Munguva yekukura, mbatatisi inopindura zvakanaka pakudiridza, asi kudiwa kwavo kwekunyorova panguva yekukura nekukura hakuna kufanana. Semuenzaniso, hunyoro hwevhu hushoma (65 - 70% yeMPV) isati yamera uye panguva yekubuda kwayo inodiwa kuitira kuti iite midzi ine simba inopinda mukati mevhu, iyo isingagoni kukuvadzwa panguva yekurima kwepakati-mutsara. Zvakare, kukura kwakanaka kwemidzi kunoita kuti zvikwanise kutora zvirinani kudya kubva muvhu.
Panguva yekudiridza, zvinodikanwa kushandisa zviteshi zvemamiriro ekunze nema sensors evhu. Masensa evhu anopa ruzivo rwekuti ndeapi maitiro ari kuitika muvhu, kuti hunyoro hunodyiwa sei nemidzi yechirimwa uye nekusimba kwakadii.
ET0 chiteshi uye profil sensor
Musi waChikumi 27, vashandi veMetos LLC vakaisa seti yechiteshi chemamiriro ekunze kuti vatarise mwero wemvura uye hunyoro huripo muvhu mumunda weAgroAlliance - NN LLC purazi rekurima mbatatisi.
Iyo ET0 mamiriro ekunze chiteshi akashongedzerwa neinotevera seti yema sensors:
- Logger yekuendesa data kupuratifomu yegore,
- Chiyero chekunaya kwemvura,
- Kupisa kwemhepo uye humidity sensor,
- Yese solar radiation sensor,
- Ultrasonic anemometer yekumhanya kwemhepo uye kutungamira.
Zvinoenderana nekurudziro yeFAO, imhando iyi yemidziyo inobvumidza iwe kuverenga referensi uye chaiyo evapotranspiration (huwandu hwehunyoro hwakanyungudika munguva yakatarwa kubva pamusoro pemashizha ezvirimwa nevhu).
Iyo profil sensor ye volumetric hunyoro hwemukati muvhu zvakare yakabatana nechiteshi. Kubatsira kwerudzi urwu rwe sensor ndiko kukwanisa kunyatsotarisa hunyoro hwevhu huripo mukuwedzera kwe 10 cm. Muchiitiko chazvino, kudzora kudzika kwemasendimita makumi matanhatu kwakasarudzwa kutarisa nzvimbo inoshanda yembatata panguva dzakaoma dzemwaka wekukura. Volumetric hunyoro hwemukati ma sensors anoratidza kukosha mu%: uko 60% mune imwe layer inogona kududzirwa ku 1 mm mune gumi masendimita layer. Panguva imwecheteyo, nyanzvi dzedu dzinosarudza modhi inodhura asi yemhando yepamusoro ine chikanganiso chekuyera isingasviki 1%. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha kana uchishanda nevhu rakareruka, uko hunyoro hunowanikwa hunogona kunge hwakaderera zvakanyanya (10-1 mm). Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, zvikanganiso zve sensor zve 4-7% kana kupfuura zvinogona kukanganisa kukosha kwavo uye kukosha kwekuverenga kwakadaro. Mbatata dzakadyarwa dzinenge muna Chivabvu 2. Chiteshi chemamiriro ekunze chine Sentek profiles ivhu sensor yakaiswa mumunda muna Chikumi 3. Munguva yekushanda kwechiteshi chemamiriro ekunze uye sensor yevhu kubva munaJune 24 kusvika Chikunguru 27, tinogona kunzwisisa kuti kuvandudzwa kwemidzi yemidzi kunoitika sei uye kuti kunwisa hunyoro kunoitika sei munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzevhu.
Chati 1
Pagirafu (Girafu. 1) tinogona kuona kutevedzana kwehunyoro hunoshandiswa nechirimwa chehunyoro huripo. Midzi yemiti yemiti yakanyatsogadzirwa, sezvo kushandiswa kwehunyoro huripo hunoitika kubva pakadzika 0 - 50 cm. Nzvimbo inoshandiswa yemidzi inowanikwa pakadzika inenge 20 - 40 cm.
