Nguva yechando yechando yakachengetedza chikamu chakakura chezvirimwa zvechando izvo zvakatambura nemamiriro ekunze akaoma mukudonha. Kuwanda kwehunyoro mumatsutso kuchave kwakajairika kumatunhu mazhinji eRussia. Nyanzvi kubva muna Nyamavhuvhu kambani, hombe muRussia mugadziri wezvirimwa zvinodzivirira zvigadzirwa, cherekedza kuti muna 2021 pane zvinhu zvinotarisirwa kune tsime rakareba, apo kunonoka kunonoka kwechando uye ivhu rinotonhora kunogona kunetesa mbesa. Zvirimwa mumamiriro ekushomeka kwehutano hazvina chekuzvidzivirira kuzhinji phytopathogens. Kune yega zvirimwa, nekuda kwezvirwere zvavo uye mamiriro ekunze, zvinokwanisika kurasikirwa kusvika makumi maviri muzana ezviyo kana matanho asina kutorwa munguva yekudyisa uye kuchengetedza zvirimwa.
Pakutanga kwaKurume, Roshydrometeorological Center yakagadziridza fungidziro yezvirimwa zvechando: kana pakutanga kwechando mugove wezvirimwa zvakashata uye zvisati zvabuda wakafungidzirwa sechikamu chimwe muzvishanu chenzvimbo dzese dziri pasi pezvirimwa zvechando, ikozvino isingasviki chegumi: Kunaya kwechando kwakanyanyisa kugadzirisa mamiriro acho.
"Kudengenyeka kwepasi rose mune zviitiko zvemamiriro ekunze zvatiri kuona zvinoshamisa uye zvinokanganisa nyika yese," anodaro Dmitry Belov, mukuru wedhipatimendi rekuvandudza zvigadzirwa zvekambani yaNyamavhuvhu. - Mwaka uno wechando, taigona kuona kuwira kwechando munyika yese, kubva kumaodzanyemba kusvika kuSiberia, tisingatauri tembiricha inotonhora kune rumwe rutivi rwepasi - semuenzaniso, muTexas. Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti yekupedzisira mwaka wekupedzisira waive wakashungurudza varimi vekumaodzanyemba uye chikamu chepakati matunhu eRussia. Nekuda kwekusanaya kwemvura, vakatarisana nemubvunzo uyu: mirira hunyoro nekudyara gare gare, kana kudyara pakutanga, asi simbisa kudyara. Muchiitiko chechipiri, zvirimwa zvinonyanya kupihwa hunyoro, asi zvine mikana mishoma yekurima uye, sekutonga, dzinogona kugadzira imwechete inobereka. Zvino, mushure mekudonha kwechando, tinoona kuti kudyara kwakadzika mumatunhu iwayo uko zvirimwa zvechando zvinowanzo kutyisidzira pamusoro pechando hazvina musoro, kudyara kwakanonoka kwakave nemukana wekuvandudza uye, nekudaro, isu tinogona kutotaura nezve kukohwa kungangoitika. Zvakadaro, zvaive zvakaoma kwazvo kufanotaura zviitiko zvakadaro panguva yemushandirapamwe wekudyara matsutso ”.
Sezvo nyanzvi dze "Nyamavhuvhu" dzicherekedza, hazvisi zvekunaya chete. Mhepo nechando zvinowanzo tamba - chando kubva kuminda mune akadai mamiriro anogona kuputika mumakomba nemumakoronga. Zvisinei, munguva ino yechando mamiriro ekunze aive kudivi revarimi. Semuenzaniso, muStavropol Territory, uko nzvimbo yepakati yenharaunda yakatanga kufukidzwa nesinou, ichiteverwa neyakaoma chikamu chekumabvazuva, mumamiriro ekunze akadzikama tembiricha yemhepo yakawedzera, kutonhora kwechando kwakaumbwa, uye mhepo dzakasimba dzikamira kuita tyisidziro kuminda. Chando chakasara pavari, kana chanyungudika, chinokwanisa kuzadza ivhu. Tembiricha dzakadzika muCentral Federal District (semuenzaniso, kudonha muiyo thermometer kusvika -37 ° C mudunhu reTula) zvakare haina kukuvadza gorosi remuchando: kureba kwevhavha yechando panguva ino yakanga yasvika pamamita pano uye yakadzivirira zvirimwa. Izvi zvinoshandawo kuCentral Nharaunda Yepasi Nharaunda, Northwestern Federal District, Siberia nenzvimbo zhinji dzeRussia. Iyo Republic of Tatarstan, Altai Territory nedzimwe nzvimbo dzine mamiriro ekunze epasi rose dzakasangana neyakajairika nguva yechando - isina chakakanganisika zvakanyanya uye nekunaya kwakanaka. Aya mamiriro ari kutogadzira izvo zvinodiwa kuti uwane goho rezviyo (anosvika makumi masere muzana pahekita). Asi kuwedzera mukugadzirwa kunoenderana nemvura yekunaya yezhizha, nekuti hunyoro hunowanzo kushomeka pano. Sezvo 30 yakaratidza, vagadziri vekurima vane hanya nematanho ane chekuita nekuchengetedza hunyoro, senge kuchinjira kurima shoma, kushandisa zvirimwa zvekuvhara, uye kuchengetedza zvisaririra zvezvirimwa, vachave nemukana.
