Isu tinoenderera mberi nehurukuro pamusoro pedambudziko riripo panguva ino - mbatatisi rhizoctoniosis.
Kunobva utachiona mbeu dzembatatisi dzine chirwere uye mamwe masora. Chinhu chikuru mukutapurirana kwepathogen gore negore ivhu uye chirwere chembatatisi tubers (nguva yakawanda yekutapurirwa kwepathogen kuburikidza ne tubers inobva 29 kusvika 70%). Kutapurirwa kwepathogen mukati memwaka kunoitika kuburikidza nevhu, pamwe nebasidiospores pamhepo yakakwira humidity (86-96% kana kupfuura) nemadonhwe emhepo, asi iyi nzira ndeyekuwedzera kukosha.
Saka, kutenderera kwepathogen mumasikirwo kunoitika nekuda kwekusanganiswa kwevhu uye tuber kutapurirana nzira kubva gore negore, pamwe nekuwedzera kwekufambisa kwemhepo mukati memwaka. Kubva pane izvi, kuitira kuchengetedza kudyara mbatatisi kubva kurhizoctoniosis, zvinodikanwa kushandisa hunyanzvi uye nzira dzekudzikisa yekutanga stock yehutachiona hwehutachiona muvhu uye pamachubhu.
Zvinokosha zvikuru mukudzivirira kukuvadzwa kwechirimwa nechirwere ndiko kushandiswa kwakarurama uye kusanganiswa kweagrotechnical uye makemikari nzira.
Kuti udzivise kukura kwechirwere pamiti yembatatisi, pamwe nehutachiona hwema tubers, zvakakosha kuti ucherechedze kutenderera kwezvirimwa uye kudzorera mbatatisi kunzvimbo yavo yepakutanga kwete mushure memakore 3-4. Kukura mbatatisi mukutenderera kwezvirimwa mushure mendove yakasvibira, soya bhinzi, zviyo, uswa husingagumi kunoderedza kukura kwerhizoctoniosis pamashizha, madzinde uye tubers ne2,0-2,7 nguva.
Muchiitiko chekusakwanisa kuitisa kutenderedza zvirimwa, zvinodikanwa kushandisa zvirimwa zvine phytosanitary kurwisa iyo causative agent ye rhizoctoniosis se precursors. Kuti uvandudze phytopathological mamiriro pambatatisi, se phytosanitary zvirimwa (zvakatangira), zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa zviyo, perennial cereal uswa, legume-cereal musanganiswa, makarotsi, lupins, soya mbesa, makabheji zvirimwa, flax, izvo zvakanyanya kutadzisa kukura kweR. solani Kühn. muvhu.
Nheyo yekushandiswa kwavo ndeyokuti kutapukira kwehutachiona hwehutachiona hunopfuurira kwenguva yakareba muvhu chete mumamiriro ekumanikidzirwa dormancy. Midzi yakavanzika yezvirimwa zvekurima zvinopesana neiyo causative agent ye mbatatisi rhizoctoniosis inokonzera kumera kwepathogen propagules muvhu. Muchiitiko ichi, spores ye phytoparasite uye germinal hyphae yavo, isingasangane neine susceptible host plant, inofa zvishoma. Pamusana pekuti zvirwere zvevhu, sekutonga, zvine simba risina simba rekukwikwidza kana richienzaniswa nevhu-inogara saprotrophic microorganisms, nzira iyi inotungamirira kuderera kwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehutachiona.
Mukuwedzera, kuora mushure mekukohwa zvakasara zvezvirimwa zve phytosanitary zvinobatsira mukuwedzera kwenhamba yevanopikisa saprophytes muvhu, izvo zvinozoita kuti lysis yezvimiro zvinotapukira zvehutachiona, uye zvakare kutora nzvimbo yehutachiona mune ecological niche.
