Evgeny Leshchenko, Gurukota rezvekurima weNovosibirsk Dunhu
Nharaunda: 177,76 zviuru sq. km.
Vagari: 2 798 170 vanhu, uye iyo 79,21% vagari veguta.
Nzvimbo: Nharaunda yeNovosibirsk iri kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweWest Siberian Plain. Kuchamhembe, inopinda mudunhu reTomsk, kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero - neKazakhstan, kumadokero - nedunhu reOmsk, kumaodzanyemba - neAltai Territory, kumabvazuva - nedunhu reKemerovo.
Mamiriro ekunze kondinendi, yakanyanya kuoma kupfuura kumatunhu eEurope neAmerica ari panzvimbo imwecheteyo. Mwaka mina yegore inodudzwa. Nguva yechando yakasimba uye yakareba ine chakavhara chando chakavhara kubva pamasendimita makumi maviri kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kusvika 20-50 cm kuchamhembe, mune dzimwe nguva nemhepo ine simba uye dutu rechando. Avhareji yaJanuary tembiricha: -70 ... -18 ° С. Zhizha dzinopisa, asi dzakapfupika - kubva pamazuva makumi mapfumbamwe kusvika zana kuchamhembe uye kusvika pamazuva 20-90 kumaodzanyemba. Mwedzi unotonhora kwazvo ndiChikunguru (+ 100 ... + 120 ° С).
Shanduko mwaka (chirimo, matsutso) ipfupi uye inoratidzwa nemamiriro ekunze asina kugadzikana, kudzoka kwekutonhora kwemamiriro ekunze. Ground frosts inotanga muhafu yepiri yaGunyana uye inopera pakupera kwaMay.
Avhareji yekunaya kwegore ndeye 414 mm (kubva pa290 kusvika 540 mm). Kusvika pa70% yemvura inonaya iri muchimiro chemvura, kazhinji kacho ine mafashama nemabhanan'ana. Pakati peizvi, 20% inowira muna Chivabvu-Chikumi, kunyanya, munguva kubva Kubvumbi kusvika Gumiguru pane (paavhareji) 330 mm yemvura, munguva kubva munaNovember kusvika Kurume - 95 mm. Maodzanyemba uye kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero mhepo dzinokunda. Mhepo dzakaoma uye kusanaya kwemvura kunoonekwa kumatunhu ekumaodzanyemba emawere. Mwaka wekukura: kubva pamazuva 144-148 kuchamhembe kusvika mazuva 158-163 kumaodzanyemba.
Rubatsiro: kazhinji yakadzika. Chikamu chedunhu, chiri kuruboshwe kweRwizi rweOb, chinogarwa nebani rakadzika (120 m pamusoro pegungwa) riine mamakisi matatu kusvika gumi emamita-mana senzvimbo dzekuyamura.Bhangi rerudyi reOb rakakwidziridzwa uye rine zvikomo. Kumabvazuva kwenzvimbo iyi iSarair ridge ine nzvimbo yepamusoro yedunhu (3 m pamusoro pegungwa).
Ivhu: kazhinji podzolic uye grey sango. Nekuda kwehurombo hwechikamu chakakosha chenharaunda yedunhu, hunyoro hwematombo-anogadzira matombo uye pasi pevhu, ivhu rine munyu rakagadzirwa zvakanyanya pano: meadow-chernozem, meadow, boggy, matope emunyu, maruva emunyu nemera.
Nzvimbo yekurima: 7752,475 zviuru mahekita.
Dunhu reNovosibirsk rinosvika pechishanu muSiberia Federal District maererano nekugadzirwa kwembatatisi. Nezve kukosha kwakaita tsika iyi kudunhu uye kana paine tarisiro yekuwedzera kugadzirwa, tinotaura negurukota rezvekurima weNovosibirsk Dunhu E.M. Leshchenko.
- Evgeny Mikhailovich, mbatatisi haigone kunzi chirimwa chikuru cheNovosibirsk dunhu. Asi ichiri kutora nzvimbo ine mukurumbira munzvimbo yezvirimwa here?
- Muna 2019, nzvimbo yekudyara kwechirimwa ichi mumapurazi ezvikamu zvese yakazosvika mahekita zviuru zvuru makumi manomwe nenomwe, muna 19,7 zvishoma zvishoma - zviuru gumi nezvisere.
Ndingada zvakare kuona kuti matunhu ese enharaunda ari kuita kurima mbatatisi. Muna 2019, goho repamusoro rakawanikwa mudunhu reNovosibirsk - 47,9 zviuru zvematani, Ordynsky - 30 zviuru zvematani, Moshkovsky - 26,3 zviuru ematani.
