Iyo nzira ye pathological process ye mbatatisi rhizoctoniosis inonyanya kukanganiswa nehukuru hwehuwandu hwepathogen muvhu uye pambeu tubers. Pasi pemamiriro eSiberia, hutachiona hwevhu hunoita basa rakakosha kana richienzaniswa nehutachiona hwehutachiwana, zvisinei, pamatanho ekutanga ekukura kwechirwere, tuber inoculum inonyanya kukosha.
Tichifunga nezve yakaratidzwa biological maficha eiyo causative agent yembatatisi rhizoctoniosis, kuti uderedze kukuvadza kwechirwere, kuwedzera goho uye kuvandudza kunaka kwezvigadzirwa, zvinodikanwa kushandisa seti yezvimiro zvekurima zvinoderedza kuwanda kwe pathogen zvose pambeu dzemachubhu uye muvhu.
Mukushaikwa kwekutanga kunotapukira muvhu, mbatatisi inogona kurimwa pabhari, oats, rapeseed nemasitadhi, uye machubhu anofanira kurapwa nefungicides asati adyarwa. Zvadaro, muchikamu chekudyara, tinogona kutarisira kukura kwerhizoctonia muhuwandu hwe9-10%.
Kana uchidyara zvinhu zvekudyara zvisina kurapwa, chiratidzo ichi chichawedzera ne3-5%. Kana zvisingakwanisi kurima zvirimwa maererano nevakatangira pamusoro, zvinogona kuiswa pagorosi, ipapo kukura kwechirwere kuchava pamwero we14% nekurapa tubers uye 20% pasina kurapwa.
Kana ivhu reminda richigarwa ne causative agent ye rhizoctoniosis, zvino zviri nani kudyara mbatatisi pazvirimwa zvakapfuura zvakadai se oats, rapeseed uye mustard. Muchiitiko ichi, kukura kwerhizoctoniosis kuchasvika 13-15% zvose pamiti yakasimwa kubva kune fungicide-treated tubers uye iyo inowanikwa kubva mukudyara kusina kurapwa.
Pakurima zvirimwa zvegorosi nebhari, machubhu anofanirwa kupfapfaidzwa nemushonga wekuuraya utachiona usati wadyarwa, semuenzaniso, Maxim 0,25 KS, izvo zvinoderedza kukuvara kwembatatisi kusvika 7,5%.
Nechikamu chebudding - kutanga kwemaruva pavhu risina R. solani, kukura kwakaderera kwechirwere kunoonekwa kune avo vakatangira se rapeseed uye oats - 16 ne19%, zvichienderana, kana ma tubers akabatwa nemishonga inouraya utachiona asati adyarwa. . Ichi chiratidzo chakakwirira zvishoma kune gorosi, bhari nemasitadhi - 22-25%. Kana iyo yekudyara isina kurapwa, saka panguva ino kukura kwechirwere pamatatisi ezviyo zvinotangira uye yemasitadhi inosvika pachiyero chakafanana che27-32%. Kunze kwekubatwa chibharo, uko kukura kwerhizoctoniosis kuri 22%.
Kurimwa kwembatatisi paivhu rine utachiona hweR. solani kune oats, rapeseed uye mustard pamwe chete nespring dressing ye tubers neMaxim 0,25 KS inochengetedza utachiona hwechirimwa nerhizoctoniosis pamwero we26-32%. Kune bhari uye gorosi, nhamba iyi yakakwirira zvikuru uye inokwana 37-44%. Kuisa kudyara mbatatisi paivhu rine hutachiona uye kuramba kurapa machubhu ekudyara nefungicide kunowedzera pathological process. Kubudirira kwerhizoctoniosis munyaya iyi yemasitadhi ndeye 33%, yebhari, oats uye rapeseed - 37-40, uye yegorosi - 53%.
Kurimwa kwembatatisi mushure membatatisi kunotungamira mukukuvadzwa kukuru kwezvirimwa nechirwere mukati memwaka wese wekukura.
Kurimwa kwechirimwa maererano nevakatangira vakasiyana-siyana, pamwe nekushandiswa kwemishonga inouraya utachiona, inobvumira kwete chete kutonga phytosanitary mamiriro egrocenosis, asiwo kuvandudza kunaka kwezvakagadzirwa.
Kuiswa kwembatatisi muvhu risina kubva kune causative agent ye rhizoctoniosis, pamwe chete nekushandiswa kwemiti yekudyara yakasvibiswa, inoita kuti zvikwanise kukura pane zvose zviri pamusoro pezviyo uye zvirimwa zvekabichi. Muchiitiko ichi, goho remachubhu ane utano anobva pa19-22 t/ha. Kana machubhu asina kurapwa asati adyarwa, ipapo kuderera kwehutano hwechirimwa chitsva kunoonekwa. Iko kuunganidza kwema tubers ane hutano kunoderedzwa ne 1-3 t / ha, zvichienderana nechirimwa chekare.
