PAKUDZIDZISWA KWEMAPATATU KUFUPA MUNA NOVOSIBIRSK REGION
Nei marudzi embatatisi akagadzirwa nevavaki veNovosibirsk achifadza? Ndeapi mabasa anozvisarudzira masayendisiti nhasi? Vanoongorora sei tarisiro yebasa ravo?
Magazini "Potato Sisitimu" yakanangana nemibvunzo iyi kune nyanzvi inozivikanwa nezvembatatisi, inotungamira muongorori weFederal Research Center "Institute of Cytology uye Genetics yeSB RAS", Anodaidzwa nezveSainzi Sayenzi Nikolai Polukhin.
Muna 1978, vafudzi veSiberia vakagadzira mhando dzakasiyana LINA: yakanyanya-kubvuma uye ichiri isingaenzaniswi mune yakazara chirwere kusagadzikana. Mbeu yemidziyo yemhando iyi iri kudiwa zvakanyanya, inenge iri "pamuzambiringa" yakatengwa nemapurazi eFar Eastern (kunyanya, kubva mudunhu reAmur). Varimi vanoti Lina chete ndiye anokwanisa kumira mutoro wegungwa: yakawanda mvura inonaya, inogara yakanyorova mwando uye, nekudaro, kunonoka kunaya.
Makore mashanu gare gare, mhando dzakabuda SAFO... Yakazviratidza pachayo chaizvo zvakanaka kana yakura pane zvako zvega nzvimbo: inonaka, hombe tubers. Vagari vezhizha vakazvitora nemufaro.
Asi ese ari maviri marudzi ari epakati-pekutanga, uye mumamiriro eSiberia, ekutanga acho ari kudiwa kwazvo. JNA: inoumba goho muna Chikunguru 20, uyu mugumisiro wakanaka kwazvo wemamiriro ekunze emuno. Inotevera budiriro yeNovosibirsk vafudzi ndeyakasiyana ZLATKA: yepakati-mwaka, nekuravira kwakanakisa (Adretta iri muropa rake, uye uyu mutungamiri asina kufananidzwa maererano nekuravira). Iyo zvakare ine goho repamusoro.
- Nikolai Ivanovich, mbatatisi chirimwa chakakosha kudunhu reNovosibirsk here?
Mbatatisi yakakosha kuRussia yese, hazvisi pasina kuti vanoidaidza kuti "chingwa chechipiri". Uye kune vagari veSiberia neFar East, aigara achishanda sechingwa chekutanga. Iyo mwero wekushandisa mbatatisi mumatunhu aya ichiri yakakwira kupfuura muUral uye chikamu cheEuropean chenyika.
Ndine chokwadi chekuti mbatatisi inonaka kwazvo inokura muSiberia, nekuti mamiriro ekunze enharaunda yedu anofarira kugadzirwa kwayo. Asi izvo zvinodikanwa zvechigadzirwa zvakare zvakakomba.
- Vaberekesi vane chavanoshanda here?
Zvirokwazvo. Uye isu takagara takateerera kutarisisa uku. Kuzadza mbatatisi mudunhu reNovosibirsk kwakatanga kuita makore anopfuura makumi mashanu apfuura. Iri basa rakatanga paInstitute, Galina Petrovna Shushakova.
- Varimi vazhinji mune zvemazuva ano vari kuyedza kuenderana nezvinodiwa nemaketeni ezvitoro uye pavanosarudza zvakasiyana siyana zvinotaridzika pakuonekwa, kukodzera kwekuchengetedza kwenguva refu, uye kwete pakunaka kwetubers. Vaberekesi veNovosibirsk vanofunga nezvechiitiko ichi here?
Kwenguva yakareba, kubereka kwedu hakuna kutarisisa maitiro ekunze (tuber chimiro, ganda ganda, kudzika kwemeso), saka mhando dzemuno dzaive dzakaderera mukuzivikanwa kune vamwe "vakanaka" vakwikwidzi vekunze.
Iye zvino vafudzi vari kuyedza kuchengetedza mabhenefiti eSiberian mbatatisi, achiwedzera zvishoma "kutengeserana" kubhengi renguruve. Nekudaro, iwo marudzi Sokur naAdar vari pasi pekuomesa kuyedzwa. Zvese zvinonaka uye zvakanaka, isu tine tarisiro yakakura kwavari.
Tiri kugadzirira mamwe maviri anovimbisa marudzi ekuchinjisa kumayedzo akasiyana siyana muna 2021: Alka uye musanganiswa 154 (zita racho harisati ragadzirwa).
- Ndeapi mamwe ma parameter ayo marudzi matsva eSiberia achasiyaniswa ne?
Isu tinoshanda kuti tione kuti marudzi edu anosiyaniswa nezvibereko zvakakwirira, kuravira kwakanyanya, kusagadzikana kwezvirwere, kukodzera kwekuchengetedza kwenguva refu.
