Zvakachengeteka kutaura kuti hakuzovi nekushomeka kwemapatata anotengeswa muRussia mwaka uno. Kunyangwe paine tsime rakareba rinotonhorera uye nekudyara kunonetsa, sekutaura kweIye Expert uye Analytical Center yeAgribusiness "AB-Center" (iri kunzi AB-Center), kubva munaJune 9, muna 2018 yakasimwa 2,7% kupfuura gore rapfuura (Fig. 1), uye nguva yematsutso yakafadzawo varimi vembatatisi - kukohwa kwakapfuurira kusvika munaMbudzi, zvichiita kuti zvikwanise kuunganidza zvinenge zvese zvaikwanisika. Nekudaro, AB-Center inoshuma kuti kubva munaNovember 5, 2018, goho rakakura mumabhizinesi emaindasitiri rakapfuura zviratidzo zvegore rapfuura ne5,2% uye zvasvika pamatanhatu zviuru mazana matanhatu ane makumi masere neshanu.
Anastasia Borovkova, mukuru wedhipatimendi rembatatisi re LLC "German Seed Alliance Russ"
Roman Semkov, technical Manager weGerman Mbeu Alliance Alliance Russ LLC
Nekudaro, iyo iriko mwaka wekutengesa hausati wapa chero chikonzero chekufara kutafura vagadziri vembatatisi: goho rinokohwewa, ririmo mukuchengetedza, asi mitengo yezvigadzirwa inoramba iri padanho repasi.
Neraki, isu takatadza kutyora zvisina kunaka "zvinyorwa" zvegore ra2015 na2016, asi tichienzanisa nedata ra2017, tinoona zvisina kunaka masimba (Fig. 2). Dzimwe nzvimbo (kusanganisira Republic of Bashkiria, Chelyabinsk, Kurgan, Sverdlovsk matunhu) dzakatarisana nedonhwe risati ramboitika mune zvese kudiwa nemitengo; Vagadziri vanomanikidzwa kutengesa zvigadzirwa zvavo pa6-7 rubles / kg.
Ehezve, mitengo uye kudiwa zvinokanganiswa kwete chete neakakura maitirwo ekukohwa, asi nezvimwe, macro- uye microeconomic zvikamu zvemusika maitiro, senge: huwandu hwembatatisi dzinogadzirwa pazvivakwa zvemumba, mwero wekuchinjana muRussia nenyika dzakavakidzana, kunyanya muKazakhstan, nezvimwe.
Kutaurirana nevarimi, tinowanzo kunzwa kuti panogara paine mutengo wakanaka wemhando yepamusoro mbatatisi. Musika wemazuva ano unorevei nezwi rekuti "mhando mbatatisi" uye sei kuona hunhu uhwu? Kutungamira mapurazi emapatatari anonyanya kutarisana nekutengesa kuburikidza nemaketeni ekutengesa, ayo asingatenderi kutsauka kudiki kubva pamatanho avo emukati. Kusangana nezvinodiwa zvemasetwork hazvisi nyore. Kufunga nezvekushandira pamwe navo, purazi rinofanira kuongorora zvakanyanya kugona kwaro uye kunyatso tsanangura zvinangwa zvaro: kurwira kwemhando yepamusoro kunotanga nguva refu mwaka usati watanga. Semuenzaniso, kusarudza mhando dzakasiyana dzakakosha kwazvo.
Mhando dzemazuva ano dzemhando yepamusoro, senge, semuenzaniso, Koroleva Anna, haingopa chete goho rakapfuma uye musika mukuru. Izvo zvakagadzirirwa kutengeswa mune diki kurongedza, kwekugara-kwenguva yakareba zvese muchitoro uye pasherufu pasherefu. Mapatata akadaro haashanduki yero kwenguva yakareba pasi pechiedza chemarambi, usasviba mushure mekuchenesa uye kubuda, uchichengetedza kukosha kwehutano, kuronda chinhu uye kuumbwa kwevhitamini. Iyo inogadzira, iri kukura zvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro, ine mvumo yekunyorera kune inoenderana mutengo wekutenga kubva kune yekutengesa network.
Izvo zvisina kukosha zvakanyanya pakuwana zvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro ndiko kunamatira kune hunyanzvi hwekurima, izvo zvinopa kushandiswa kwakakodzera kweanoratidzirwa, anoratidzwa maitiro ekurima. Imwe yeiyi, hongu, ndeyekuchengetedza chando.
