O. V. Abashkin,
Yury A. Masiuk,
O. A. Starovoitova,
YP Boyko,
V.N.Zeyruk,
N.N. Gordienko,
Z. N. Morzhenkova,
DV Abrosimov,
FSBSI Yese-Russian Sayenzi Yekutsvagisa Institute of Potato Kurima yakatumidzwa zita A.G. Lorkha
KUCHENGETA KUKOHWA
Ladybugs (lat. Coccinellidae) mhuri yemabete ehurongwa hweColeoptera hunogara pasi rese, kunze kweAntarctica nenzvimbo dzinobvumidzwa nechando. Zvipuka zvinofamba zviri pachena zvinowanzozivikanwa pakati pevanhu. Inenge zana emarudzi emhuri iyi anogara munharaunda yeRussia.
Ivhareji urefu hwechipembenene kubva pamamirimita matatu kusvika gumi. Chimiro chemuviri chakaita denderedzwa kana kutenderera, convex kana hemispherical kubva kumusoro, yakati sandara kubva pasi. Pronotum uye elytra vane zvakafanana yunifomu convexity. Zvitete zvinowanzo kuve zvine mavara akajeka, zvine mavara pa elytra.
Munyika medu, kune mhando nhatu dzemombe (herbivorous) mombe, pakati padzo pane tupukanana tushoma. KuFar East, mbichana mbichana mbichana-mbichana (Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata Motsch) inokonzeresa kukuvadza kudyarwa kwembatatisi, magaka nezvimwe zvirimwa zvemuriwo. Mumatunhu ekumaodzanyemba, alfalfa ladybird (Subcoccinella vigintiquatuorpunctata L.) zvinokanganisa alfalfa neshuga beet zvirimwa. MuSmolensk, Saratov nedzimwe nzvimbo dziri pakati peRussia nekumaodzanyemba kweRussia, ladybird isina mvura (Cynegetis impunctata L.) inokanganisa alfalfa, clover uye sweet clover.
Dzimwe dzese dzeRussia mhando dzemadzvinyu zvipuka. Beetles uye makonye ane husimbe kwazvo, anoparadza muhuwandu hwakawanda tupukanana tune njodzi semasvosve, nhunzi dzemashizha, zvipembenene zvine mwero, zvipembenene zvidiki uye zvikwekwe.
Madzimai echikadzi anokandira mazai pedyo neaphid colonies kana nzvimbo yekugara yeimwe arthropod mhando dzavanodyisa, imwechete kana mumakomba emazai gumi nemashanu kusvika rimwe nerimwe. Kazhinji vanovhiringidzika nekuisa-mazai eColorado mbatatisi bete, asi mazai emadzvinyu ane yero, kwete orenji, uye madiki zvikuru. Makonye ane mazera mana. Zvizvarwa zvinoverengeka zvinokura mukati megore. Madhimoni makuru anoshandisa hibernate, achishandisa matumba akasiyana siyana, dzimwe nguva achienda kunovharira munzvimbo imwechete munzvimbo dzakakura (mabatanidzwa), uko kwaanogona kuunganidzwa panguva dzekukanganiswa, anochengetwa mumidziyo kusvika muchirimo, oburitswa munzvimbo dzinogara tupuka.
Mambukanana anobatsira kwazvo sevadziviriri veuwandu hwezvipembenene uye anoshandiswa zvakanyanya muhurongwa hwehutongi hwezvisikwa. Dzimwe mhando, dzakadai seCryptolaemus montrouzieri Muls.Uye Rodolia cardinalis Muls., Dzakabudirira kuburitswa murabhoritari uye ndokuunzwa muzvisikwa kudzikamisa huwandu hwezvipembenene.
KUTSANANGURWA KWEMAHARA DZAKASIYANA
LADYBIRD ZISO
(Anatis ocellata L.)
Kureba kwemuviri: 8 kusvika 9 mm. Elytral suture muchikamu chepamusoro nechinyorwa chakafukidzwa nevhudzi rakakora. Iyo scutellum yakakura, inonyatso kuoneka. Elytra ine makumi maviri matema mavara ane mwenje marimu. Mune vamwe vanhu, mavara acho akasanganiswa zvishoma, kana mune mashoma manhamba. Kugovera: kwakapararira muEuropean chikamu cheRussia, muCrimea, Siberia uye kuFar East. Iyo inodyisa zvakanyanya pamapuru.
