Ekaterina Kudashkina, Mumiriri weSainzi Zvekurima
Nyanzvi dzinodaidza mbatatisi chimwe chezvirimwa zvinopa mari. Mumwaka wa2021, purofiti yekurima mbatatisi yasvika padanho repamusoro nekuda kwekuwedzera kwemutengo wemusika wezvigadzirwa. Asi havasi vese vanogona kuwana goho rakavimbiswa remhando yepamusoro mbatatisi: chirimwa chinoda kuisirwa zviwanikwa zvakawanda, kusanganisira kushandiswa kwezvinodhura gadziriro yekudyisa nekudzivirira mukati memwaka wese wekukura. Mari iyi inoruramiswa sei?
Mu2020-2021 gore tiri mukambani Agroliga LLC vakaita zvidzidzo zvemumunda zvakati wandei uye vakagadzira zvirongwa zvekuyedza kuona goho repamusoro rembatatisi nekudzoka kwakazara pakudyara.
Muchikamu chino, tichaongorora kudiwa uye mhedzisiro yekutangwa kwechirongwa chekudyisa mbatatisi yeArizona ware negadziriro dzekugadzirwa kweSpanish kwekambani yeAgritecno.
Mune 2021 gore chirongwa chekudya mbatatisi chakaitwa pahwaro hweK (F) X Yuzefov Nikolay Nikolaevich. (Rostov nharaunda, Semikarakorsk dunhu). Bhizinesi rinosanganisirwa muTOP-10 yakakura mbatatisi mapurazi muRussia. Kuuya pano, iwe unonzwa kuti iyi purazi iri matanho matatu pamberi pevamwe vakawanda: boka rinoshanda rakatendeseka, zviratidzo zvemarudzi ose zvakakwirira. Muridzi webhizinesi, Nikolai Nikolaevich Yuzefov, akatipa saiti yekuyedza yekubatana mumunda wekutsvaga. Ane chinzvimbo chinoshamisa: "Hazvina kukosha kwete kuti akasimudza mangani, asi kuti akadyisa vangani."
Basa guru raive rekuwana goho remhando yepamusoro ware mbatatisi ine kudzoka kwakanaka pakudyara uye kuwedzera purofiti.
Zviyedzo zvemumunda nekushandiswa kweAgritecno gadziriro dzakaitwa panzvimbo ye40 hectares, Arizona mbatatisi dzairimwa pakudiridza pamusoro. Gorosi remuchando ndiro rakatangira mumunda uyu. Mumatsutso, 600 kg/ha yediammofoska yakashandiswa pakurima, ichiteverwa nekugadzirwa kwemikova. Muchirimo, tisati tadyara, diammophoska 200 kg/ha yakaunzwa, isati yasvika - ammonium nitrate 150 kg/ha.
Chirongwa chechiitiko chemumunda chinopiwa patafura Nha
Nekugadzirira kurapwa kwemachubhu, kuwedzera kune mishonga yezvipembenene uye fungicides inoshandiswa nepurazi, gadziriro yeTekamin Rais Plus uye Controlfit Cu yakashandiswa.
Zvakanakira mushongaTekamin Rais» nokuti mbatatisi iri mukuti panguva yekudyara kusati kwadyarwa inokurumidza kuumbwa kwemidzi ye tuber, iyo inopa yakazvimirira chirimwa chikafu.
Mushonga "Controlfit Cu» (mhangura) yakagadzirirwa kuwedzera kupikisa kwemiti kune zvirwere zvefungal uye zvirwere zvebhakitiriya, izvo zvinonyanya kukosha padanho rekumera kwe tuber. Pamusoro peiyo fungicidal chiito, mhangura inomutsa maitiro e photosynthesis muzvinomera zvinomera. Hunhu hwe "Controlfit Cu" ndehwekuti chinhu chinoshanda chinofamba nemu xylem ne phloem, chichidzivirira chirimwa (kureva copper gluconate ndiyo chete nzira yekuvapo kwemhangura mukati mechirimwa). Iyo fetiraiza haina analogues muRussia uye ine 100% yakanakira zvakatipoteredza.
