Ndeapi marudzi ekugadzirwa kwemiriwo anonyanya kubatsira varimi
Chinyorwa: Veronica Perova
Kugadziriswa kwemiriwo kunonyanya kuitirwa kuchengetedza nekuvandudza mhando yechigadzirwa, pamwe nekuwedzera hupenyu hwesherufu. Nyanzvi dzinosimbisa kuti nhasi kufarira mukugadzirisa kuri kuwedzera, sezvakaratidzwa nekukura kwakasimba kwemapurojekiti ekudyara mune ino musika chikamu. Izvi hazvishamise - yedu pachedu yekugadzirisa inokwanisa kuwedzera purofiti yebhizimusi rinokura bhizinesi uye kudzora njodzi dzinosanganisirwa nemwaka wekugadzirwa.
Sekureva kwaSemyon Ganich, General Director weDry Chikafu (yakazara mhinduro dzekugadzirisa zvigadzirwa zvekurima), kugadzirwa kweminda yeminda yakavhurika inogara iri nyowani kuwedzerwa kukosha muketani yekugadzira yebhizinesi. “Anenge munhu wese ari pamusika
gore, kune kuwanda kwemiriwo, ayo anotengeswa nemutengo wakaderera kwazvo mumwaka, izvo zvinoderedza mhindu yekugadzirwa kwekurima. Panyaya iyi, kugadzirwa kwepuraimari nesekondari kunoita kuti iwe uwane imwe purofiti, ”anotsanangura nyanzvi.
Investment uye margin
"Mabhizinesi ese makuru anovavarira kusimudzira kugadzirwa kwezvirimwa, izvo zvinovatendera kuti vasvike pakukwikwidzana nevarimi, avo, sekutonga, vasina mikana yakakwana yekudyara, vanopa miriwo iri" yakasviba "kumakambani anotengesa zvinhu," anodaro Alexander Abramchuk, CEO wekambani AgroNero (chivakwa chekurima muYaroslavl Dunhu, chikamu cheBelaya Dachi Trading). Sezvo chigadzirwa chakagadziriswa chinopihwa zvakanyanya kuzvitoro zvecheni, hupfumi hwayo hwakawanda
pamusoro, anojekesa.
Uye zvakare, sekutaura kwaSemyon Ganich, kugadzirisa hakugare kuchida zvekutengesa zvigadzirwa. Substandard inowanzo kuve yakakodzera.
"Mushure mekurongedza, izvo zvigadzirwa zvakagovaniswa muzvikamu zvitatu: chikamu chekutanga (chemhando yepamusoro chigadzirwa), chechipiri chikamu (chisiri cheyakajairwa), chechitatu chikamu (marara)," anodaro Alexander Abramchuk zvakadzama. "Panguva imwecheteyo, zvisingaenzaniswi mbishi zvigadzirwa, izvo zvakachipa kwazvo, zvakare zvakakodzera kugadziriswa, izvo zvinowedzerawo kugadzirwa kwehupfumi".
Nekudaro, nekukwezva kwese kwekugadzirisa kwavo, havasi vese varimi vekurima vanosarudza kutora danho iri. Nekudaro, AgroNero haina kugadzirisa, kambani inogadzirira zvigadzirwa mu "yakasviba mamiriro" yekutengesa zvakawanda. Vatengi vakuru "BD Trading" uye vatengesi. “Chikumbiro ichi hachina kugadzikana nekuda kwenhamba zhinji yevanokwikwidza. Zvisinei, isu hatisi kuronga kuvandudza, nekuti zvinoda mari hombe, ”anobvuma Alexander Abramchuk. Kazhinji, anofunga kuvirisa, kuisa munyu, kubika, kugadzira mu mbatatisi yakashambadza zvakanyanya kubatsira, nekuti izvi hazvidi midziyo yakadzika yechando uye mafiriji ekuchengetedza.
Varimi vanowanzo kunetsa kugadzirisa, anosimbisa Semyon Ganich. Zviri nyore kwavari kuti vakure uye vatengese. Sekureva kwenyanzvi yeDry Food, varimari vanobva kune dzimwe nzvimbo vanowanzo pinda mune iri bhizinesi: vemabhangi, mainjiniya, vanoita capitalism, vanonzwisisa zvakanakira nzvimbo ino.