Iyo inozivikanwa zvakare kuti gorosi, bhari, oats, rapeseed nemasitadhi ndivo vanogadzira antifungal zvinhu. Saka, zvirimwa zvemumhuri yezviyo zvine purothionine, phenol-type compounds, benzoxazolinones, hordecin, furfrurol, gramine alkaloid, yellow pigments mumuto wavo wesero, uye zvirimwa zvekabichi zvine allyl mustard, phenylethyl mustard uye crotonyl mustard mafuta, rafanin, heirolin. iyo inodzivisa kukura kwepathogenic microflora.
MuSiberia, panguva imwe yekukura, vakatangira vakadai serapeseed uye sarepta yemasitadhi zvakanyanya kuderedza kuwanda kweR. solani muvhu. Pakazosvika May wegore rinotevera, nekuda kwekusunungurwa kwezvinhu zvinodzivisa kukura kwefungus kubva kune zvakaora zvakasara zvezvirimwa, nhamba yepropagules ye causative agent ye rhizoctoniosis inoderedzwa ne2,0. Oats haina simba guru pakuchenesa ivhu, asi inobvumira kudzikamisa nhamba yepathogen. Gorosi nebhari hazvingofariri kuunganidzwa kwepathogen panguva yekukura, asiwo zvinobatsira pakuramba kwayo muvhu kusvika muchirimo chinotevera. Saka, kubva pakuona kwe phytosanitary, yakanakisa precursors ye mbatatisi ndeye spring rapeseed uye mustard sarepta. Paunenge uchiisa chirimwa paoats, spring bhari uye gorosi, zvakakosha kufunga nezve data pamusoro pekuunganidza kwe causative agent ye rhizoctoniosis muvhu.
Rondedzero yezvinyorwa zvakashandiswa:
- Zeiruk V.N. Kubudirira kweakakosha kutenderera kwezvirimwa uye biologized system yekudzivirira mbatatisi kubva kuzvirwere uye zvipembenene / V.N. Zeiruk, V.M. Glez, S.V. Vasilyeva, M.K. Derevyagin, V.I. Sedova, N.A. Gaitova, L. V. Dmitrieva // Mbatatisi inokura munzvimbo dzeRussia: Matambudziko chaiwo esainzi uye maitiro. - M., 2006. - S. 38-47.
- Ivanyuk V.G. Agrotechnical nzira dzekurwisa mbatatisi rhizoctoniosis / V.G. Ivanyuk, O.T. Alexandrov, V. I. Kalach // Dziviriro uye kuvharirwa kwezvirimwa. - 2001. - Nhamba 11. - S. 18-19.
- Ivanyuk V.G. Zvimiro zvekuratidzwa kwembatatisi rhizoctoniosis muBelarus / V.G. Ivanyuk, O.T. Aleksandrov // Mycology uye Phytopathology. - 2000. - T. 34, kwete. 5. - S. 51-59.
- Loshakov V.G. Kutenderedza zvirimwa ndicho chinongedzo chakakosha mumasisitimu emazuva ano ekurima / Loshakov V.G. // Bulletin yeRussia Academy yeAgricultural Sayenzi. - 2006. - Nhamba 5. - S. 23-26.
- Shaldyaeva E.M. Kuongorora kwe rhizoctoniosis mumatato agroecosystems muWestern Siberia / E.M. Shaldyaeva, Yu. V. Pilipova, N.M. Konyaev. - Novosibirsk, 2006. - 196 p.
- Shaldyaeva E.M. Kugadziridzwa kweiyo phytosanitary mamiriro eminda yembatatisi uchishandisa chirimo chakarapiwa sechirimwa chegirinhi manyowa / E.M. Shaldyaeva, Yu. V. Pilipova, M.P. Shatunova // Kudzivirirwa Kwemiti muSiberia: Sat. zvesainzi tr. vadzidzisi uye vadzidzi vakapedza kudzidza veFaculty of Plant Protection. - Novosibirsk, 2003. - S. 77-83
- Carling DE Mhedzisiro yekushisa kweiyo virulence yeRhizoctonia solani uye imwe Rhizoctonia pambatatisi / DE Carling, RH Leiner // Phytopathology. - 1990. - V. 80, Nhamba 10. - P. 930-934.