- Izvo zvakarongwa kuvaka chirimwa chekugadzira machipisi ekambani mudunhu reNovosibirsk PepsiCo... Izvi zvinoreva kuti mhando dzekugadzirisa dzinenge dziri kudiwa. Iyi zvakare inzvimbo yakakosha yekuberekesa mudunhu here?
Mutsara wedu wemhando dzakasiyana unosanganisira iwo akakodzera kugadzirirwa muoma mbatatisi uye machipisi: Sappho, Zlatka, Lina. Uye, hongu, shanda mune ino divi ichaenderera, kunyangwe ichifanira kutarisirwa mupfungwa kuti kugadzira akasiyana ekugadzirisa ibasa rakaoma kwazvo.
- Iyo Siberia Yekutsvagisa Institute yekudyara Kwezvirimwa uye Kubereka ikozvino ibazi reFederal Research Center "Institute of Cytology uye Genetics yeSB RAS". Pane chero chinhu zvachinja mumabasa evaberekesi veiyo yekutsvagisa Institute mushure mekujoinha Federal Research Center?
Kwemakore mazhinji, basa rekuberekesa panzvimbo yekutsvagisa rakaitwa nenzira yechinyakare, yaive yakavakirwa kune interspecific uye intraspecific hybridization. Iye zvino tave takatamira padanho repamusoro. Pamwe chete nevashandi ve murabhoritari yekugadzirisa genomic kweInstitute of Cytology uye Genetics, isu tinoshandisa nzira dzesarudzo inotarisana nemaka. Kuisa idzi nzira zvinoshamisa kunokasira kuendesa kwemhedzisiro. Ini ndinofunga kuti gore rino tichave tichitoyedza mhando dzekutanga dzakagadzirwa tichishandisa tekinoroji iyi.
- Iyo Siberia Yekutsvagisa Institute yekudyara Kukura uye Kuberekesa inozivikanwa neyakaunganidzwa yayo yakawanda yemhando dzemazamu. Tiudze zvimwe nezvazvo.
Kuve neakawanda muunganidzwa wekutanga masampuli anotibvumidza isu kuitisa yakanangwa yakanangana nebasa rekubereka uye padanho repamusoro kwazvo. Yedu yekuunganidza nhamba 338 in vitro masampuli, pane mhando zana nemakumi masere neshanu, makumi mapfumbamwe neshanu dzakagadziriswa. Isu tinoshandisa zvakare "masvosve" mukusarudzwa, kwatinayo kune makumi matatu neshanu. Isu tinochengetawo masampuli 185 kubva kuVIR muunganidzwa (masampuli akagashirwa pasi pechirongwa cheKNTP "Kubudirira kwekubereka uye kugadzirwa kwembeu muRussia").
Zviwanikwa zvekuunganidza kwedu zvinowanzo shandiswa nevafudzi vemasangano esainzi eSiberia Federal District (Omsk, Kemerovo, Tomsk, Krasnoyarsk, nezvimwewo), kana vachida imwe fomu. ezvokunambira kunze kwomuviri waamai, tinogona kupa chero chero odha.
- VABEREKI veSIBNIIR vanogashira mbeu yepamusoro ye mbatatisi. Izvi zvigadzirwa zvinotengeswa sei?
Isu tinowanza mbeu yezvinhu kune vepamusoro-soro-vepamusoro uye tinotengesa zvigadzirwa izvi chete kumapurazi embeu. Munharaunda yeNovosibirsk tinoshandira pamwe nefemu yeAgros uye nekutsvagisa nekugadzira chikamu cheMichurinets SPH. Isu tinopawo mbeu kumabhizimusi embeu muAltai Territory nePrimorye.
Gore rino tinorima mbeu mbatatisi yemarudzi edu Lina naZlatka vari kutengeswa. Tinotanga kuwedzera Sokur zvishoma (tinovimba kuti ichave yakatemwa). Uye zvakare, isu tinowanza mhando dziri kudikanwa pakati pevarimi vembatatisi mudunhu uye varimi veminda: Rosara, Red Scarlett, Adretta, kune iyo yedu Institute ndiyo yakatanga. Isu tinotengesa chete zvakasimbiswa zvemhando yepamusoro zvinhu (zvitupa zvinopihwa neRussia Yezvekurima Center zvichibva pamhedzisiro yePCR ongororo ye tubers). Pasina izvi, hapana. Tine mitemo yakasimba kwazvo yekushandisa muSiberia.
- Iyo Siberian Yekutsvagisa Institute yekudyara Kwezvirimwa uye Kuberekesa inhengo yeiyo subprogram "Kubudirira kwekuzadza mbatatisi uye kugadzirwa kwembeu muRussia Federation" yeFederal Scientific uye technical Chirongwa chekuvandudza Kwekurima kwe2017-2025. Tiudze kuti ndeapi mabasa ari kutarisana nevafudzi uye chii chakakosha kutora chikamu muchirongwa ichi chesangano?