Zvichienderana nekuderera kwekunatsa, muganho muchikamu chino, sekureva kwaSemyon Ganich, anotangira pamakumi mana kusvika zana muzana. "Zvichakadaro, dzimwe nguva zvinenge zvisingaite kuti agrarian wechivanhu atsanangure kuti sei zvichikosha kutenga michina yazvino yehunyanzvi, uye kwete kuita musangano wekushomeka uyo usingazopa purofiti yakawanda," anodaro.
Kunyangwe hazvo chokwadi chekuti munguva pfupi yapfuura mapurojekiti matsva ekugadziriswa kweminda yakavhurika miriwo atanga kuoneka, kuitisa kwavo kwakabatana neakawanda matambudziko. Semuenzaniso, sekureva kwaEkaterina Babaeva, CEO weInteragro (mugadziri uye musanganisi wemapurojekiti akaomarara ebhizinesi rezvekurima), mapurojekiti ekugadzirisa anoda mwero wepamusoro wekugadzirwa uye zviwanikwa zvakakosha mukutenga kwemidziyo. Uye zvakare, akasarudzika hutsanana uye tekinoroji zviyero zvinoiswa pane zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira, izvo zvinowedzera uye zvakanyanya kuwedzera mutengo weprojekiti seyakazara.
Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo yekubhadhara nguva yemapurojekiti ingangoita makore 7-10, nepo varimi vachifarira kuita purofiti nekukurumidza sezvinobvira, anoenderera mberi Ekaterina Babaeva. Paanenge achironga chirongwa chakadai, munhu anofanira kutanga afunga zvakanyatso funga nezve mutemo wekutengesa, anoyeuka. "Zvinogoneka kusangana nenguva yekubhadhara uye kuita purofiti chete kana chigadzirwa chakapedzwa chikatengeswa pamitengo yakatarwa muprojekti yekudyara," nyanzvi inosimbisa.
Iye zvakare anoona kuti kuwana yemhando yepamusoro yakapedza chigadzirwa, zvakare, inoda zvemhando yepamusoro michina, iyo inowedzera nguva yekubhadhara uye inoderedza marginal egore.
Semyon Ganich inopa zano kutanga bhizinesi nekutenga michina. Iye ane chokwadi chekuti vanhu vanongoda kutenga michina iyo, mumaonero avo, icha "purinda mari", kazhinji, haizowana mhedzisiro yaunoda.
"Unofanirwa kutanga nekudzidza kweiyo musika wekutengesa uye kusimudzira kweprojekiti yemhando yepamusoro," nyanzvi inotenda. - Uye chete kana mufananidzo wakajeka wemutengi wezvakagadzirwa zvigadzirwa zvasvika uye chirongwa chikagadzirira umo kuongororwa kwakadzama kwebhizimusi zano mune zvese zvaro zvinoitwa - kubva pakusarudza tekinoroji kuenda kune rakasimukira chirongwa chebhizinesi, unogona kutanga kuita, kusanganisira kutengwa kwemidziyo.
Shock chando
Imwe yedzakanakisa uye dzakapararira nzira dzekugadzirisa zvigadzirwa kutonhora kutonhora. Alexander Melnik, wekutenga nekugadzira director weOrtika Frozen Foods, TM Hortex, mumwe wevanonyanya kuzivikanwa varimi veRussia yemiriwo yechando mitsva, michero nemabriji pasina kushandisa maGMO uye zvinodzivirira, akataura zvakadzama nezve tekinoroji iyi.
"Kuvhundutsa kutyisa ndiko kukurumidza kutonhodza kwechigadzirwa kana uchionekwa nemhepo ine simba, iyo, nekutonhodza mbishi kusvika tembiricha ye -32 ... 40 ° C, inogadzira dura rakasviba pamusoro payo," nyanzvi inotsanangura. - Kusiyana neyakajairwa tekinoroji, nekuvhunduka kutonhora
makristasi madiki echando akaumbwa, asingatyori chimiro chesero chechigadzirwa, icho chinoita kuti ichengetedze kuravira kwayo kwepakutanga uye mabhenefiti. "
Mumusika wepasi rose, sekureva kwaAlexander Melnik, kune vatatu vakurusa vanogadzira tunzira tunotonhora - Unidex (Poland), Frigoscandia (Sweden) uye Octofrost (Sweden). Zvakare, maGerman nemaChinese vagadziri vematanho mafiriji vakahwina nzvimbo yakakodzera mumusika wemidziyo yefiriji Nyanzvi inosimbisa kuti migero inotonhora, inogadzirwa nemakambani anotungamira, inobvumidza kuwana yakanakisa kuchengetedzwa kwehunhu uye kuravira kwechigadzirwa, uye zvakare ichichipa chitarisiko chinoyevedza nehurefu.
negoho - kubva 1 kusvika 12 t / h.
