Kambani yaAugust yakanyora zvipembenene zvine ngozi zvakanyanya zvinoisa panjodzi mukukohwa muna2020. Chinonyanya kukoshesa mwaka uno pane mhashu, aphid, moth moth uye nhokwe dzezviyo. Iko kupararira kwezvipembenene kunoitwa pamwe nekunyorovesa kwemwaka, izvo zviri kudziya kudziya. Panguva imwecheteyo, gore rino, varimi vakachengeteswa hupfu hwakawanda hwakakonzera kurimwa kwezvirimwa muna2019: burdocks, nekuda kwekutama kukuru uko kubva kumunda kuenda kumunda, mota mumigwagwa yakapinda mudanga, machira ekotoni achigadzika mukati memakanda echibage, uye Chinhu chikuru inyamusi kabichi, iro ruzhinji rwevanhu rwaigona kugumisa kurimwa kweanobhinywa munyika yedu. Kuzvarwazve kweLepidoptera kwakaganhurwa nemaApril echando kumaodzanyemba kweRussia.
Kupesana neshure kwekupinda zvisingaenzaniswi kwemhashu muAfrica, Asia neMiddle East muRussia, matunhu ekumaodzanyemba neNorth Caucasus vakabatana mukurwisa hutachiona hwekuvadza: Stavropol, Kalmykia, Dagestan, Chechnya, Astrakhan, Volgograd neRostov nzvimbo. Idzi nzvimbo dzeRussia rudzi rwemuganho wekuchamhembe, kune iyo "yekumwe" mhashu inogona kubhururuka ndokutanga kubereka ipapo.
"Kunyanya kuputika kwenhamba yemhashu muna 2020 kwakacherechedzwa mumatunhu eStavropol, Kalmykia, Dagestan, Volgograd uye Astrakhan," anodaro Dmitry Belov, mukuru wezvekugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa muna Nyamavhuvhu. - Zvisinei, kubuda uye nemhedzisiro yazvo zvinhu zvakasiyana, uye zvakajairika gore rino takakwanisa kurarama nemhashu. Kupararira kwakanyorwa semhedzisiro yekutarisa: mukati mayo, iri modhi yakavakirwa pahwaro hwechokwadi data, inotsigirwa neruzivo nezvemamiriro ekunze mamiriro ekunze uye kutarisa data kubva kumatunhu kunobva mhashu. Kana kuAsia, kuMiddle East, mu Africa, kusimuka kwemhashu kunotanga, kunge gore rino, zvinova pachena kuti tinofanirawo kugadzirira. "
Kuongorora kunoitwa uchishandisa ivhu rekuchera munzvimbo dzenzvimbo dzemhashu. Sezvo mutemo, izvi zvinosanganisira matanda, hoko, makoronga, matangi etsanga munzvimbo ine hunyoro. Nyanzvi dziri kutsvaga mhashu "nugget", dzinogona kuona mamera, uye mune yakanyanyisa kesi, vanorekodha kutiza - apo mhomho huru yemhashu inokwira kumusoro. Mhashu dzinopararira kazhinji dzinodzorwa nekubata idzo nharaunda dzakatapukirwa nezvipukanana zvisati zvabhururuka. Naizvozvo, iyo kubuda kunogona kuva kukuru, uye kukuvadzwa kwekurima kubva kwachiri - kushoma. Iyo kambani "Nyamavhuvhu", kunyanya, inoratidza kuti gore rino zviratidzo zvekukuvadza kwezvirimwa nemhashu zvakanyoreswa mumatunhu eStavropol neVolgograd.