Kana isu tikataura nezvemaindasitiri chikamu, saka muna 2019 masangano ezvekurima nemapurazi evarimi mudunhu akagovera 3,6 zviuru mahekita ekurima mbatatisi. Vhoriyamu goho kwakakura yaisvika zviuru mazana manomwe neshanu nemazana mashanu ematani. Ivhareji goho ndeye 72,5 c / ha.
Muna 2020, mbatatisi dzakasimwa munzvimbo inosvika ma2736 XNUMX mahekita.
Pakazara, gumi nematanhatu emabhizimusi ekurima, makumi matatu nematatu evarimi (ekurima) mabhizinesi uye vamwe varimabhizimusi vari kuita kurima mbatatari mudunhu iri. Ivo vese vanoshingairira kushandisa kwazvino kurima matekinoroji.
Chinonyanya kutarisisa chirimwa ichi (vanoverenga 67,6% yehuwandu hwembatatisi inogadzirwa mumabhizimusi ekurima, mapurazi evarimi uye vamwe vatengesi) inobhadharwa na: ZAO SPH "Yarkovskoe", IE Leonidov AP, OOO LEONiS, OOO OPH "Dary Ordynska", LLC "Mapindu eGiant". Kubatsira kwakanyanya kwekugadzirwa kwembatatisi kwakawanikwa muLeONiS LLC (268,8%), Sady Giganta LLC (121,4%), SIBKRA LLC (120,7%).
- Pane zvirongwa zvematunhu zvekutsigira mbatatisi iri kukura mudunhu reNovosibirsk?
- Zvinoenderana nechisungo cheHurumende yeNovosibirsk dunhu re02.02.2015 No. 37-p "Pachirongwa chehurumende chenharaunda yeNovosibirsk" Kubudirira kwekurima nekugadzirisa misika yezvigadzirwa zvekurima, mbishi uye chikafu munzvimbo yeNovosibirsk "inopa runyorwa rwemaitiro ehurumende ekutsigira akatsigirwa kubva kuFederal. uye matunhu mabhajeti: kudzoreredzwa kwechimwe chikamu chemutengo wekuita yakaoma yemabasa eagrotechnical, kudzoreredzwa kwechimwe chikamu chemutengo wekutenga elite nembeu dzepakutanga, kudzoreredzwa kwechimwe chikamu chemutengo wekutenga nzira dzehunyanzvi nemidziyo.
- Ndeapi marudzi embatatisi anonyanya kurimwa mudunhu iri? Kugadzirwa kwembeu yematatari kunogadzirwa here?
- Zvinoenderana neruzivo rwunopihwa nebazi reFederal State Budgetary Institution Rosselkhoztsentr mudunhu reNovosibirsk, zvichibva pakuongororwa kweshumo yembeu dzakadyarwa kwemakore matatu (2018-2020), anotevera marudzi anonyanya kufarirwa mumapurazi ezvekurima mudunhu reNovosibirsk: Gala, Tuleyevsky, Rozara, Red Scarlett, Lina.
Dunhu rinozadzisa zvido zvaro zvemhando yepamusoro mbeu. Sib-NIIRS (bazi re ICG SB RAS), KFH "Nastenka", ZAO SPH "Michurinets" inonyanya kukura mbeu mbatatisi mudunhu.
- Kambani PepsiCo ichavhura chirimwa chekugadzira machipsi mudunhu reNovosibirsk. Makambani ezvekurima akagadzirira here kurima mhando dzemapatatisi?
- Ehe, varimi vekurima vakagamuchira zvirongwa zvePepsiCo zvekuvaka fekitori yekugadzirisa mudunhu medu nechido chikuru. Mune ramangwana, mapurazi mazhinji angade kuve mumwe wevanonyanya kupa. Panyaya iyi, muna 2020, ivo agrarians vemunharaunda vakawedzera nzvimbo yekudyara machipisi embatatisi.
Ehezve, isu tese tinonzwisisa kuti kugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa chakadai kunoda ruzivo rwakakomba uye hunyanzvi, asi vanhu vakagadzirira kudzidza.
MunaNovember 2019, panguva yepasi rose agro-indasitiri yekuratidzira "Siberian Agrarian Vhiki", tafura yakatenderera "Yakabatanidzwa matekinoroji ekurima machipisi embatatisi" yakarongedzwa, iyo yakaunza pamwechete vazhinji vanofarira varimi vekurima. Vakapotera tafura vatori vechikamu vakagamuchira ruzivo rwakawanda (kusanganisira kubva kumumiriri wePepsiCo) nezvemitemo yekugadzirira ivhu, izvo zvakasarudzika zvekudyara nekukohwa machipisi embatatisi. Uye ini ndinofunga ichi hachisi chiitiko chekupedzisira cherudzi urwu.
- Muna 2017-18, vezvenhau vakaburitsa ruzivo nezve kugadzirwa kwechikwata cheRussia-Chinese mbatatisi mudunhu reNovosibirsk. Ichi chirongwa chichaenderera mberi here?
