Mbeu dzemhando yepamusoro ndeimwe yenzira dzekuwana goho repamusoro. Zvinotevera zviratidzo zvehutano zvakakosha: kuchena (kusavapo kwetsvina yezvimwe zvirimwa, sora, huni dzakaputsika, mashanga, nezvimwewo), simba rekumera, kumera, hunyoro, uye kusavapo kwembeu yakasvibiswa netupukanana nezvirwere. Kuve nedata iri padanho rekutanga kurima zvirimwa, mapurazi anogona kushandisa zviwanikwa zvawo nemazvo kuti awane goho repamusoro. Kugadzirira mbeu yemwaka unotevera kunotanga mushure mekukohwa. Chekutanga, hunyoro hwemhodzi kana ichizadzwa ichiongororwa mhodzi dzine hunyoro hwepamusoro dzinogona kuzvipisa (kupisa) panguva yekuchengetera, kugadzira, kuora uye kuumbwa. Kunoteverwa nekuwedzera kugadzirwa kwembeu kubva kutsvina yezvimwe zvirimwa, sora, tsanga dzakaputsika, mashanga nezvimwe zvinhu.
Kuongorora mhando yembeu, varimi vekurima vanogona kubata bazi reFederal State Budgetary Institution "Rosselkhoztsentr" muKrasnoyarsk Territory. Bazi iri rine madhipatimendi gumi nemasere neapakati-matunhu, anomiririrwa mumisha (madistrict) makumi maviri nerimwe edunhu. Kwemakore akawanda, nyanzvi dzedu dzanga dzichiongorora kunaka kwembeu uye nekupa mazano.
Kumera kwembeu uye kusimudzirwa kwembesa mumunda kunokanganiswa zvakananga nekusvibiswa kwembeu nezvirwere. Tine simba rekutanga rinotapukira kumashure, isu tichawana gare gare nhungirwa, isina simba zvirimwa panguva yekukura, kutapukirwa kwekutanga nezvirwere zvine hutachiona hwemhepo uye nemhepo. Phytoaanalysis yembeu inobatsira mapurazi zvine hunyanzvi kusvika pakurapwa kwembeu uye kuchengetedza mari.
Kubva 09.04.2024/158,32/1132, nyanzvi kubva kubazi reFederal State Budgetary Institution "Rosselkhoztsentr" muKrasnoyarsk Territory vakaongorora zviuru zana nemakumi mashanu nemakumi matatu nemazana matatu ezviuru zvematani (2023 batches) yembeu yezviyo nezvirimwa zvinomera kubva mugoho repurazi ra223 paXNUMX.
Zviyo. Nekuda kweiyo phytoexpertise, yakasimbiswa:
- chirwere chose chegorosi, bhari uye oats mbeu yakaderera 1,2 nguva kudarika gore rapfuura - 20,0, 16,9% uye 16,5%, maererano;
- kutapukirwa kwembeu yezviyo nemidzi yakaora haipfuuri muganhu wekukuvadza we15%. Huwandu hwezvirwere pazvirimwa hwaive: 8,2% - gorosi, 7,1% - bhari uye 3,3% - oats, iyo yakaderera kupfuura nhamba dzegore rakapera rezuva rimwe chete.
- helminthosporium uye fusarium midzi inoora inooneka pambeu, nepo kubatwa kwembeu kuri 1,4 uye 2,1 nguva yakaderera kupfuura gore rapfuura, maererano;
- smut spores yakawanikwa mu7% yezviyo zvakaongororwa mbeu. Mbeu yezviyo zvezviyo inotapukirwa nesmut, kunyanya kusvika kune imwe nzvimbo isina simba;
- mbeu yegorosi inonyanya kusvibiswa ne durum smut muboka rekumabvazuva rematunhu, bhari muboka repakati uye oats muboka rekumadokero.
Pulses. Nekuda kweiyo phytoexpertise, yakasimbiswa:
- huwandu hwezvirwere mumhodzi yezvirimwa zvinomera ndeye 11,3%, iyo inenge iri pamwero wegore rapfuura (11,6%);
- mhodzi dzinobatwa zvakanyanya neascochyta blight (78% yevhoriyamu yakaongororwa), ine huwandu hwe3,5%. Ascochyta blight, sefusarium blight, inogona kukonzera kuora kwemidzi yembeu;
- fusarium (iyo huru causative agent yemidzi yakaora) yakaonekwa mu 64% yehuwandu hwakadzidza hwepizi, nehuwandu hwe1,1%;
- Alternaria blight yakaonekwa mu71% yehuwandu hwemhodzi yakaongororwa, huremu hwepakati pezana yehutachiona hwaive 2,6%;
- moldy fungi yakabata 48% yehuwandu hwakadzidzwa hwembeu ine huwandu hwe1,5%;
- hutachiona hwehutachiona hwakaonekwa mu48% yehuwandu hwakaongororwa, chiyero chakaremerwa muzana chembeu yakabatwa nebhakteriosis yaiva 2,0%;
- grey rot yakawanikwa mumabheji ega ega embeu (20% yevhoriyamu yakaongororwa) ine huwandu hwe0,4%.
Kuongororwa kweunhu hwekudyara kwembeu kunoenderera mberi.