"Iyo miriwo iri mumatanho efriji inofamba yakatenderera nepakati penzvimbo yakavharika (mugero unotonhodza), uye mweya unotonhorera unotenderera nepakati pechikafu mumugero wese," anotsanangura akadaro mutauri weHortex.
Izvo zvakakosha kuti muchikamu cheyakagadziriswa miriwo, iwo mwero wekuchinja kwemutengo, sekureva kwake, wakanyanya kukwirira uye unosvika 20%. “Asi kana bhizinesi risingangogadziri kuita chando, asi zvakare riine matura ane tembiricha yakadzika yekuchengetedza zvigadzirwa, purofiti yebhizinesi inogona
kuwedzera zvakanyanya, ”nyanzvi inodaro.
Anowedzera kuti ketani yekugadzira ine zvikamu zvitatu, chimwe nechimwe chazvo chinowanzo kuve basa reimwe bhizinesi. Saka, purazi riri kuita kurima muriwo. Mhando dzakasiyana nemahybrids anosarudzwa zvinoenderana nemamiriro ekunze uye zvido
kambani inoshanda mune inotevera kugadzirisa (mune yedu, kutonhora) zvigadzirwa. Uye kazhinji kambani yechitatu iri kuita kurongedza nekutengesa kune mutengi wekupedzisira.
Sekureva kwaAlexander Melnik, chirimwa chine avhareji yekugadzira huwandu hwematani zviuru mazana mashanu emichero yechando yemuriwo pagore inoda mari ye € 5-4 mamirioni.
Idzo huru dzekuisa munyu uye kunhonga
Nepo makuru ekubata ari kuita zvirongwa zvechando miriwo muvhu rakavhurika, varimi vadiki uye varimi (mapurazi) dzimba dzinosarudza nzira dzehunyanzvi hwekugadzirisa miriwo, senge kunhonga uye kunhonga.
Pakati pavo pane kambani "Zasolych", inogadzira zvigadzirwa zvakavhenganiswa, mapundu uye masaradhi eKorea, ari munzvimbo yeKirov. Sekureva kwemusoro wekambani Nikolai Shikhov, ivo vanogadzira matani mazana matatu ekabichi, matani mazana maviri emakomichi uye matani zana nemakumi mashanu emakarotsi gore rega. Uye zvakare, mune diki
Kugadzirwa kwematomani matsvuku uye egirini, akachekwa uye chiKorea -howa howa, pamwe neboka rekumabvazuva chigadzirwa (gariki, gariki yemusango, nezvimwewo) yakatangwa. Zvigadzirwa zvinopihwa kune vekutengesa, zvitoro zvemuno, zvemuno uye zvemubatanidzwa zvitoro zvekutengesa, zvinomiririrwa mudunhu reKirov.
Zasolych inogadzirwa yemhuri pamwe nemaphikisi akapfuudzwa kubva kuchizvarwa kuenda kuchizvarwa. Nhasi, vatengi vanopihwa akasiyana siyana zvigadzirwa mune dzakasiyana brines uye marinades. Muchiitiko ichi, zvinongowedzerwa zvechisikigo, zvinonhuwira uye miriwo zvinoshandiswa. Semuenzaniso, kabichi inoviriswa zvinoenderana neiyo yekare tekinoroji yeacicic acid yekuvira, isina zvinodzivirira.
Sekureva kwaNikolai Shikhov, mabikirwo echinyakare anochengetwa, nepo kugadzirwa kuri kuvandudzwa nerubatsiro rwehunyanzvi hwemazuva ano nemidziyo, izvo zvinoita kuti zvikwanise kuwedzera vhoriyamu uye nekukurumidza kwekugadziriswa. Saka, mapuranga emapuranga, akagadzirwa nemaoko, mairi pakutanga
vakaisa munyu uye vakatopa magaka kuzvitoro, vakatsiva mamwe epurasitiki anoshanda zvakare. Bhari imwe inobata 30-200 kg.
"Pakutengesa nhasi tinoshandisa midziyo midiki yepurasitiki, pamwe neyakaiswa yega," anogovera mukuru wekambani. "Panzvimbo pekuchengetera magaka pasi echando mumabharani emapuranga (mumvura yematsime, rwizi, semuenzaniso), mafiriji akaiswa."
