Kubva 1991 (mushure mekudonha kweUSSR), China yakatora nzvimbo yekutanga pasirese maererano nenzvimbo yakadyarwa uye kugadzirwa kwembatatisi. Muna 2012, rekodhi mahekita 5,14 miriyoni akagoverwa kurima, kubva ipapo nzvimbo yakadzikira zvishoma nezvishoma. Kubva 2020, mbatatisi inogara mahekita 4,6 miriyoni (27% yenzvimbo inorimwa pasi rose pasi pezvirimwa), chirimwa chinodarika 90 miriyoni matani (24% yekugadzirwa kwepasirese).
Kune nzvimbo ina huru dzekugadzira mbatatisi munyika.
Northern Monoculture Zone (inotora 50% yenzvimbo yese yekurima mbatatisi). Inosanganisira matunhu eHeilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning uye Autonomous Dunhu reInner Mongolia. Apa ndipo panogadzirwa mbeu zhinji dzembatatisi. Kudzika kunoitwa mukupera kwaApril - kutanga kwaMay, kukohwa kunotora kubva munaSeptember kusvika munaOctober.
Southwestern zone yezvirimwa zvakasanganiswa (35% yenzvimbo yese yembatatisi). Inosanganisira matunhu eSichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, chikamu chematunhu eHunan, Hubei, Chongqing maseru, Tibet mudunhu. Mbatata inogadzirwa munzvimbo ino inonyanya kushandiswa kutsva. Kudyara kunoitwa kubva munaGunyana kusvika munaNovember, kukohwa - kubva munaFebruary kusvika Kubvumbi.
Central zone yekumhara kaviri (10% yenzvimbo yese yekurima mbatatisi). Inosanganisira matunhu eJiangxi, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Shandong neHenan. Chirimwa chabuda chinoshandiswa patsva uye kutengeswa kunze kwenyika. Kudyara kwechirimo kunoitwa kubva munaFebruary kusvika Kurume, kukohwa - kubva munaMay kusvika June. Autumn mbatatisi inodyarwa muna Chikunguru-August uye kukohwa muna Gumiguru-November.
Winter crop zone (5% yenzvimbo yese). Inosanganisira matunhu eGuangdong, Fujian, Guangxi uye Hainan. Mbatata dzinogadzirwa mudunhu rino dzakagadzirirwa kushandiswa patsva uye kutengeswa kunze kwenyika. Kudyara kunoitwa muna Gumiguru - Mbudzi, kukohwa - munaFebruary - Kurume.
Matunhu eSichuan, Gansu, Guizhou, Yunnan uye maneja weInner Mongolia ndivo vatungamiriri mukugadzira mbatatisi muChina, vachiverengera makumi matanhatu muzana ezvakabuda.
2022/23 mwaka zvabuda
Huwandu hwegoho rembatatisi nyowani mumwaka wa2022/23 (Gunyana kusvika Nyamavhuvhu) hunosvika 93 miriyoni matani, yakadzikira zvishoma pane mhedzisiro yegore rapfuura (95 miriyoni matani). Chakaita kuti muunganidzwa udzikire inyaya yekudzikira kwenzvimbo dzakadyarwa kudunhu rekuchamhembe, vamwe varimi vakaisa soya bhinzi pamberi, sezvo Hurumende yakaisa matanho akawanda ekukurudzira kukura kurimwa kwechirimwa ichi.
Zvinoenderana nemaindasitiri masosi, mhando yembatatisi nyowani mwaka uno yaive yakaderera pane yakajairika. Matambudziko anokonzerwa nekuoma kwemamiriro ekunze: muna Chikumi 2022, kunaya kwemvura yakawandisa mumatunhu ekuchamhembe, uye kuNortheast China uye kunyanya Inner Mongolia, kwakave nekushanduka kwekushisa kwemasikati nehusiku panguva yekukura.
