Oleg Radin, Mutungamiri weRoskrakhmalpatoka Association yeVagadziri veRussia veStarch neTreacle Zvigadzirwa.
Chikamu chembatatari chinotora chikamu chidiki mune chimiro cheiyo starch yekugadzira indasitiri.
Vhoriyamu yemusika weRussia wemashizha embatatari inofungidzirwa pamakumi zviuru makumi maviri nemasere uye 28% inopihwa nekutengesa zvinhu kunze kwenyika.
Muna 2018, matani 10 emashizha embatata akagadzirwa muRussia, inova 727 matani pasi pegore rapfuura uye 96 matani kupfuura muna 1351. Kurwisana nemamiriro ekuchinja akanganisa, semuenzaniso, nzvimbo yekugadzirwa kwegorosi starch, kuchinja uku kunogona kunzi kusakosha. Muchidimbu, ivo vane hukama nenyaya yekuti hombe vhoriyamu yeRussia mbatatisi inogadzirwa nema micro-mabhizinesi - vamwe vanhu vezvemabhizimusi (kunyanya zvigadzirwa zveiyo confectionery uye zvikamu zvebheka), izvo zvinokurumidza kuoneka uye nekukurumidza zvinonyangarika.
Kugadzikana kwemusika kunosimbiswawo nedzimwe nhamba. Kunyanya, mu2018, 18,0 zviuru zviuru zvematani emashizha embatatari akaunzwa kuRussia Federation (vatengesi vakuru: Belarus, Denmark, France, Germany nePoland), padanho rakaenzana, zvinhu zvakaitwa mumakore apfuura (zviuru gumi nezvitanhatu zvematani). matani muna18,1 uye 2017 zviuru matani muna16,4). Export mavhoriyamu mumakore achangopfuura haanawo kuchinja zvakanyanya: mu2016 - 2018 zviuru zvematani, mu1,3 na2017 - 2016 uye 1,5 zviuru zvematani, zvichiteerana.
Pachivanhu, yemuno mbatatisi starch muRussia ine yakajairika niche mune chikafu mbishi zvinhu musika. Mukugadzirwa kwemhando dzipi dzezvinhu zvinonyanya kushandiswa? Ndezvipi zvinodiwa pairi nevatengi? Uye ndeipi ramangwana reichi chigadzirwa? Kuti uwane mhinduro dzakakodzera kumibvunzo iyi yese, iro Roskrakhmalpatoka Association rakaita ongororo iyo makambani makumi matatu nemana akatora chikamu - mabhizinesi enyama, confectionery, chikafu chekusanganisa, maindasitiri ekubheka - vatengi vakuru vemashizha embatatari. Pakati pevakabvunzwa, mumwe anogona kucherechedza, semuenzaniso, LLC Russkart, anogadzira zvigadzirwa zvekudya zvekudya (iro vhoriyamu rekudyiwa kweiyo yemidziyo mbatatisi isingaita 34-240 matani / mwedzi); OJSC Tsaritsyno, kambani yekugadzira sausage uye zvigadzirwa zenyama (iyo vhoriyamu yekudyiwa kweiyo yemidziyo mbatatisi standi zana matani / mwedzi); nyama-kurongedza chirimwa "Dubki" (vhoriyamu yekudyiwa kwechizvarwa mbatatisi starch - 250 matani / mwedzi).
Ongororo iyi yakaratidza kuti chinzvimbo chakatsiga chembatatisi chinonyanya kupihwa neindasitiri yekugadzira nyama. Ndiro rudzi rwe starch iro rinoshandiswa nevagadziri mukugadzirira masoseji akabikwa uye hams, zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvenyama (starch inoshandiswa senge isingadhuri mhando yekudzikamisa uye inosanganisirwa muresipi ye65-70% yemazita echigadzirwa) uye masosi (akaisirwa muhope ye10-15% yemazita echigadzirwa). Uye zvakare, starch yemazamu yemazamu inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzira zvigadzirwa - chinhu chinodikanwa chemakeke, muffin, nezvimwe zvinhu zvakabikwa (10-15% yemazita echigadzirwa). Izvo zvakare zvakaoma kuita pasina mbatatari starch mukugadzirwa kweiyo inogadzira chikafu (jelly, zvinonhuwira, zvinwiwa, masobho), confectionery misanganiswa (mafuta, zvinowedzera, kuzadza), ma noodles (5-10% emazita echigadzirwa).
Vagadziri vanosarudza iyo inodhura (zvichienzaniswa nezviyo uye gorosi) mbatatisi starch kunyanya nekuda kwayo kuri nani viscosity uye pachena.