- Nehurombo, mumakore achangopfuura, kugadzirwa kwembatatisi mudunhu kwave kuderera nezvikonzero zvinoverengeka. Iyo nhanho yekuzvimiririra muchigadzirwa i84,0% (ine yega yekudyiwa pachiyero che94,1 kg pamunhu). Tichifunga izvi, kuumbwa kwechikwata cheRussia-Chinese mbatatisi mudunhu parizvino chinoonekwa sechisina basa. Asi zvisinei, isu hatisi kugumisa chirongwa ichi uye tichazonyatsodzokera mukufungisisa kwayo kana kuzvikwanira mumatatata kwasvika zana muzana.
- Ko mabhizinesi ekurima eNovosibirsk anopa mbatatisi kunze kwenyika here?
- Sekureva kwedunhu reDhipatimendi reFederal Service yeVeterinary uye Phytosanitary Supervision, mu2019, vagadziri vekurima veNovosibirsk vakatengesa kunze kwemakumi matanhatu ematani e mbatatisi. Kununurwa kwakaitwa kuRepublic of Kazakhstan. Huwandu hwacho hudiki, asi mune ramangwana tinoronga kuwedzera huwandu hwekutengesa kunze kwenyika uye nekupa rubatsiro kune vanogadzira zvekurima vanoshuvira kushanda munzira iyi (rutsigiro rwuri kutoitwa mukati mehurongwa hweprojekiti yedunhu "Export of Agricultural Products").
- Iyo mbatatari yekuchengetera sisitimu yakagadzirwa mudunhu?
- 27 emabhizimusi ekurima ane yavo masimba ekuchengetedza miriwo uye mbatatari mudunhu, iyo nzvimbo yekuchengetera ndeye 60,4 zviuru matani. Panguva imwecheteyo, matatu emakambani ane makuru ekuchengetera zvivakwa anotendera kuisa zvigadzirwa muhuwandu hwematani zviuru gumi nezvishanu nemazana mashanu.
Parizvino, kuvakwazve kwenzvimbo yekuchengetera mbatatisi (inokwana matani zviuru gumi nezviviri) munzvimbo yekurima yeYarkovskoye iri kuitika.
- Muna 2015, dunhu reNovosibirsk rakapemberera makore zana nemakumi matanhatu ekutanga kwebasa rekugadzirisa basa muBarabinskaya steppe. Dunhu iri rine chekuita nekuvandudza ivhu nhasi? Nharaunda yemadiridziro iri kukura here?
- Kubva 2015, isu tanga tichiita chirongwa chehurongwa hwehurumende "Kuvandudza kudzoreredzwa kweminda yekurima mudunhu reNovosibirsk". Munguva iyi, mabhizimusi ekurima akagamuchira 108,9 mamirioni rubles semubatsiro wenyika, kusanganisira 77,9 mamirioni rubles pamutero webhajeti yemubatanidzwa, 31,0 mamirioni rubles pamubhadharo webhajeti rematunhu, 5 melioration masisitimu akavakwa uye kuvakwazve nenzvimbo yekudiridza yakazara 1,9 zviuru mahekita.
Nzvimbo yenzvimbo yemadiridziro mudunhu reNovosibirsk iri zviuru makumi matatu nezvitanhatu, mahekita zviuru makumi matatu nezvishanu, mairi mahekita zviuru makumi matatu nezvishanu ivhu rekurima.
- Vezvenhau vanonyora zvakawanda nezve kusanaya kwemvura mudunhu reNovosibirsk gore rino. Mamiriro ekunze akaoma achakanganisa chirimwa chembatatisi here?
- Pakutanga kwaNyamavhuvhu, hutongi hwechimbichimbi hwenzvimbo yemaspala nekuda kwekuoma kubva muvhu hwakaunzwa mumatunhu gumi nemanomwe kubva makumi matatu enharaunda iyi, mazhinji acho ari kumaodzanyemba nekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kwenharaunda. Kuongorora kwekukuvadza kuri kuitwa iye zvino munzvimbo dzakakanganiswa. Munzvimbo dzine njodzi, dzimbahwe dzakagadzirwa kuti dzibatanidze zviito uye kuunganidza ruzivo rwekushanda. Iwo mahofisi makuru, pamwe nekubatana nevatungamiriri vemasangano ezvekurima, vatungamiriri vemapurazi evarimi, vamwe vanhu vezvemabhizimusi vanoita zviitiko zvekurima, vanotora matanho ekuderedza kukuvara. Zviripachena, hakuzove nekukohwa rekodhi gore rino, asi mamiriro ari mumapurazi embatatisi haasi akakosha: parizvino, hapana kufa kwekudyara mbatatisi kwakacherechedzwa.