Basa redu guru ndere: kugadzira mhando dzakakwira-dzinopa ine hunhu hunosangana neazvino kugadzirwa uye kudiwa kwekushandisa, kuchengetedza uye kuwedzera muunganidzwa wesarudzo ezvokunambira kunze kwomuviri waamai uye mukati Vivo, Kugadzirwa kwekutanga zvinhu (minitubers) paaeroponic uye hydroponic kuisirwa muhuwandu hunovimbisa iyo yekudyara mbeu (muna 2019 - zviuru zviuru zvidimbu; muna 20 - 2020 zviuru zvidimbu, muna 23 - 2021 zviuru zvidimbu); kuve nechokwadi chekugadzirwa kwembeu mbatatisi yeiyo super-super-elite chikamu (muna 25 - 2020 matani, mumakore akatevera - 48 matani).
Ini ndinogona kucherechedza kuti kuiswa kwe subroutine kwakakosha kwazvo kwatiri. Sezvo tave vatori vechikamu vayo, takagamuchira rutsigiro rwakasimba kubva kuhurumende. Mari yemubhadharo yakashandiswa kumutsiridza zvakazara zvinhu uye hwaro hwehunyanzvi: vakavakazve iyo biotechnological laboratory, vakaisa aeroponic uye hydroponic kuisa kwekugadzira minitubers, vakatenga vanocheka, vagadziri vemakomo, mapuranti, uye mubatanidzwa. Isu tave kupedzisa kuvaka kwenzvimbo yekuchengetera yemazuva ano. Kuchengeta mbatatisi kuSibNIIRS nhasi kunoitwa padanho remazuva ano, uye vesaenzi vedu vane pfungwa yakasimba yekuti mbatatisi dzichiri kuremekedzwa zvakanyanya munyika medu.
LINA
Pakati pepakati giredhi. Zvibereko zvinotengeswa 213-496 c / ha. Iyo tuber iri denderedzwa. Meso mashoma muhuwandu, ari pakati-akadzika. Hwava hwachena. Kurema kweiyo inotengeswa tuber ndeye 105-250 g. Iyo peel inotapira, yero. Wemukati starch 11,2-18,5%.
Kusagadzikana nekenza yemazamu uye phytophthorosis mumatopu uye tubers. Inobatwa negoridhe mbatatisi nematode.
Iyo tubers inokodzera kugadzirwa kwematata akaoma uye machipisi.
SAFO
Pakati pepakati giredhi. Zvibereko zvinotengeswa 183-395 c / ha. Iyo tuber iri denderedzwa nemaziso madiki. Iyo mbiru yakajeka beige. Iyo pulp inotapira. Kurema kweiyo inotengeswa tuber ndeye 111-232 g. Iyo starch yemukati iri 12,7-16,7%.
Kuramba kune causative mumiriri wembatatisi kenza, yendarama mbatata cyst nematode, yakaunyana uye yakasungwa mosaic, mashizha-anokungura hutachiona. Iyo tubers inokodzera kugadzirwa kwemapatata akaoma uye machipisi.
Zlatka zvakasiyana Sokur akasiyana
ZLATKA
Pakati-mwaka musiyano. Zvibereko zvinotengeswa 162-406 c / ha.
Iyo tuber inotenderedzwa nevhareji kudzika kwemeso. Iyo peel yero. Iyo pulp yakajeka yero. Iko kuwanda kweiyo yekutengesa tuber ndeye 109-160 g. Iyo starch yemukati iri 15,7-18,0%.
Nemishonga kuti mbatatisi kenza, wrinkled waMosesi uye mashizha mupumburu utachiona. Zvine mwero zvinokanganisa kumusoro uye zvine mwero zvinodzivirira kunonoka kunaya mune tubers. Inobatwa nematode.
Iyo tubers inokodzera kugadzirwa kwematata akaoma uye machipisi.
SOKUR
Pakati pepakati giredhi. Icho chiri pasi pehurumende dzakasiyana kuyedzwa.
Iyo tuber ine denderedzwa muchimiro, ine maziso epamusoro. Peel racho rakatsvuka. Iyo pulp yero.
Iyo ine yakakwira starch yezvinhu uye inopesana nezvirwere zvehutachiona.
JNA
Mhando dzakatanga kuibva. Zvibereko zvinotengeswa 196-360 c / ha.
Iyo tuber yakatenderera-yakatenderera nemaziso madiki. Iyo mbiru yakajeka beige. Iyo pulp yakajeka yero. Inotengeswa tuber uremu 110-200 g.
Wemukati starch 14,3-15,1%.
Kuramba kune causative mumiriri wembatatisi kenza, yendarama mbatata cyst nematode, yakaunyana uye yakasungwa mosaic, mashizha-anokungura hutachiona.