Ekaterina Kudashkina, Mumiriri weSainzi Zvekurima
Salinization yemvura uye ivhu Aya matambudziko makuru mukurima zvirimwa zvemazuva ano. Maererano nekufanotaura kweFAO, panosvika gore ra2050, chikamu che50% chevhu rekurima pasi rose chichakanganiswa nemunyu. Ivhu salinization ndiko kuunganidza kuwanda kwemunyu unonyungudika mumushonga wevhu, zvichikonzera kudzikira kwembereko. Chaizvoizvo, ndezvekuparara kwevhu. Iyo yakawanda yemunyu ine mhedzisiro yakaipa kunyanya pamidzi yemiti. Pamusana pekuti kunze kweosmotic pressure yevhu mhinduro inova yakakwirira maererano ne osmotic pressure mukati memiti, kukwanisa kwemiti kutora mvura uye kudya kubva kunze kunoderera, uye kushayikwa kwavo kunoitika - kunyange muvhu rakanyorova.
Paivhu resaline, kuwanda kwesodium cations kunodzivirira kuunganidzwa kwemamwe cations, kusanganisira izvo zvinodiwa pahupenyu hwezvirimwa, senge calcium ne potassium. High concentration yeNa+ uye/kana Cl- inhibisa photosynthesis. Chloride salinization ndeimwe yenjodzi kune zvirimwa.
Salinity inokanganisa kukura nekukura kwezvirimwa pamatanho ese, kubva pakukura kusvika pakukura, asi kunyanya zvakanyanya muzvikamu zvakakosha zve ontogeny. Migumisiro yekuratidzwa inogona kunge yakasiyana: kubva pakuderera kwekukura kwembesa kusvika pakufa kwakakwana kwemiti.
Mhinduro kudambudziko. Salinity inogona kugadziriswa neagrotechnical uye kubereka nzira. Kusarudzwa kwezvirimwa zvekurima zvekushivirira munyu inzira yakareba uye inodhura, ndeyemangwana, nekuti dambudziko remunyu hariperi chero kupi zvako mumakore anotevera. Iyo agrotechnical nzira inosanganisira reclamation maitiro (somuenzaniso, kushandiswa kwephosphogypsum kunokosha, asi mumamiriro ekuwedzera kwemutengo wezvigadzirwa nemafuta uye mafuta ekuzora, danho rinodhura zvikuru) uye fertigation (kushandiswa kwezvipfeko zvakasiyana-siyana zvevhu. mafetireza anobatsira kuderedza salinity yemvura nevhu, semuenzaniso: Ndinowanzosangana nepractice introduction of ammonium nitrate or phosphoric acid with drip irrigation).
Kubva pane ruzivo nezve mbatatisi: Nzira huru yekubata nepamusoro pevhu salinization uye kudzivirira kuwedzera kwemamiriro ezvinhu munzvimbo dzinodiridzwa ndeye. fertigation nekuisa fetereza yeAgriful Plus. Agriful Plus ifotereza yemvura yekuderedza hunyoro hwevhu uye mudzi biostimulant inobva pafulvic acids.
Takaona zvakajeka kushanda kwechirwere mune imwe yemapurazi makuru munharaunda yeRostov.
Energia LLC ndiro bhizimusi renzvimbo. Inorima mbesa dzakasiyana siyana, ine magadzirirwo ayo nekupfuya mhuka. Kunyange mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma ekumabvazuva kwenharaunda yeRostov, purazi inobata mutungamiri maererano negoho regorosi rechando.
Muna 2020, mbatatisi yakawedzerwa Nyasha Zvikuru (pH yegadziriro - 4,7) padonhwe rimwe nerimwe pamwero wemarita mashanu pahekita pamwaka wekurima.
Mushure mekushandiswa kwekutanga muchikamu chebudding pachiyero che 2,5 l / ha (yakanyungudutswa mubhodhoro pa 1000 litita emvura uye inoshandiswa kuburikidza nedonhwe, mufananidzo 1), kusvibiswa kwevhu kwevhu kwakaitika. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mavara emunyu pakudiridza kwekudonha akanyangarika mumazuva matatu.
Mhedzisiro yacho yakaonekwa pakarepo (mufananidzo 2). Kurutivi rworuboshwe, mitsetse yakanga yakachena chose, uye kurudyi, mavanga emunyu airamba ari akafanana.
Yechipiri neyechitatu yekushandiswa kwevhu reAgriful Plus biofeed padonhwe raive 1,25 l/ha panguva yekutungira - maruva uye mushure mekutumbuka, zvichiteerana (mufananidzo 3).
Ongororo yevhidhiyo yemurimi wemurimi wemiriwo inowanikwa paYouTube chiteshi "Agroliga".