"Kudzora Cu» Yakashandiswawo kune mamwe marapirwo panguva yekukura, kuyerwa kwakasiyana zvichienderana nechikamu chekukura kwechirimwa: yekupfekedza machubhu uye munguva yekubuda kwemaruva, 1 l/ha yakashandiswa, uye panguva yekutungira kukuru, 2 l/ha. Ndinocherechedza kuti chikamu chekukura kwevanhu vakawanda chakaitika panguva yekuparara kwemamiriro ekunze munharaunda yedu - kwainaya zvakanyanya, uye misoro yemapatata yainyanya kunetseka nekuda kwemvura.
Imwe kukosha kwakakosha kwemushongaControlfit Cu» - kuenderana nefungicides uye zvipembenene. Varimi vazhinji vanotya kuwedzera mhangura kukurapa kwavo tuber uye kupfapfaidza zvinomera. Kubva pane zvakaitika kwandiri, ndinoda kusimbisa kuti mushure mekunge basa raitwa, kwete muchikamu chekugadzirisa kana mutangi yekuputira mvura inodonha. Tave tichishanda negadziriro iyi pambatatisi kwemakore maviri ikozvino, uye inogara yakagadzikana. Chakavanzika chiri nyore - kuumbwa kwakanaka kwemushonga uye kutevedzana kwakaringana pakusanganisa - "Controlfit Cu» kuwedzera kumvura yakagadzirirwa pamberi peSZR, sezvo iri gadziriro yehupenyu.
Muchirongwa chikuru, mushure mekurapwa kwemachubhu, pamwe nemishonga yezvipembenene, mafetireza anotevera akawedzerwa kune foliar chikafu chembatatisi:
1. "Tekamin Max Plus» - yakashandiswa mune dzinenge nhanho dzese dzekuvandudza mbatatisi, chete dosage yakachinja. Dzakashandiswa zvishoma nezvishoma ka6 pa 0,5 l/ha, inokwana 3 l/ha panguva yekukura. Mushonga unoshandiswa kumutsa kukura uye kukura kwetsika, kudzivirira kudzivirira (kana kushungurudzika kunoitika mushure mekurapa nemishonga. "Tekamin Max") uye inodzorera zvirimwa mushure memamiriro ezvinhu anonetsa (kana kurapwa kwaive mushure mekunetseka kwemamiriro ezvinhu). "Tecamin Max Plus" haingosanganisi chete nezvimwe zvakakosha zvikamu zvekupfeka kwefoliar, kuwedzera mhedzisiro yavo, asi zvakare inowedzera musanganiswa wemushonga nemaamino acids anodiwa kune zvinomera, uye zvakare inopa chirimwa nekutakurwa kwemaminerari anovaka muviri. Kuonekwa kwekushandiswa kwe "Tekamin Max Plus" inoratidzwa zvakanyatsonaka mukukura kwechikamu chemuchadenga chechirimwa, kuwedzera kwekusimba kwemavara emashizha uye mukutaridzika kwakanaka kwegwenzi. Mhedzisiro yekuvandudzwa kwehuwandu hwemashizha ndeyekuumbwa kwegoho guru.
Mushonga wakanyatsoenderana nemamiriro ekunze nekuda kwechirimwa mavambo. Iyo yakawedzera yemukati yezvinhu organic (60%) uye yemahara L-amino acids yemuriwo mavambo (12%) inosimudzira kukura kwezvirimwa, inomhanyisa kukura kwemachubhu uye inovandudza mhando yavo, izvo zvinozoita kuti zvikwanise kuwana homogeneous mbatatisi chikamu. .
2. "Teknokel Amino B (boron) Uyezve" - muchikamu chebudding - kutanga kwemaruva 1 l / ha yekukura kwemashizha uye midzi yemidzi, kudzivirira kwegororo, pamwe nekudya kwakakwana, sezvo kushayikwa kwayo kunoderedza kunwa kwenitrogen uye calcium. Isu takabatsira"Teknokel Amino B» iri panguva ino yakaoma yezvirimwa zvembatatisi, sezvo boron iri zvese fetiraiza uye nzira yekudzivirira kubva kune phytophthora.