LADYBIRD MBIRI-YEMAHARA (Adalia bipunctata L.)
Kureba kwemuviri: 4 kusvika 5 mm. Pronotum ine mwenje, kazhinji yero, yekuyera muganho, dzimwe nguva kupenya nepateni yemadota matema. Vamwe vanhu vane M-yakaumbwa nzvimbo pane chirevo. Iyo elytral pateni inosiyana zvakanyanya. Muviri wakasviba pazasi. Yakaparadzirwa kwese kwese, kunze kwekuFar North.
LADYBIRD KUCHINJA
(Adonia variegata L.)
Kureba kwemuviri: 3-6 mm. Makonye ane muviri wakareba. Musana wacho mutema nemavara maviri yeyero. Vakuru vane amber tsvuku elytra ine zvitanhatu zvisina kuumbwa zvakaumbwa. Inogoverwa kwese kwese.Vakadzi vanoisa mazai anopenya eyero pazvirimwa mumapoka (kuisa mazai). Entomophage inopa zvizvarwa zvitatu pagore. Mumwe munhu anodya anosvika makumi maviri mazai eColorado mbatatete nyongoro mukati mezuva, anonyatsodya kabichi hove.
LADYBIRD SHANU
(Coccinella quinquepunctata L.)
Kureba kwemuviri: 3 kusvika 5 mm. Elytra ine maviri matema akapoteredzwa mavara imwe neimwe uye yakajairika nzvimbo padyo nescutellum. Kugovera kwakapararira, muEuropean chikamu cheRussia, muCaucasus, muCentral Asia, Siberia neFar East. Iyo inodyisa zvakanyanya pamapuru.
LADYBIRD PANE ZVINomwe
(Coccinella septempunctata L.)
Rudzi rwakakurumbira rwemadzvinyu. Kureba kwemuviri: 5 kusvika 8 mm. Iyo elytra yakachena pa scutellum ine nhanhatu matema matema uye imwe yakajairwa scutellum nzvimbo. Yakagoverwa kwese kwese. Iyo inodya zvakanyanya pamusoro pemasvosve, makonye uye vakuru (vakuru) vanodya mazai nemaruva evana vadiki veColorado mbatata bete.
LADYBIRD PANE ZVITATU
(Hippodamia tredecimpunctata L.)
Kureba kwemuviri: 4 kusvika 7 mm. Elytra yero. Iwo ekumucheto mamaraini eiyo chirevo ane akapamhama mwenje muganho ine yakadomwa nhema dot. Haisi kuwanikwa mumarenje eCentral Asia neTranscaucasia. Inogara zvinomera pedyo nemitumbi yemvura. Iyo inodyisa zvakanyanya pamapuru.
LADYBUG INOSHAMISA
(Ithone mirabilis Motsch.)
Kureba kwemuviri: 4 kusvika 6 mm. Yakaparadzirwa muFar East. Iyo inodyisa zvakanyanya pamapuru. LADYBIRD GUMI NEMA (Coccinella quatuorddecimpustulata L.)
Kureba kwemuviri: 3 kusvika 4 mm. Mabhiramu acho akareruka. Elytra ine 14 yero makwapa, iyo yekumashure nzvimbo yakasarudzika uye yakasarudzika. Kugovera kwakapararira, mukati meEuropean chikamu cheRussia, Caucasus, Siberia uye Far East. Iyo inodyisa zvakanyanya pamapuru.
LADYBIRD PANE GUMI NANE
(Propylaea quatuordecimpunctata L.)
Mhando yezita rimwe chete, asi akasiyana muhunhu hwehunhu. Kureba kwemuviri: 3 kusvika 5 mm. Yakaparadzirwa zvakanyanya kubva ku tundra kuenda kunzvimbo yemasango-steppe.