Kwemakore akati wandei mumutsara, aphid zvave zvichikonzera matambudziko kune vaRussia varimi vekurima, zvichikuvadza zvirimwa zvezuva nezuva, chibage, nzungu nezvimwe zvirimwa. Sekureva kweAugust nyanzvi, aphid dzinogona kukonzera kukuvara zvakanyanya, sezvo dzichiratidzira kupokana neprethroid uye systemic neonicotinoid zvipembenene - kunyanya kumatunhu ekumaodzanyemba, uko munguva inopisa neonicotinoids hainyatso kufamba mukati mezvirimwa zvakaomeswa uye isingasvike chinangwa chavo. Naizvozvo, nyanzvi dzinokurudzira kushandisa yakachena organophosphate zvipembenene kana tangi musanganiswa zvinopesana nehutachiona. Muna 2020, aphid dzakakanganiswa nezvirimwa munzvimbo dzeVoronezh neKursk, muStavropol Territory uye muAltai Territory.
Makunguwo madema eiyo mehende moth - imwe chipembenene chinotambudza varimi uye vagari vezhizha mwaka uno - vanofarira zvirimwa vachiri vadiki, zvine mashizha akaora. Iri zhizha, huwandu hwehonye idzi dzaive dzakakwira kupfuura zvadzo. Izvi zvakaonekwa zvakanyanya muNovosibirsk Dunhu, muAltai Territory, panharaunda yechikamu cheKrasnoyarsk Territory uye muOmsk Region.
"MuCentral Black Earth Region, semuenzaniso, vajajaja chipfukuto chekupfuya, ikoko hakuna dambudziko rakakura kune varimi." Kunyangwe isu, kunyanya, takaona sei, mukusavapo kwekurapwa nehutachiona hwekugadzirira gadziriro yezuva, chirimwa chinoramba chakacheneswa, mashizha akakwana zvakakwana. Kurwa kurira kwechimanje, kana ikawanikwa munguva, hakuna kuoma zvachose: inogona kuparadzwa zvakanyanya nerubatsiro rwemishonga yakawanda, kusanganisira pyrethroids, ”anodaro Dmitry Belov.
Nekuda kwemamiriro ekunze anopisa muRussia, huwandu hwevanhu miteti mite huri kuwedzera. Zviyo zvechando munguva yechando (tsvuku-tsoka-tsvina) zvinokanganisa zvakanyanya kupfuurwa kwegorosi munguva yechando. Muna 2018-2019 yainyanya kuitika muStavropol Territory, Krasnodar Territory, uye Rostov Region, uye gore rino yakanyoreswa kunyangwe kumaodzanyemba kweVoronezh Region. Wheat mite ndeye microscopic mite iyo zvakare inokuvadza nguva yechando gorosi, asi nekuda kwehukuru hwayo, mavara emavara pamashizha anowanzo kukanganiswa nevanogadzira zvekurima chirwere chefungal etiology kana zvakakanganiswa nemamiriro ekunze. Munguva yakapfuura uye gore rakapfuura rapfuura, kubhururuka kwehuwandu hwezvipembenene kwakanyorwa muRepublic of Bhashortortan, muAltai, mudunhu reNovosibirsk, mudunhu reKurgan, kusvika padiki padunhu reSverdlovsk neChelyabinsk. Muna 2020, yakawanikwa zvakare munharaunda yeBashkortostan. Mwaka uno, mudunhu reVoronezh, dhiri rinokanganisa chibage, soya, mabheti.
Panguva imwecheteyo, kambani yaAugust inotaura kuti chando chakakura mumatunhu ekumaodzanyemba mukupera kwaApril kwete kungokuvadza zvirimwa, zvakakonzera kushomeka kwekukohwa gore rino, asi zvakare kudzikisira kuita kwezvirwere zvakawanda. Chekutanga pane zvese - iyo kabichi moth, iyo yakakonzera kukuvadza kwakakura kune zvirimwa zvechirimo chibharo mumakore mashanu apfuura. Muna 2020, hapana kubuda kwehuwandu hwayo kwakanyorwa.