Zvakangodaro, nekuda kwekusanaya kwematsutso, maagrarians vakadyara kubata chibharo kwechando vakazviwana vari mumamiriro ekusava nechokwadi: kana gorosi yechando mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro inogona kumirira kana kuenda pasi pechando muchikamu che "mutsipa", pamusoro pechando nekukura, ipapo kubatwa chibharo kazhinji anofa mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro. Mugove wenzvimbo "dzakarasika" pasi pekudyara kubatwa chibharo muchando muSouthern Federal District inogona kunge ingangoita makumi mashanu muzana, uye mubvunzo wekutengesa zvakare uchafanirwa kusarudzwa kwete chete nevarimi kumatunhu ekumaodzanyemba, asiwo nemamwe mapurazi mu North-West uye Central Federal Dunhu. Kazhinji, nyanzvi dzekambani "Nyamavhuvhu" dzinofungidzira kuti acreage yevakabatwa chibharo muRussia icharamba ichikura, asi kwete nekukurumidza sezvakaita mumakore mashanu apfuura: mumatunhu akati wandei, varimi vachasarudza kudyara sunflower kana flax yemafuta pachinzvimbo , iyo yakaratidza purofiti yepamusoro mushure mekukohwa 50 gore.
Ichi chitubu chinogona kunge chakareba munzvimbo zhinji. Kana ivhu rikadziya zvishoma nezvishoma, nguva yekudyara inozochinja kana ichawira munguva dzinotonhora, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa goho rinogoneka. Varimi vembatatisi vakasangana nedambudziko rakadai gore rapfuura, uye mamiriro aya anogona kuzvidzokorora. Kana ichinge yadyarwa muvhu rinotonhora, hutachiona uye hutachiona hutachiona, iyo inobata chikamu chakakosha chembeu, ichakura nekukurumidza, uye pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu aya, kurapa fungicide yeiyo tubers pachayo nekudyara mihoronga ichave yakanyanya kukosha.
Pakatarisana nekwakakura huwandu hwakawanda hwechando, varimi vanogona kusangana nedambudziko rakadai sekunyorovesa zvirimwa zvechando. Ivhavha yechando haibve nezuva rimwe chete, nehusiku husiku, kuumbwa kwechando kunogoneka, uye kana panguva ino mbesa dzatove dzichikura kukura, kufudza nekufema, ipapo maitiro ekudyiwa kwezvinovaka zvemuti pachayo inoenda nekukurumidza, asi patembiricha yakaderera kushandiswa kwavo kuburikidza nemudzi iyo sisitimu yakanyanya kushomeka. Pazvirimwa zvisina kusimba zvechando, chando muforoma, typhulosis mold, uye sclerotinosis inokura kubva pasi pechando chevhavha. Hunyoro hwakakwira hunogadzira mamiriro ekuonekwa kweupfu hwehuvhu uye nemhando dzakasiyana dzemidzi inoora pachando nechirimo zvirimwa. MuKrasnodar Territory, mapurazi mazhinji akatotanga kufudza zvirimwa zvechando kuitira kudzivirira kupera simba kwawo.