Ziva zvakare kuti ruzhinji rwevatori vechikamu veongororo (85%) havaronge kuenderera nekusiya kushandiswa kwesitashi mbatatisi. Vaviri chete vakapindura vanofungidzira mukana wekusiya chinhu ichi kana paine shanduko mukugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa, uye mumwe chete ndiye achatsiva starch yemuno neyakagadziridzwa munguva pfupi iri kutevera (sezvo iyo shanduko ine zvirinani viscosity zvivakwa pamutengo wakaderera).
Sezvineiwo, ingangoita hafu yevakabvunzwa (vashandisi gumi nevashanu) vanoshandisa starch yemapatatisi epamba mumabasa avo. Panguva imwecheteyo, vatori vechikamu 15 chete veongororo ndivo vakakwanisa kunyora mazita emabhizinesi eRussia anoshanda mukugadzirwa kwesitashi mbatatisi. Anonyanya kutaurwa aive Pleshcheevsky starch chirimwa, Chuvash'enkrakhmal uye Mglinsky starch chirimwa.
Vatori vechikamu gumi nemashanu vakapindura zvakare kuchisarudzo chekutsanangura zvigadzirwa zvevagadziri vemumba. Pakati pese, mhinduro yemubatanidzwa inogona kugadzirwa se: "Wese munhu ane zvemhando imwechete yakafanana nemutengo wakaderera."
Pfungwa huru inokonzeresa kusarudzwa kwezvigadzirwa zvevamwe vagadziri vembatatisi starch, vatengi vanonzi yakanakisa mhando / mutengo muyero. Dhirivhari mazwi nemitemo yekubhadhara yakauya yakatevera kukosha.
Nekudaro, kubva pavanhu makumi matatu nevatatu vakapindura, makumi maviri neshanu nechivimbo vakanyora varimi vekunze vekugadzira mbatatisi. Mazhinji emataurirwo akaitwa neKMC, Pepees, Roquette, Cargill.
Kana kuvhota vatengi vekunze mbatatisi starch, munhu wese akataura kuti mutengo uye mhando yechigadzirwa kune chikuru sarudzo nzira, munzvimbo yechitatu yaive mazwi ekuendesa. Zvakare, kune vatengi vazhinji, kuwanikwa kwezvitupa zvekuenderana kwezvinhu zvinoita basa rakakosha.
Izvo zvikonzero zvakakosha zvekumira kwemashizha emashizha embatatari, vazhinji vatori vechikamu veongororo vakatumidza kushaya simba kwehupfumi uye kudzikira / kusavapo pakatarisana neiyi mamiriro ekukura mukugadzirwa kwechikafu.
Kuenderera mberi nepfungwa iyi, zvinogona kufungidzirwa kuti munguva yepakati, mukushaikwa kwekuvhunduka kwakakomba kwehupfumi, musika wesitashi wembatata ucharamba uri padanho risina kudzikama uye, sezvingabvira, kunyange kumusoro maitiro anozoonekwa nekuda kwekuwedzera kwenzvimbo dzekushandisa. Anogona kuitika tarisiro yekusimudzira, sekuona kwedu, anonyanya kusanganiswa nematavi maviri eiyo indasitiri yezvikafu - sausage nemukaka. Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo yekutanga inofanirwa kuve mutyairi mukuru wekudiwa nekuda kwesimba rakakura remusika, uye basa reiyo yekupedzisira rinoenderana nezvinhu zvinoverengeka: chekutanga pane zvese, pane kudiwa kwevatengi.
Mune hupfumi husina kugadzikana, kudiwa kunogona kutanga kukura, semuenzaniso, kune curd uye yakasviba kirimu zvigadzirwa (kuzadza kweiyo confectionery indasitiri). Pano, yemuno mbatatashi starch inowanzo shandiswa senge chikamu chinotsiva chinodhura mukaka mbishi.
Tinosimbisa kuti muzvikamu zvese zviri zviviri - mukugadzirwa kwesoseji uye zvigadzirwa zvemukaka - starch yemazambatata yemuno inoshandiswa kuitira kudzikisa mutengo wechigadzirwa chekupedzisira, chinova chinhu chakakosha muhupfumi hwematambudziko.
Mune mamwe mamiriro ehupfumi, mamiriro acho anozoitika zvakasiyana. Izvo zvinogoneka, semuenzaniso, kuti mbatatisi starch ichave iri mukuda kukuru mukugadzirwa kwechikafu chine hutano.