Mufananidzo wakasiyana zvachose unokura kana ivhu riri pasi pembatatisi rinogarwa nefungus. Muchiitiko ichi, pakupfekedza zvinhu zvekudyara neMaxim 0,25 KS, zvakanakisisa zvinotangira oats, rapeseed uye mustard. Vanokubvumira kuti uwedzere goho remachubhu ane hutano kusvika 16-18 t/ha, nepo gorosi nebhari - chete kusvika 13-14 t/ha. Kana machubhu asina kurapwa nefungicide, saka zvakakoshawo kudyara mbatatisi maererano nevakatangira pamusoro. Izvi zvinokutendera kuti uwane goho remhando yemachubhu pamwero we13-14 t/ha. Gorosi nebhari zvakanyanya kuipa zvakatangira pasi pemamiriro aya: pano chiratidzo ichi chinenge chatova 11-12 t/ha.
Kurimwa kwembatatisi mushure membatatisi kunotungamira kuderera kukuru kwemhando yezvigadzirwa zvakawanikwa.
Chete nekurapa zvinhu zvekudyara nemushonga wekuuraya utachiona, unogona kuwana 13 t/g yemachubhu ane hutano, uye mune dzimwe nguva nhamba iyi haipfuure 8-9 t/ha.
Kuti uwane goho rinogara riripo remhando yepamusoro mbatatisi muvhu risina kubva kune causative agent ye rhizoctoniosis, kurapwa kwechirimo kwemachubhu ane fungicides uye kushandiswa kwegorosi, bhari, oats, rapeseed kana masitadhi sechirimwa chekare chinodiwa.
Kuvapo kweR. solani muvhu kunoda kuvandudzwa kwekutanga kwevhu nerubatsiro rweoat, rapeseed uye masitadhi uye kusungirirwa kupfeka kwekudyara zvinhu.
Mumamiriro ezvinhu ekutenderera kwezvirimwa nekutenderera kupfupi, kuti uvandudze kudyara mbatatisi kubva kune causative agent ye rhizoctoniosis, zvinodikanwa kuunza phytosanitary precursor (oats, Sarepta mustard, spring rapeseed) uye kubata iyo yekudyara nefungicides. Kurimwa kwemasitadhi uye rapeseed se precursors kunoita kuti zvibvirire kuderedza density yeR. solani fungus ne50-55% nekutanga kwemwaka wekukura wembatatisi, uye 5% yeoat. Kushandiswa kwegorosi nebhari sechigadziro hazvikurudzirwi, se vanobatsira mukuunganidzwa kwepathogen (nhamba inowedzera ne16 uye 51%, maererano).
Shanduko yehuwandu hwevhu reR. solani pasi pezviyo uye makabheji vakatangira inoderedza kukura kwerhizoctoniosis pamatanho embatatisi pamatanho ekutanga e-ontogenesis ne53-70%, uye padanho rekupedzisira ne31-50% uye inowedzera goho. machubhu ane hutano ne66-86% zvichienzaniswa nembatatisi dzakaiswa pambatatisi (9,7 t/ha).
Iyo sisitimu yekudzivirira zvirimwa, kusanganisira kurimwa kwembatatisi paoats, Sarepta masitadhi, chitubu chakarashwa uye kurapwa kwemachubhu usati wadyarwa neazvino fungicidal disinfectant Maxim 0,25 KS, inopa kuderedzwa mukukura kwechirwere ne54-64, 46. -67 ne44-61% uye inowedzera goho remachubhu ane hutano ne88, 69 ne76%. Iyo yakaoma yenzira dziri pamusoro apa inovandudza kunaka kwezvigadzirwa zvakawanikwa, kuderedza huwandu hwayo ne sclerotia ne12-14%.
Chinyorwa chemabhuku akashandiswa:
1. Shaldyaeva E.M. Kuongorora kwe rhizoctoniosis mune mbatatisi agroecosystems muWestern Siberia / E.M. Shaldyaeva, Yu. V. Pilipova, N.M. Konyaev. -
Novosibirsk, 2006. - 196 p.
2. Shaldyaeva E.M. Kugadziriswa kweiyo phytosanitary mamiriro ekudyara
mbatatisi kana uchishandisa spring rapeseed semupfudze wegirinhi
tsika / E.M. Shaldyaeva, Yu. V. Pilipova, M.P. Shatunova // Dziviriro
zvirimwa muSiberia: Sat. zvesainzi tr. vadzidzisi uye vadzidzi vakapedza kudzidza veFaculty of Plant Protection. - Novosibirsk, 2003. - S. 77-83