Semutemo, hunyanzvi uhu hunonyanya kushandiswa nemabhizinesi ari muCentral Nhema Nyika nzvimbo yenyika. Asi nguva pfupi yadarika yakave yakakodzera kumatunhu asina kumbobvira anyunyuta nezvekushaikwa kwehunyoro. Ngatirangarirei Chivabvu naJune 2018, apo angangoita matunhu ese eEuropean chikamu cheRussia akatambura nekusanaya kwemvura, izvo zvaisagona asi kukanganisa huwandu uye mhando yechirimwa. Hatigone kudzora kudzokororwa kwemamiriro aya mumwaka mutsva. Pasi pemamiriro aya, kushandisa zvine hungwaru uye nekuchenjerera mashandisiro echisikigo kwakakosha zvakanyanya.
Kukadzi 2019 yakazoita sinou uye yakakonzera matambudziko mazhinji mumaguta makuru. Asi kune varimi vekurima, kuwanda kwesinou mukana wekuwedzera matura ehunyoro hwevhu, uye inofanira kutorwa mukana.
Kuchengetwa kwechando kunoshanda kwete chete kuunganidza yakasimba chando chivharo, zvinogadzira mamiriro ekuti nani kunwa kwemvura inonyungudika. Ivhu riri pasi pehutete hwesinou inotonhora kusvika pakadzika zvakadzika, rinonyunguduka nekukurumidza muchirimo uye zvirinani rinotora mvura inonyungudika. Ehezve, kuitira kuti uwane iwo akakurisa maitiro kubva mukuchengetwa kwechando, kubva mumatsutso zvakafanira kuita yakadzika kudonha kurima kusvika pakadzika kwenzvimbo yekurima kana yakadzika moldboard-isina kusununguka neyakaomarara unit.
Mhedzisiro yakanakisa kubva mukuvhiya uku inowanikwa pamwe nekuregedza kwakadzika - chiseling kune yakadzika ye40-45 cm mumatsutso. Zvikasadaro, inosvika makumi mana muzana yemvura yese inonyunguduka inoyerera ichibva muminda muchirimo panguva yechando chakanyunguduka. Iyo chaiyo uye yakakodzera nguva chando chengetedzo inzira yakasimbiswa iyo inowedzera zvakanyanya goho, kunyanya mumakore akaoma.
Kukadzi muRussia inowanzo kuve nemhepo ine simba inopeperesa chando kubva kuminda. Kurima chando (kurima chando kuyambuka nzira inovhuvhuta mhepo) kunobatsira kudzivirira kurasikirwa, uko kunodzivirira kukwevera kwevhavha yechando.
Runoff yakakura kwazvo inocherechedzwa mushure mekunyorova kwechando uye kutonhora kwechando, iine chando chakavhara, kana ivhu richigwamba kuita chando chakasimba uye risingakwanise kuchengetedza hunyoro. Chando chinokwanisa zvakare kushandiswa kudzivirira kuyerera kwemvura nekucheka mihoronga yekuyambuka mutserendende muchirimo. Usakanganwa imwezve hunhu hweiyo mwaka we2018: chitubu chakareba uye chinotonhora. Nekuda kwetembiricha yakaderera, chando chakanyungudika zvishoma nezvishoma, ivhu rakasvika pakuibva kwenguva yakareba, harina kudziya uye harina kubvumidza kutanga kushanda. Iyo yekudyara kambani yaive neinenge mazuva gumi kunonoka kuendesa, mune mamwe matunhu zvaive kusvika kumavhiki maviri kumashure kwemazuva akajairika.
Iyi nguva inogona kupfupiswa nekushandisa tekinoroji yekukasira kwechando kunyungudika. Zviripachena, iyo yekutanga chando chinonyungudika, nekukurumidza iyo pasi inooma uye kudziya, izvo zvinokutendera iwe kuti uende kumunda pakutanga.
Asi kuti ushandise hunyanzvi uhu, kugadzirira kunodiwa zvakare, uye nguva yakanakisa ndeye mavhiki ekupedzisira echando. Munguva ino, unofanirwa kugadzirira vhoriyamu inodiwa yejecha kana dota uye wozoishandisa neyekuparadzira fetiraiza. Iko kuvhiyiwa kunofanirwa kuitwa mune zvidimbu zvine chinguva chemamirioni gumi munzvimbo yese, kuyambuka kunongedzera kwenzira. Chando pamunda wakadai hachanyungudike zvakanyanya, asi zvakaenzana, zvishoma nezvishoma, mvura inonamira pazvidimbu zvakaumbanidzwa, izvo pakupedzisira zvinobvumidza hunyoro huzhinji kuti huiswe.
Sezvinoratidzwa nemakore mazhinji ezvekurima agronomic, hunyanzvi uhu, hunoshandiswa panguva uye zvinoenderana nehunyanzvi, hunopa kuwedzera kunooneka kwegoho uye kunobatsira pamhando yezvigadzirwa, izvo zvinonyanya kukosha mumusika unokwikwidza zvakanyanya. Isu tinokurudzira varimi vembatatisi kuti vazviise mukuita uye vanoshuvira munhu wese goho rakakura.