Iko kune katatu notch pamucheto wekunze kwemesothorax. Elytra ine nhema nhema. Iyo pateni yeiyo chirevo uye elytra inosiyana. Iyo inodyisa zvakanyanya pamaaphid, inogona kudya thrips. Iyi mhando yemadzvinyu inokwanisa kubereka yakazvimiririra mumagirinhi kwenguva yakareba. Vakadzi vanoisa mazai pazvirimwa. Kuvandudza kwakanyanya: tembiricha + 24 ... + 25оC, hunyoro hune hukama 70-85%. Izvo zvipuka zvinokura mumazuva manomwe kusvika kumasere. Nekudzikira kwemamiriro ekunze, kukura kwemaruva kunonoka. Hadzi dzinorarama paavhareji mazuva makumi matanhatu nemashanu uye dzinoisa mazai kubva pamazai mazana maviri nemakumi manomwe nemakumi matatu panguva ino. Mukuita, iyi ladybug inoshandiswa kurwisa mavise uye greenhouse aphid padanho rekuputira maruva ekutanga uye echipiri masisitimu mune chikara - chiyero chevapfuuri che7: 8. Mhedzisiro yakanaka yakawanikwa nekuburitswa kwakawanda kwemaruva ane chinguva chevhiki imwe chete. Vakadzi vechikara vane yakakwira yekutsvaga kugona uye vanowana hove kunyangwe iine mashoma kugovera.
CRYPTOLEM YEMONTROZIERA (Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant.)
Kureba kwemuviri wechipembenene chevakuru: kubva pamamirimita matatu kusvika mana, maruva anokwanisa kusvika gumi nematanhatu mm, akafukidzwa nechinhu chine waxy chinoita kuti vatarisike senge mhuka yavo - mealybugs. Nzvimbo yakasikwa yekugovera: Kumabvazuva kweAustralia.
Mhando iyi yakaunzwa (yakaunzwa uye yakajairidzwa) kune nyika zhinji dzepasi, kusanganisira USSR (RF). Chikafu chakajairwa: mazai, nymphs uye vakuru coccids, pamushini uye mealybugs pane zvekushongedza uye zvinomera zvemiriwo. Imwe cryptolemus larva inogona kudya / kukuvara kubva pamazana mana kusvika kumazana manomwe emazai, mazana matatu kusvika mazana matatu kana mazana mana- makonye pazuva. Pakutonhora pamusoro +4оC, iko kuita kwecryptolemus inodonha zvakanyanya, patembiricha pazasi pe9оNavo vanorasikirwa zvachose nezviitiko (tembiricha yakakwana: + 22 ... + 25оC, hunyoro hune hukama 70-80%). Hadzi inokandira kusvika mazai zana nemazana. Yakazara kutenderera kutenderera, zvinoenderana nemamiriro ekupisa, anotora mazuva 1100-25. Zvitete zvinorarama kubva pamwedzi mitatu kusvika kuminomwe. Ivo vanonyanya kushandira pamazuva akajeka ezuva, mune greenhouses - mune yakajeka mwenje. Paavhareji, vanhu vaviri pa 72 m vanoburitswa mukati megakava rezvipembenene zvecryptolemus2 ine chinguva chevhiki mbiri, iine huwandu hwakanyanya hwechipembenene, iyo yekuburitsa mwero inowedzerwa ne5-10 nguva.
LEIS DIMIDIATA (Leis dimidiata Fabr.)
Kureba kwemuviri: anopfuura gumi mm. Nzvimbo yechisikigo yekuparadzira: Southeast Asia. Mhando iyi yakaunzwa (yakaunzwa uye yakajairidzwa) kune nyika zhinji dzepasi, kusanganisira USSR (RF). Mukadzi anokarira kubva pamazai makumi matatu kusvika makumi mana pazuva, anenge mazai zviuru zviviri muzvizere. Kubudirira kwepamusoro: kupisa + 10 ... + 30оC. Chiyero chepabonde: 1: 1. Kana uchidya peach hove mumarabhoritari mamiriro, zvinoenderana netembiricha, iyo nguva yekukura kwezai: mazuva 3-5, maruva - mazuva 14-22, mapundu - mazuva mashanu kusvika masere, nguva yekutanga - mazuva 5-8, zvipembenene zvevanhu vakuru zvinorarama 22-35 mwedzi. Zvinyamututa nemakonye zvinodya marudzi mazhinji emaanyu, anosanganisira mavise nemapfunde, pamwe nemazai ebhururu (Lepidoptera). Entomophage maruva ekutanga uye echipiri masisitimu anosunungurwa munzvimbo dzezvipembenene. Pamapuropiti anorwisa hove muchiyero che4: 6, pamaruva - 1: 40.