Kuparadzaniswa, ini ndichasimbisa: nekuda kweiyo patented FASTB tekinoroji© ️ iyo organic molecule yemushonga "Teknokel Amino Bor Plus" inodzivirira kusungirirwa kweboron kune membrane yesero uye inoita kuti ifambe, ichidzivirira kuwedzera kushomeka kweboron.
3. "Teknokel Amino Sa (calcium) Uyezve» - chikamu 1 l/ha kubva pakupera kwemaruva kusvika pakati penguva yekukura kwe tuber, kuitira kuvandudza kunaka kwepeel uye kuchengetedza kunaka, nokuti kukohwa kwakarongwa kuisa. Advantage "Teknokel Amino Sa» ndizvo chaizvo kuti ine boron. Boron inobatanidzwa mukufamba kwecalcium mumiti; calcium pachayo haishande.
4. "Teknokel Amino Mix (sanganisa) Kuwedzera" - 1 l/ha kubvisa kushomeka kwemicronutrient uye kuwedzera kudzivirira kwezvirimwa panguva yekukura kwetibhu. Iyi yakazara micronutrient kushomeka kwegadziriso ine emahara amino acids echirimwa mabviro anobatsira kudzivirira yakarembera nzara yezvirimwa muchikamu chekubereka, inoshanda kuburikidza neiyo enzyme system uye inosimudzira kukura kwechirimwa uye kusimukira kwenhengo dzinobereka.
5. "Controlfit RK" (potassium phosphite) - 1 l/ha yekuvandudza chigadzirwa chemhando uye kuwedzera kurwisa zvirwere zvefungal. Iyo inokurumidza sosi ye phosphorus-potassium kudya, ine 30% phosphorus uye 20% potassium.
Chiitiko chedu chakasiyanawo pakuti isu takashandisa organic gadziriro "Agriful A plus" (5 l / ha muhuwandu hwemwaka wekukura, chikamu) - chepfuti 10-15 cm uye mushure memavhiki maviri.
Gore rakapfuura, mumagazini yePotato System No. 1/2021, ndakapa muenzaniso wekushanda kwayo. Dambudziko remunyu rinoenderana nemapurazi ese ane madiridziro, saka ndinokurudzira kutora fetereza iyi mukutenderera. Chii chinonzi simba re "Agriful"? Inoshandiswa kuberekesa semudzi biostimulant uye ivhu biofeed. "Agriful" haibvumiri ivhu kuti rive saline uye inoderedza maitiro ayo emagetsi kumativi emidzi.
Sei uchibhadhara zvakanyanyaAgriful"? Betaines mukuumbwa kwayo inobatsira kugadzirisa iyo osmotic pressure mukati memiti, nekudaro ichivandudza kuwanikwa kwezvinovaka muviri. "Agriful" inokurudzira kubatwa kwema macronutrients, uye izvi zvinonyanya kukosha mukutarisana nekukwira kwemitengo uye kusagadzika kwezvinhu zvemamineral fertilizer.
Fulvic acids uye organic zvinhu zvinoshanda kuwedzera kubereka kwezvirimwa. "Agriful" inogona kushandiswa zvose pakudiridza uye nekusasa. Takazora Agriful ine mahombe-drop nozzles (yeUAN) kaviri pa2,5 l/ha ine yekushanda fluid flow rate ye300 l/ha tobva tabatidza muchina wekudiridza. Uyewo nzira inofadza uye inoshanda - pakanga pasina kutsva, iyo yakachena organic matter. Zvirimwa zvakatora chikafu ichi zvakanaka. Kubva pakucherechedza - chimiro chevhu chakavandudzwa, pasi rave rakasununguka.
Sezvo mbatatisi ichida kurapwa kwakawanda pamwaka, kunaka kwekupfapfaidza kwakakosha. Kazhinji, varimi vanotarisana nedambudziko rekudzora pH nekuoma kwemvura.