Ndeapi mabhenefiti emakwikwi eAgriful Plus? Mushonga uyu ndeye 100% yemuriwo mavambo, ndeye organic chigadzirwa.
Iyi ndiyo yakanyanya kupfuma mufulvic acids (25%) biofeed mumutsetse wedu wefetereza.
Fulvic acids kuwedzera basa reiyo biological microflora uye kukudziridza midzi midzi. Iwo anonyungudika nyore muunyoro hwevhu uye anokwanisa kuumba ane mono- uye divalent cations (semuenzaniso, neK.+, Na+, NH4+, Sezvo2+, Mg2+) munyu unonyungudika nemvura, unoderedza kuvava kwevhu, uye zvirimwa zvinotora kudya kunovaka muviri zviri nani. Zvisinei, munzvimbo ine alkaline yakanyanya (pH> 10), chikamu che fulvic acids chinogona kukonzerwa ne calcium ne barium ions. Ne trivalent cations (Fe3+ uye Al3+) fulvic acids inogona kudonha kana kuita mvura-inonyungudika yakaoma komisheni, asi handisati ndamboona ivhu rakadaro kana mvura pH mukuita. Iyo yakakwirira yemvura pH yakaonekwa munharaunda yeRostov - 8,5.
Agriful Plus inosanganisirawo betaines. Vanobatsira kudzora osmotic pressure uye kuvandudza kuwanikwa kwekudya. Uye zvakare, betaine inosimudzira kugona kweiyo midzi midzi kutora mvura, kuwedzera kumira kwechirimwa kune yakanyanya kupisa uye yakaderera tembiricha, uye inosimudzira synthesis yechlorophyll.
Polysaccharides inzvimbo yesimba, inowedzerawo dhigirii rekupinda kwezvinovaka muviri uye mvura mumasero ezvirimwa uye kuvandudza kunaka kwemachubhu nemidzi.
Pamwe chete, polysaccharides, yakaoma mavhitaminzi uye yakawedzera yemukati yezvinhu organic (45%). Nyasha Zvikuru kudzorerazve kukura kwevhu microflora uye kudzorera kubereka. Kubva pakuona, ivhu rakasununguka.
Miyero inokurudzirwa yeAgriful Plus mwaka wekurima i5-10 l/ha, iyo inodhura uye inoshanda. Fertigation nekushandiswa kweAgriful Plus pamwe chete nefoliar nutrition scheme pamatatisi kwakaita kuti zvikwanise kuchengetedza imwe 4,7 t/ha zvine chekuita nesarudzo yehupfumi. Goho reBP-808 mbatatisi muchirongwa chekutyaira chaive 42,5 t/ha, uye purofiti yaive 42 rubles/ha (kunze kwekudyara).
Agriful Plus inogonawo kuiswa pasi pekudiridza kwepamusoro: takava neruzivo rwekuishandisa pachiyero che2,5 l/ha ine mahombe-drop nozzles, ine kushanda kwemvura kuyerera kwe300 l/ha, mushure mezvo muchina wekudiridza wakabatidzwa. . Nokudaro, zuva rakapfuura kusvikira motokari yasvika kumagumo edenderedzwa, uye pakanga pasina kutsva.
Muchidimbu, ndinoda kukweverazve muverengi kutarisisa kune maviri akakosha pfungwa.
- Gadziriro dzeAgritecno, kusanganisira Agriful Plus, dzine zvitupa zvepasi rose Ecocert, OMRI, izvo zvinotsigira mukana wekushandisa zvigadzirwa izvi mu zvekurima zvine hushamwari.
- Kuiswa kweAgriful Plus nedrip irrigation haitsivi kudzoreredza ivhu. Iyi inzira huru yekuchengeta munyu wevhu kuti usanyanya kuipa munguva yekukura. Zvinetso zvesalinization yevhu zvinoda basa rakarongwa, rakabatanidzwa uye rakarongeka.
Muchikamu chino, takaedza kutsanangura maitiro ekuita kwezvinodhaka Agriful Plus, nokuti kungova neruzivo rwezvesayenzi uye migumisiro yakapupurirwa, unogona kuita sarudzo yakarurama mukufarira zvimwe zvigadzirwa.
Tinoratidza kuonga kwedu kuvashandi vepurazi rinomiririrwa nemukuru Vladimir Vasilievich Bukhtiyarov nokuda kwemaitiro matsva ekugadzirwa kwekurima uye kushamwaridzana kunobudirira.
Zvimwe zvinyorwa nezve ruzivo rwekushandisa Agritecno kugadzirira zvinogona kuwanikwa pawebhusaiti www.agroliga.ru muchikamu cheMedia.