CYCLONEDA LIMBIFER
(Cycloneda limbifer Cassey.)
Kureba kwemuviri: anopfuura gumi mm. Nzvimbo yechisikigo yekuparadzira: tropical zone. Mhando iyi yakaunzwa kunyika zhinji dzepasi, kusanganisira USSR (RF). Iyo inoshingairira kudya hove. Zvekudzivirira kwehupenyu kubva kune hove, vanodya dutu vanoparadzirwa munzvimbo dzekudyara, kwavanokwanisa kubereka vakazvimiririra. Pane inotapira mhiripiri, Cycloneda inodya dzinenge dzose hove pairi. Munguva yehupenyu hwayo, rimwe gonhi rinodya zvinosvika mazana maviri nemakumi manomwe, uye chipembenene chevakuru - vanhu vanopfuura 10 vevise kana peach aphid. Mota yekutanga yechamupupuri yekutanga inokwanisa kudyidzana (kudya nyama). Kune eggplants, magaka uye mhiripiri, dutu rinoburitswa muganho-mhuka kubva ku270: 1300 kusvika 1:5. Iine huwandu hwemashiri kubva mazana mashanu kana kudarika, kuburitswa kwecryptolemus larvae kunofanira kuwedzerwa ka1-25 nguva.
Muna 2018, vashandi veFGBNU VNII KH ivo. A.GLorkha akaita chidzidzo chekudzidza nezve chikamu chemadzvinyu mukudzora huwandu hweColorado mbatatisi bete, kucherechedza kwakaitwa panzvimbo dzekuyedza dzesangano.
Mhando dzembatatisi maererano nekuwanda kwenhamba dzemabete: Luna, Vector, Pennant, Irbit, Meteor, Nakra, Rocco, Lyubava, Snow White, Skarb, Nikulinsky, Bora, Luck, Aurora, Belar, Kiwi, Nevsky, Zhukovsky kwayedza, Krasavchik, Gala , Blueness, Simba, Lorkh.
Ivhareji yevagari veColorado mbatata bete haina kusvika mapoinzi mana, ndiko kuti, chipembenene hachina kutyisidzira basa rakakosha uye tuberization yembatatisi.
Chiyero cheuwandu hwemadzvinyu uye Colorado mbatatisi beetle kune makadhinari mapoinzi akaongororwa (Tafura 2).
Nhamba yakakura kwazvo yeColorado mbatatisi bete yakanyorwa kubva kumaodzanyemba nekumabvazuva mativi ekudyara mbatatisi, uye nhamba yepamusoro kwazvo yemadzvinyu akaonekwawo ipapo. Vakapusa pane vese vaive pakati pechikamu chekumhara.
Kukwezva kukuru kwechizvarwa chekutanga Colorado mbatatisi nyuchi yaive naLyubava, Lorkh, Belar naSnow White. Ladybugs akasarudza Belar, Golubizna, Kiwi mhando. Uye iro rakakura basa remadzvinyu rakaonekwa pamhando dzakasiyana Golubizna, Vector, Kiwi, Belar naRocco.
Dynamic equilibrium predator - mhuka (SHJ - 1.00) yakaonekwa paAurora, Bera, Vympel, Irbit, Meteor, Nakra, Nevsky, RS, Skarb uye Udacha.
Basa rakaderera kwazvo remadzvinyu rakaonekwa pamhando dzakasiyana - Lorkh, Gala, Snow White, Luna, Lyubava.
Imwe yemhedziso yakaitwa zvichibva pamhedzisiro yechidzidzo: kuitira kudzvinyirira zvachose huwandu hwevanhu veColorado mbatatete, maruva emadzvinyu anofanirwa kuburitswa muchisikwa (akaunzwa) mukupera kwaMay - kutanga kwaJune muhuwandu hwevanhu makumi mana--40 pagwenzi.
Muna2019, huwandu hwemadzvinyu mumunda wembatatisi wakadzikira zvakanyanya, izvo zvakakonzera kubuda kweColorado mbatatisi nyonganyonga yakawanda kudarika muganho wezvehupfumi hwehuwandu hwevanhu, hwaida kurapwa kwemakemikari mumunda uchipesana nebete.