Kukura goho rakapfuma, kuwana kudzoka pamamita ese epasi mabasa akajairika epurazi ripi neripi. Varimi vekurima vanozvigadzirisa gore rimwe nerimwe, uye zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti vanozviita zvakabudirira: goho zviratidzi zviri kuramba zvichikwira.
Alexey Egorov, Musoro weMiti Dziviriro Zvigadzirwa, Agrotrade
Yeuka kuti mukunopera kwema90s, kutora gumi t / ha yemapatata kwaifungidzirwa senge isiri yakaipa mhedzisiro, 10 t / ha yaive mhedzisiro yakanaka, uye 15 t / ha yaingove yakanakisa budiriro. Unganidza anenge 20-50 t / ha. Muchokwadi, pamusoro pemakore gumi apfuura, goho mubazi remaindasitiri rakura ka70-10-4,5 nguva (zvinoenderana nepurazi).
Chii chiri kuseri kwenhamba idzi? Wakawedzera mutoro pavhu.
Kutaura nezve mutoro, isu tinoreva kuwedzera kubviswa kwevhu kubva muvhu, nekuparadzwa kweyakaumbwa, uye kuwedzeredza kwepasi, uye kuwanda kwenhamba yezvipembenene, masora, uye kuora kwemamiriro ezvinhu echirwere chehunhu.
Panguva imwecheteyo, nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana, varimi vazhinji vembatatisi vakaramba kutevedzera mitemo yekutenderera kwezvirimwa. Mapurazi, zvakanyanya, anozadzisa mamiriro ekuchinja michero, kana mbatatisi ichidzoka kuminda mushure megore kana maviri, asi hazvisi zvakajairika kuti mbatatisi dzinorimwa pamunda mumwechete kwemakore akati wandei, izvo zvine mhedzisiro yakaipa mhando uye goho.
Kupesana neiyi mamiriro, iko kushandiswa kwemamineral fotereza uye zvigadzirwa zvekudzivirira zvirimwa mumiti inokura zvakawedzera kakawanda. Nhasi, kana uchidyara mbatatisi, mugadziri wekurima anoshandisa kanenge katatu- kana kunyange shanu- nomwe musanganiswa wezvinhu zvemakemikari uye zvipenyu mishonga. Kunyangwe paine runyorwa rwekuchengetedza uye kuenzanisa kwehukama hwezvigadzirwa zvemazuva ano zvekuchengetedza zvidyarwa nemamineral fotereza, izvo zvinhu zvinoshandiswa zvine chinoonekwa uye kwete chakanakira ivhu biota.
Munzvimbo yakasikwa, yega pathogen ine vavengi vemuzvarirwo. Tichiisa makemikari kana nzira yekuzvidzivirira uye mamineral fotereza, tinokanganisa chiyero, tinobvisa microflora inobatsira yepakati pehutano, kunonoka kusimudzira uye kubereka kwemakemikari anodikanwa. Nekuda kweizvozvo, zvirwere zvefungal zvinotsiviwa nema bacterioses, mamwe asingagadzike uye akaomarara marudzi efungus, zvipembenene zvinopesana nemushonga. Mukupesana, isu tiri kuwedzera runyorwa rwezvigadzirwa zvinoshandiswa kune ivhu. Denderedzwa rakavharwa.
Vachiziva dambudziko iri, vamwe varimi vekurima vari kuunza manyowa manyoro muhunyanzvi, hune hunhu hwakanaka pachiyero cheivhu remanyowa, kugadzirisa hutachiona hwehutachiona, asi danho iri rega haripe chinhu chakakosha. mabhuku ekuverenga, mbatatisi dzinofanira kudzoserwa kumunda pasati papfuura makore mana mushure mekukura mwaka, panguva ino (zvichienderana nekushandurwa kwemashanga akagadzwa uye manyowa akasvibira), zvakasarudzika mamiriro ekuzvimiririra akagadzirwa mumunda, huwandu hwehutachiona hunowanzoitika mbatatisi uye zvimwe zvipembenene muvhu zvakanyatsoderedzwa.
