadzirwa zvakafanana) zvinongopa glucose kumuviri wemunhu, nepo zvigadzirwa zvembatatisi, senge mbatatisi yakakanyiwa yakagadzirwa kubva muupfu wembatatisi isina mvura, inochengetedza kukosha kwekudya kweiyo mbatatisi tuber, i.e. starch, protein, mavhitaminzi, dietary fiber uye zvicherwa [Camire et al. 2009]. Kugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri kwehupfu hwembatatisi yakaomeswa kwakakosha zvikuru mukugadzirwa kwezvakagadzirira-kudya zvine hutano uye zvine hutano zvigadzirwa zvembatatisi zvakakodzera vanhu vekuChina [Mu et al. 2017].
Zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvembatatisi
Mumakore achangopfuura, China yakawedzera kuunza shanduko mumabikirwo ezvigadzirwa zvechinyakare izvo zvakambogadzirwa pahwaro hwegorosi kana hupfu hwemupunga. Paunenge uchigadzira chingwa chakabikwa, flatbread, gorosi uye mupunga noodles, dumplings, hupfu hwembatatisi inowedzerwa kune yakajairwa seti yezvigadzirwa. Chinangwa chikuru chezvitsva ndechekuvandudza mhando uye kusiyana kwekudya kwevagari venyika.
Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti chingwa chakagadzirwa kubva mukanyiwa pamwe nekuwedzera kwehupfu hwembatatisi chakavandudza hutano uye hunhu hunoshanda [Blades et al. 2008]. Kuwedzera hupfu hwembatatisi kuhupfu hwegorosi kwanzi kunobatsira kuderedza mazinga e gluten uye kudzivirira matambudziko anoenderana nechirwere chechiliac [Ijah et al. 2015]. Panguva imwecheteyo, nyanzvi dzinogadzira resipi dzinoedza zvese kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti chigadzirwa chakagadziridzwa chinochengeta chitarisiko chayo uye kuravira. Nekudaro, zvinocherechedzwa kuti yakawandisa chikamu chembatatisi granules inogona kukanganisa rheological maitiro ehupfu [Xu et al. 2017]. Pakugadzira chingwa, zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa hupfu kubva kune mamwe marudzi embatatisi (Hunmei, Blue Congo, Shepodi uye Atlantic).
Parizvino, marudzi anopfuura mazana maviri ezvokudya zvembatatisi akagadzirwa muChina, uye mamwe acho akabudirira kutengeswa.
Kugadzirwa kwakawanda kwehuwandu hwezvigadzirwa zvitsva kunokanganiswa nekushaikwa kwehunyanzvi hwekuita uye michina, asi dambudziko iri riri kugadziriswa zvishoma nezvishoma. Muenzaniso ndeye mbatatisi starch noodle indasitiri yekugadzira mutsara wakagadzirwa nemaChinese masayendisiti uye mainjiniya. Zvigadzirwa zvinobva pamutsetse wegungano izvo, kune rumwe rutivi, zvinoenderana zvizere netsika dzechiChinese tsika, uye, kune rumwe rutivi, chigadzirwa chemazuva ano indasitiri yekugadzira mbatatisi [Chen et al. 2017]. Kubva pamaonero etekinoroji, mutsara wekugadzira noodles unofananidzwa nemitsara yekugadzira yefrench fries, mbatatisi isina mvura, starch, nezvimwe.
Kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweChina (mapurovhinzi akadai seChongqing, Sichuan, neGuizhou), kune mbatatisi yechinyakare yakagadzirira kubika iyo yakakosha kugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri. Iyo mbatatisi yakabikwa, yozochekwa kuita zvimedu zvakakora uye kupera mvura. Mhedzisiro yacho chigadzirwa chakajeka, chinotsenga chakafanana nedehydrated abalone, inowanzonzi "vegetable abalone". Iyi mhando yehafu-yapedzwa mbatatisi haingogadzirisi chete dambudziko rekuchengeta mbatatisi, asi zvakare, zvichibva pamaitiro ekudya kwevanhu vekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweChina, inogona kushandiswa kugadzira chikafu chinonaka kwazvo. Pane kudikanwa kwekugadzira yakasarudzika yekuomesa michina yekugadzira iyi mhando yemhando yepamusoro semi-yakapedzwa zvigadzirwa zvembatatisi kuti uderedze nguva yekupera mvura - "zuva kuomeswa".
By kupihwa tsvakurudzo Indasitiri Yekugadzira Mbatata muChina: Yazvino Mamiriro, Mafambiro Emangwana uye Global Impact; Zhao-jun Wang, Hong Liu, Fan-kui Zeng, Yan-chen Yang, Dan Xu, Yu-Ci Zhao, Xiao-feng Liu, Lovedeep Kaur, Gang Liu & Jaspreet Singh