"Munguva iri kubva muna 2015 kusvika 2019. Munyika yedu, nzvimbo yekubatwa chibharo kwemvura yawedzera kubva mahekita miriyoni kusvika kumiriyoni, anodaro Dmitry Belov. -Varimi vazhinji vakatanga kuunza rapeseed mukuumbwa kwekutenderera kwezvirimwa, nekuti yaive yakashanda kutengeswa kumisika yekuEurope nekuChina zvese zviri muchimiro chezviyo uye nenzira yemafuta. Pane imwe nguva, ivo vakakwanisa kunyudza vamwe vagadziri veEurope. Nekudaro, mamiriro acho akapindirwa nebhuruu moth - chipembenene chakagara chiri muRussia, asi huwandu hwayo hwakawedzera hwakakonzerwa zvakare nekupisa kwemwaka uye nekukurumidza kukura munzvimbo dzinobatwa chibharo.
Iko kusarudzika kwechibhutsi moth ndeyekuti munguva yezhizha, zvizvarwa zvakati wedzipembenene zvinogona kuchinja mumunda mumwechete - zvakasiyana, semuenzaniso, mhashu. Pnguva imwechete, mazai ehuku, zvipukanana, pupae, uye vakuru vanogona kuve mundima imwechete. Naizvozvo, varimi vazhinji vaifanira kuita zvipoko zvinokonzeresa kusvika kanomwe pamwaka, uye kudikanwa kwezvimwe zvinzvimbo pamishonga yekuuraya zvipuka mumusika yakawedzera ne6-400%. Nyanzvi dze "Nyamavhuvhu" kambani vanocherekedza kuti chikamu chevarimi vekurima mukupera kwa 500-2018. vakatofunga kusiya kurima kweanobhinywa, nekuti avo vasina kuita zvekurapwa vanogona kurasikirwa nechirimwa zvachose, uye nevanouchengetedza, nekuda kwemutengo wezvipembenene, vakadonha zvakanyanya mukubatsira.
Gore rino, kubuda kwezviitiko zvehuswa senge butterock butterfly zvakare hakuna kunyorwa, nepo gore rapfuura zvipuka zvaro, kazhinji zvishoma muhuwandu uye zvichidyisa zvakanyanya masora, zvakakonzera kurasikirwa kwezvirimwa mudunhu reStavropol Territory, Kuban, neRostov neVoronezh nzvimbo. Mumigwagwa umo mamemba emakungu aya akatama kubva kumunda kuenda kumunda achinotsvaga nzvimbo yemaforoti, mota dzinogona kupinza mu skid. Uye zvakare, iyo dunhu reStavropol gore rino haina kurwara nekotoni scoop - hukuru hwayo hukuru hwakakura sechigunwe gore rapfuura rakakuvadza soya, chibage, kupinda mukati memukati me cob, uye kunyange minda yemizambiringa. Mamiriro ezvinhu neye marble bug akaverengeka muna 2020, iyo mumakore achangopfuura yakakonzera kukuvara kwakakura kumaruwa ekumaodzanyemba nekudyarwa kwemaguta - semuenzaniso, muSocrhi.
"Mamiriro ezvinhu nezvipembenene zvakawanda akachinja: mamiriro ekunze uye zvimwe zvinhu zvichiri kuongororwa nemasayendisiti - asi ndinofunga yaive mamiriro ekunze pakutanga - zvakakonzera kuti zvipembenene zvakawanda zvisipo gore rino. Ini handibatanidze kuti huwandu hwavo hunogona kunge hwadzikira nekuda kwematanho ekudzivirira akatorwa, - Dmitry Belov anotenda. “Nekudaro, kazhinji, mamiriro ekunze acharamba achichinja, uye isu tichava nematambudziko mazhinji ehuswere. "Dambudziko kumakambani senge edu nderekuvandudza tekinoroji yekuchengetedza zvirimwa nekupa zvinyowani zvekushandisa."
Zvinyorwa zvinopihwa nevekutsikirira sevhisi yekambani "Nyamavhuvhu"