Mbatata ine huwandu hwakawanda hwehutachiona hunokonzera zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana etiologies mairi. Munzvimbo dzekurima mbatatisi dzekutengesa, zvirwere zvakapararira serhizoctoniosis, yakaoma fusarium rot, phomosis, kunonoka blight uye alternariosis zvinokonzeresa kukuvadza kukuru.
Mbatata rhizoctoniosis muhuwandu hwezvirwere zviri pamusoro ndiyo inonyanya kukuvadza. Saka, semuenzaniso, phomosis uye yakaoma fusarium kuora gore negore inotora avhareji ye15-20% yechirimwa, nepo kubva kune dema scab goho rinoderera ne45-50%. Rhizoctonia solani Kühn (Thanatephorus cucumeria (Franc) Donk) chirwere chevhu chinoparadzirwa zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana. Iyo fungus inokwanisa kukonzera kukanganisa mumarudzi mazana maviri nemakumi matatu ezvirimwa zvinorimwa nesora.
Kana mbatatisi inodyarwa ne rhizoctoniosis kana black scab, maronda ebrown akaoma anoumba pachikamu chepasi pemadzinde, anowanzo kurira tsinde uye zvichikonzera kukanganisa kumera, constriction uye kufa kwenhungirwa. Yellow, wilting uye kupeta kwemashizha (kutanga kubva kumusoro) inogonawo kuonekwa. Kubva pakutanga kwe tuberization, stolons nemidzi zvinokuvadzwa uye zvinodonha: zvinova brown, sclerotia yefungus inogona kuumba pavari. Nekuda kweizvi, kutetepa kwekudyara uye kurwiswa kwembesa kunoonekwa, uye goho rezvirimwa rakaderedzwa zvakanyanya. Mukuwedzera, kuumbwa kwe sessile uye air tubers kunoonekwa; uye pahunyoro hwepamusoro muvhu remhepo pazasi pemadzinde uye nekuatenderedza, yakasviba chena yakafukidzwa ye sporulation ye "white gumbo" fungus inoonekwa pavhu, iyo inoratidza yakadzika pathological process panhengo dzepasi pevhu panguva mwaka wekukura kwezvirimwa. Pamachubhu, chirwere chinogona kuratidza se sclerotia (dark brown crusts), net necrosis, kudzika kwakadzika, kushata, uye kutsemuka.
Iyo fungus inogona kuva mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzekushisa (3-27 ° C) uye unyoro hwevhu, chirwere chacho chinonyanya kukuvadza pakupisa kwakadzika uye kunyorova kwevhu uye pakupisa kwepamusoro uye kunyorova kwevhu. Iyo yakawedzera humidity yezvakatipoteredza inowedzera kusimba kwekukuvadzwa kwerhizoctoniosis. Iyo humidity factor inoshanda chete pamwe chete nekupisa. Tembiricha yakaderera inononoka kukura kwechirimwa, uye etiolated mbatatisi inomera inogara muvhu kwenguva yakareba, ichiunganidza yakawanda yemvura-inonyungudika nyore shuga inosvikika nyore kune fungus, uye inobatwa zvakanyanya nechirwere. Nokudaro, machubhu ane utachiona hwerhizoctoniosis pasi pemamiriro ekuvhenekera kwechisikigo pa +20 C anoratidza zviratidzo zvekutanga zvekukuvara kwezvimera mushure memazuva 7-8, nekuwedzera chiedza - mushure memavhiki mana. Kuwedzera kwekunzwa kwemiti yembatata kuR. solani yakasimbiswawo nekushayikwa kwe potassium muvhu (potassium inoderedza nhamba yemiti inorwara kubva pa4 kusvika ku66-10%).
Rondedzero yezvinyorwa zvakashandiswa:
- Sneh B. Kuzivikanwa kweRhizoctonia marudzi / B. Sneh, L. Burpee, A. Ogoshi // St. Paul, MN, USA: APS Press, 1991. - 133 p. 27.
- Sneh B. Rhizoctonia marudzi: Taxonomy, Molecular Biology, Ecology, Pathology, and Control / B. Sneh, S. Jabaji-Hare, S. Neate, G. Dijst // Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996. - 578 p.