Mvura yakaoma ine mhedzisiro yakaipa kwazvo pa:
- a.i. kushanda nesimba mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene (kunyanya, fungicides - iyi ndiyo imwe yemari yakakura yembatatisi): nekuda kwemvura yakaoma, vari pasi pe alkaline hydrolysis;
- sprayer nozzles: anovhara uye anonotsa maitiro ebasa.
Air conditioning inoshandiswa kugadzirisa matambudziko aya.Teknofit pH". Inosunga kuoma kwemunyu kuitira kuti irege kukonzera alkaline hydrolysis. "Teknofit pH" panguva imwe chete acidifies alkaline uye inonyorovesa mvura yakaoma, inoderedza kushushikana kwemvura, inovandudza kupinda kwemhinduro dzekushanda mupepa uye inobvisa kupupa.
Chiratidzo cheruvara chinopenya mvura kana iyo acidity level yachinja, izvo zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kuona dosi inodiwa pasina kushandisa yakakosha michina.
Ini ndichasimbisa: mune imwe neimwe nyaya yekushandisa imwe pesticide mukugadzirira kwekugadzirisa kushanda, panogona kunge kune zvinyengeri, saka iwe unoda kunyatsoverenga chinyorwa chemishonga imwe neimwe uye kushanda kuti uvandudze mvura. Iko kwatove netsika yakadai kunze kwenyika - iyo yakakwana pH yemhinduro yekushanda yakanyorwa pamagaba. Tinovimba kuti vagadziri veRussia vachauyawo kune izvi munguva pfupi.
Musi waAugust 24, 2021, pamwe chete nevamiririri vepurazi, takaita kudzora kuchera kubva ku 1,5 mutsara mamita, kuyera uye kuisa ma tubers (Fig. 1).
Takaonei? Goho rakakura repakati chidimbu chembatatisi muchirongwa chekuyedza. Pamberi pekukohwa mwedzi miviri - iyo tubers ichawedzera uremu.
Kucheneswa kwakaitwa muna Gumiguru 18-23, 2021.
Zvichienderana nemhedzisiro yekukohwa nzvimbo dzekuyedza nekudzora, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti nekuda kwechirongwa chitsva chekudya, takakwanisa kuchengetedza mamwe matani 4,9 pa1 ha papurazi. Chibereko chembatatisi kubva muchirongwa chekuedza chaiva 70,1 t / ha, kubva pachirongwa chekutonga - 65,2 t / ha (Table No. 2).
Tafura 2. Mbatatisi goho
Nzvimbo yakacheneswa, ha | Kuwanda kwezvinhu zvakakohwewa, t | Kugadzira, t / ha | |
Kudzora (20 ha) | 5,27 | 343,7 | 65,2 |
Zvakaitika (40 ha) | 8,25 | 578,4 | 70,1 |
Ndinoda kuratidza kutenda kwangu kwakadzama kumuridzi webhizinesi Nikolai Nikolaevich Yuzefov nevashandi vese vepurazi kuitira nzira yakatendeseka uye ine mutoro kune bhizinesi rakabatana. Sergey Alekseevich Voronov, Mutungamiriri Mukuru; Petr Yurievich Khmyz, murimi wembatatisi; Evgeny Vladimirovich Ustinov, agronomist, inyanzvi chaidzo mumunda wavo!
Mari yekuwedzera (mambure, kusasanganisa mari) panguva yekukohwa pakupera kwaGumiguru 2021 yakasvika 143 rubles/ha, nekudyara mukugadzirira kwe300 rubles/ha uye mutengo wembatatisi 13 rubles/kg.
Mhedziso: Chirongwa chekudya chinovaka muviri chakaita kuti zvikwanise kuwedzera mikana yezvirimwa, zvakapa mukana wekuwana zvikomborero zvese maererano nekugadzirwa uye hupfumi. Iyi inzvimbo nyowani yakavimbiswa yekukura kwepurofiti kune kambani yako zvakare.