Kudyara bhari mumamiriro echitubu chakareba kunotyisidzirwa nezvirwere senge brown brown nzvimbo uye netted nzvimbo, uye kuitira kudzivirira kukura kwehutachiona, yekutanga fungicidal kurapwa kwembeu inofanira kuitwa panguva yekutanga nhanho nhanho - kutanga pane, semuenzaniso, kana iri gorosi.
"Muna 2020, mamwe matunhu eRussia akagamuchira goho rakakura kwazvo kekutanga, kusanganisira nekuwedzera maekare," anodaro Dmitry Belov. - Mukudonha, takaonazve chiitiko chakanangana nekuwedzera kwenzvimbo iri pasi pezvirimwa zvechando. Goho pahekita imwe iri kukurawo, uye uchifunga nezve mikana yemhando dzakasiyana siyana, pamwe nemamiriro ekunze, kana mamiriro akanaka ezvekurima, pamwe nekudziya, kuchinjira kuchamhembe, zvinova zvakafanira kuwedzera kuwanda kwekurapwa nevamiririri. kurwisana nezvirwere zvezvirimwa - fungicides. Mushure mezvose, hutachiona mumamiriro matsva anotanga kufambira mberi. "
Kune yega zvirimwa, nekuda kwezvirwere zvavo uye mamiriro ekunze, zvinokwanisika kurasikirwa kusvika makumi maviri muzana ezviyo kana matanho asina kutorwa munguva yekudyisa uye kuchengetedza zvirimwa. Kana zviri zvezvipukanana, chifukidziro chechando chakachengetedza zvirimwa chakapawo mamiriro ekunze echando mashoma kune vakuru zvipembenene uye maputi. Panguva imwecheteyo, nyanzvi dzinoona kuti huwandu hwezvipuka zvakadai sekabichi moth hwadzikira muna20, kazhinji, simba revagari varo riri kuderera, uye gore rino harifanirwe kukonzera matambudziko akakomba kune varimi vekurima kana vachengeti venyuchi vanomanikidzwa kudzora kubhururuka kwezvipembenene. kana uchigadzirisa minda.
"Ndinoda kutarisira kuti gore rino tichapfuura chando chaApril muSouthern Federal District, sezvo izvi zvichityisidzira kukuvadza zvirimwa zvegorosi zvechando zvakagadzirwa zvakanaka, pamwe nemabukira muminda yemichero yemapuro, izvo zvinokanganisa hunhu uye huwandu hwe maapuro uye, nekudaro, mutengo wavo mune ramangwana. ", - anowedzera Dmitry Belov.
Pakati pezvinhu zvingangokanganisa kukohwa, nyanzvi dzinodaidza kuunzwa kwequotas nemabasa ekutengesera kunze kwegorosi, rye, chibage nebhari, pamwe nembeu dzemafuta. Varimi vanoverengeka uye nyanzvi dzakatotaura nezvekudzikisira kunogona kuitika munzvimbo iri pasi pezviyo. Nekudaro, gorosi mumakambani ekuRussia ekurima anoverengera makumi mashanu muzana kana kupfuura enzvimbo dzese dzakadyarwa, uye muna 50 nzvimbo yekufambisa yevarimi vakuru ichatapudzwa nekuda kwepaki dzakaumbwa dzemuchina wekurima nemidziyo, izvo zvakasarudzika zvekutenderera kwezvirimwa nezvimwe. zvinhu. Asi mune ramangwana, zvirambidzo zvemusika zvinogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya chimiro chechirimwa.
Mitengo yezvigadzirwa zvemuriwo mumwaka wekurima wa2020 / 2021 inogona zvakare kukanganiswa nematambudziko nekufamba kwevashandi vekunze kuminda yeRussia nekuda kwechirwere checoronavirus chiri kuenderera mberi. "Kana paine zvinodiwa pakuita izvi, ndinokurudzira kutumira vadzidzi kubva kumayunivhesiti eagar, kusanganisira neese masimba, kuminda, sezvavanotaura, kunhuwa pfuti," anodaro Dmitry Belov. "Kuita kwakadai mumunda, zvakare, kunogona kuve kurudziro mukuvandudza kwehunyanzvi: nyanzvi mune ramangwana, vachiona kuoma kuri kuita basa remurimi anorima munda, vachatofunga nezve kuita nyore nekuvandudza."