Kushandiswa kwemvura kwakasimba kunokonzerwa nekuti munguva kubva munaChikunguru 3 kusvika Chikunguru 9 (Girafu 2) pakanga paine kuwedzera kwekushisa kwevhu pakadzika kwe0 - 40 cm, semhedzisiro iyo chirimwa chakatanga kushandisa unyoro huripo. .
Chati 2
Kuderera kwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwemvura muvhu kunokanganisa kwete chete nemaitiro ekushandiswa kwemvura nechirimwa, asiwo nekubuda. Munguva kubva munaChikunguru 3 kusvika Chikunguru 9 (Girafu. 3), inenge 25 mm yehunyoro huripo hwakaputika kubva pamashizha uye pamusoro pevhu. Uye saka, patinenge tichironga kuita kudiridza kunotevera, zvakakosha kuti titarise kwete chete kuti hunyoro hupi hunoramba huri muvhu, asiwo kuti hunyoro hupi hunoputika mumhepo, kuitira kuti pakusarudza chiyero chekudiridza, tinoripa. nokuda kwehunyoro hwakarasika kwete chete kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwemvura, asiwo nekuda kwekuputika.
Chati 3
Uyewo, pakushanda ne sensor yevhu, tine mukana wekugadzirisa "Budget lines". Iri basa rinokubvumira kukurumidza kuongorora mamiriro ehunyoro huripo kune chirimwa uye sarudza mazinga akakodzera ekudiridza.
Chati 4
Kuteerera kune girafu (Girafu. 4), tinogona kutaura kuti simiti inokura mumamiriro ezvinhu akanaka ekukura nekukura (Green Zone) Sezvambotaurwa, kubva munaJuly 3 kusvika kuJuly 9, kushandiswa kwemvura kunoshandiswa nemuti kunoonekwa, nekuda kwekuti pamazuva ano kwaiva nekuverengwa kwekushisa kwemhepo. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kwaive nekukwira kwakanyanya kwehunyoro mumhepo, uye tembiricha yevhu yakawedzerawo. Kunaya kwenguva refu, iyo yakatanga muna Chikunguru 9 uye yakagara kusvika Chikunguru 12, yakanyorwa nechiteshi chemamiriro ekunze muhuwandu hunosvika 94 mm. Nekuda kwekunaya kwemuchadenga, iyo volumetric mwando muvhu yakawedzera zvekuti yakapinda munzvimbo ine mvura.nzvimbo yebhuruu) Nekuda kweizvi, hapana chikonzero chekudiridza musvondo rinotevera.
Pazvikamu zvakasiyana zvemwaka wekukura, kushaikwa uye kuwandisa kwehunyoro kune zvinokanganisa kukura nekukura kwechirimwa.
Kutenda kuchiteshi chakaiswa uye sensor, isu tine mukana wekuverenga chiyero chemvura, pamwe nekunyorova kunowanikwa kune chirimwa. Mashoko aya, akasanganiswa nemamiriro ekunze anotarisirwa, mwaka wekurima, kuumbwa kwevhu, uye midziyo yekudiridza, inobvumira kurongeka zvakanaka kwemadiridziro.
Zvinangwa zverutsigiro rwekurima uye chirongwa
Kutanga svondo rino, tine hurongwa hwekuburitsa gwaro resvondo rega rega senzira yerutsigiro rwezvekurima. Nerutsigiro rwezvekurima tinoreva kudyidzana kunoshanda kwenyanzvi dzedu nevashandi vepapurazi vane mutoro, pamwe nekugadzirwa kwezvose zviri zviviri zvinoshanda uye zvizere mufananidzo wenzvimbo yakasarudzwa yekudzora. Kwatiri, tiri kutaura pamusoro penyaya dzekutarisa hunyoro hwevhu, kuenzana kwemvura uye kugadzirisa madiridziro.