Zvinoenderana neFrozen French Fry Exports Exceed Imports report, 2022 (USDA, GAIN)
Matarisiro
Masayendisiti anofanotaura kuti kudiwa kwechikafu kweChina kuchawedzera nematani anopfuura mamirioni zana pagore (CIP, 100), asi kuderera kwevhu rinorimika kunokonzerwa nekukasira kwekukura kwemaguta hazvikodzeri kuwedzera kugadzirwa kwezviyo kweChina (Burney et al., 2020; Gu et. al., 2010), uye mbatatisi inotarisirwa kuverengera makumi mashanu muzana ekuwedzera kwekugadzirwa kwechikafu mumakore makumi maviri anotevera (https://cipotato.org/crops/potato/). Kuwedzera kugadzirwa kwembatatisi hakuzove nyore, zvisinei, sezvo China inotungamira zviyo nembeu dzemafuta. Masayendisiti anoronga kugadzirisa dambudziko racho nokushandisa ivhu rinorimika munguva yechando, iro rinoramba rakarimwa pashure pokukohwa mupunga wanonoka kukohwa kumaodzanyemba kweChina (anenge mahekita mamiriyoni 2019). Inosvika chikamu chimwe muzvina chenyika ino inogona kushandiswa mbatatisi (Qu et al., 50).
Mune mishumo yepamutemo nezve tarisiro yekuvandudzwa kwekugadzirwa kwembatatisi muChina, zvinocherechedzwa kuti kugadzirwa kwezvirimwa mumakore masere anotevera kuchawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma: nzvimbo uye goho richakura neavhareji ye0,5 uye 1,3% pagore, zvichiteerana.
komenda
Dr. Hu Bai Geng, General Manager weXisen Potato Indastrial Group Company Limited
- Dunhu rekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweHeilongjiang uye chikamu chekumabvazuva kwematunhu eInner Mongolia anozivikanwa seakanyanya kukodzera kurima mbatatisi. Nzvimbo idzi dzinosiyaniswa nevhu rakaorera uye nemamiriro ekunze akanaka.
Mbatatisi dzinorimwa mukuchinjanisa zvirimwa nezvimwe zvirimwa. Rondedzero yavo inowanzo sanganisira chibage, gorosi, Chinese kabichi, girini hanyanisi, nezvimwe.
Late blight, black leg, verticillium wilt, bacterial wilt, nezvimwewo zvinonzi zvirwere zvembatatisi zvine ngozi zvikuru muChina.Rondedzero yetwumbuyu twunoda kudzorwa zvinosanganisira tumbuyu, hove, nezvimwewo.
Varimi vanoshandisa michina midiki yakagadzirwa neChina mubasa ravo. Vanopfuura 30% yevarimi vekurima vane vanodyara, 25% vanokohwa mbatatisi vachishandisa midziyo yekukohwa; makambani makuru embatatisi anoshandisa nzira iyi mumwaka wese wekukura, kudyara, kutarisira uye kukohwa.
Varimi vazhinji vanotengesa zvigadzirwa zvavo kuburikidza nemakambani epakati, uye vamwe varimi vanotengesawo mbatatisi mumisika yemuno. Varimi havape mbatatisi zvakananga kuzvitoro zvikuru, uye chikamu chidiki chete chembatatisi chakagadzirirwa kutengeswa.
Chikamu chekugadzirwa mushure mekukohwa chinoiswa kuti chichengetedzwe. MuChina, kune nzvimbo dzekuchengetera dzemazuva ano dzakakwana dzakashongedzerwa nemidziyo yekufemesa mweya uye mafiriji.
Iyo kambani Xisen Potato Industry Co. Ltd. ibhizimusi rekurima repamusoro-soro rinoita kupfuya mbatatisi, kugadzirwa kwembeu (kusanganisira mini-tubers), kusimudzira uye kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvekudya kubva mbatatisi. Hofisi yekambani iyi iri muLaoling City, Shandong Province.
Iyo kambani inorima mbeu mbatatisi muInner Mongolia neNorthern Hebei munzvimbo inosvika 26 mahekita. Pagore rinogadzira mahekita 667 embeu dzisina utachiona.
Huwandu hwakakosha hwembatatisi hunorimwa pakudiridza; bhizinesi rine maseti mazana masere emadhisheni ekudiridza anowanikwa. Kuchengetedza zvigadzirwa, zvivakwa zvemazuva ano zvekuchengetedza mbatatisi zvine huwandu hwe800 matani anoshandiswa. Iyo kambani gore negore inogadzira 450 zviuru matani embatatisi flakes.