Varimi vanowanzo bvunza: ndeupi mushonga unonyanya kubatsira mukubvisa iyo nematode? Mushonga wakanakisa wematode ndeye kutenderera kwezvirimwa zvine manyowa manyoro uye vangangoita mashanga maviri ekutanga.Pachiitiko ichi, mukati memakore matatu, kuumbwa kwevhu microflora uye zvipembenene zvevhu zvinoshanduka zvakanyanya. Biological uye chemakemikari zvigadzirwa kurwisa nematode inofanirwa kuunzwa nenzira yakaoma, kumwe kushandiswa kwechero mushonga kunotungamira mukudzikira kwevanhu mumatode, asi kwete pakupedzisa kwayo kwakazara. Izvo zvinokwanisika kurarama neichi chipembenene chakaomarara chete kana matanho ese akasanganisirwa kamwechete: aya matanho evharesi, uye kutenderera kwezvirimwa, uye kushandiswa kwemidziyo yekuchengetedza michero mune yakazara madosi.
Asi ngatirambei tichienderera nemusoro wenyaya wekuwedzera kushandiswa kwezvigadzirwa zvekuchengetedza miti. Zviripachena, iyi nzira inoreva kuwedzera kukuru mumitengo yevagadziri vekurima. Kana makore gumi apfuura mutengo wezvigadzirwa zvekuchengetedza zvidyarwa muhurongwa hwemutengo wemapatata anotengeswa waibvira pa3 kusvika 10%, izvozvi vanogona kusvika 20%.
Kunyangwe izvi, huwandu hwezvibereko zvezvinhu zvinotengeswa mumapurazi hazvina kumboshanduka mumakore apfuura. Pakupera kwema90, mumapurazi epamberi, kutengeswa kwaive padanho re75-85%. Nhasi nhamba idzi dzakada kufanana. Kunyangwe mune kururamisira, zvinogona kucherechedzwa kuti iyo pfungwa chaiyo ye "kutengeswa" mumakore apfuura yakachinja zvakanyanya: kumberi chero mbatatisi hombe dzaionekwa sekutengesa.
Asi chimiro chekushandisa chakachinja zvakare. Makore gumi apfuura, vatengi vazhinji vakatenga mbatatisi mumusika mumabhegi, nhasi vagari veguta vanouya kuchitoro kuzosarudza diki pasuru yemhando yematatisi yekudya kwemanheru kubva kune yakasarudzika assortment. Mugove wekudya uye wekutsanya chikafu chakawedzerawo. Mhedzisiro yeizvi zvese kwaive kuwedzera kwezvinodiwa zvehunhu hwezvigadzirwa uye kukwidziridzwa kwemitengo pakati pevarimi vekurima.
Uye munhu wese anozvinzwa. Kuverenga mutengo uye mari panopera mwaka, vazhinji vevarimi vembatatisi vanomanikidzwa kubvuma kuti goho rinonyanya uye rinodhura gore rega rega.
Ndeipi ingave nzira yekubuda mune ino mamiriro?
Mune mawonero angu, mukugadzirwa kwembatatisi inofanirwa kutungamirwa nefomura iri pachena: yakakwana kemikari pamwe nekutenderera kwezvirimwa pamwe nehunyanzvi hwekugadzira zvinhu.
Kunyangwe, muchokwadi, haazi munhu wese achakwanisa kushanda pariri. Kana zvikave nyore kumapurazi makuru kuti vatarisezve zviga zvavo zvekushandisa kwepasi kune imwe nhanho, zvino zvichanyanya kuomera varimi vekurima vanorima zvirimwa munzvimbo inosvika mahekita zana nemazana maviri. Imwe nzira inobuda kumapurazi akadaro inogona kuve kubatana kwetekinoroji, kuvaka nzira dzakabatana dzehunyanzvi dzekukura zvirimwa zvekurima.
Funga nezvazvo: kuzivikanwa kwegoridhe mbatatisi nematode muminda inomanikidza murimi wezvembatatisi kuti awedzere mutengo weiyo dziviriro sisitimu kanokwana kaviri. Asi kushandiswa kwemakemikari kunofanirwa kusanganiswa pamwe nekuisa kwega kunzvimbo dzakashatiswa. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, pfungwa yekushandira pamwe inova kiyi yekurarama kwemabhizinesi mazhinji.