Akacherechedzawo kuti kana pakutanga iyo kabichi yakarongedzwa nemaoko, ikozvino maitiro ari otomatiki, uye iyo yekucheka shredders inosvika zviuru zvinoverengeka makirogiramu paawa. "Bhizinesi rakaisa zvese zvemukati uye zvekunze zvekushandisa zvekucheka, kucheka, kuchenesa, kuwacha, kutakura, kupaka, kuuraya utachiona," anodaro Nikolai Shikhov. "Nguva pfupi yadarika takatsiva vanocheka miriwo yeGerman neChinese Robhoti Coupe, ayo anodhura zvakapetwa katatu kupfuura vamwe vavo vekuEurope uye panguva imwechete haana kudzikira kwavari muhunhu." Kazhinji, sekuverenga kwekambani "Zasolych", mari muzvigadzirwa zvekugadzirisa yakaenzana kusvika pamamirioni emamirioni maviri nemazana matatu.
Nikolay Shikhov akatsanangura kuti sezvo bhizinesi iri munzvimbo yekurima kune njodzi ine mamiriro ekunze asina kunaka ekukudziridza kwekurimwa kwemiriwo, zvakagadziriswa makore mashanu apfuura kusiya yega kurima kwavo miriwo. Nhasi, zvese zvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa zvinotengwa kubva kuvarimi vemuno, vane kudyidzana kwenguva refu kwakagadzwa navo. Mapurazi mazhinji anonyanya kurima mamwe mahybridi uye huwandu hwemiriwo kune izvo zvinodiwa nekambani.
"Saka, pakunhonga isu tinoshandisa maHucheka emahombekombe echiDutch akakodzerwa nehukuru uye ane mamwe maratidziro uye mhando," Nikolai Shikhov anogovera zvaakaona.
Rimwe bhizinesi remhuri - murimi (purazi) purazi "Enezh", iri muChuvash Republic, asarudza imwe nzira. Kutanga muna 1999 nemuriwo uri kurimwa (kabichi, magaka, matomatisi, nezvimwewo), zvatove muna 2008, varimi vakasarudza kugadzira kugadzira. Uye nhasi purazi "Enezh" rinoitisa izere kutenderera kwekugadzirwa kweakasiyana mapundu, mapundu uye masaradhi.
“Zvese zvinogadzirwa nemunyu uye zvakachekwa zvakagadzirwa kubva mumiriwo inorimwa muminda yedu, nzvimbo yacho yose inodarika mahekita mazana manomwe. Zvekushandisa zvacho zvinotibvumidza kudzora mhando yezvigadzirwa pamatanho ese, ”anodaro Ivan Semyonov, mukuru wepurazi reEnezh.
Kudyarwa kwemagaka kunoitwa panzvimbo inosvika 16 mahekita kutanga kwaJune. Panguva imwecheteyo, purazi rinotungamirwa neruzivo rweGerman uye tekinoroji yekurima. "Isu taishandisa imwe kambani yemagaka yemasanganiswa, tobva tachinjira kuLeaf F1 kubva kumugadziri wechiDutch Rijk Zwaan, zviri nani
akazviratidza mumamiriro ekunze, - Ivan Semyonov anogovera ruzivo rwake. - Icho chokwadi ndechekuti iyo F1 cucumber ndeyemhando dzakauchikwa dzakakwenenzverwa kuti dzikure muvhu rakavhurika uye pasi pechiedza chemafirimu. Akatsanangura kuti mupurazi "Enezh" makomichi akafukidzwa neakasarudzika "mweya unofema" izvo zvinobvumidza hunyoro kupfuura zvakanaka, izvo zvinokutendera iwe kuti utange kukohwa vhiki rapfuura.
"Pamusoro pezvo, musanganiswa watakasarudza unosiyaniswa nenhamba diki uye saizi yemashizha, ayo anofambisa nzira yekutora, uye zvakare inopesana nezvirwere," Semyonov anoenderera mberi. "Chibereko chakakwirira chakabatanidzwa nehunhu hwakanakisa hwekunhonga uye mapukisi ekuchera (iyo yakanakisa caliber i8-12 cm, kupenda, nezvimwewo").
Mupurazi "Enezh" chena kabichi inorimwa senge yekutanga mahybrids uye yazvino, kutengeswa kwezvigadzirwa kunoitika kubva pakati paJune kusvika Kubvumbi gore rinouya. Iyo inozivikanwa kwazvo yekupedzisira musanganiswa wechena kabichi, sekureva kwaIvan Semyonov, ndi Muksuma F1.
Hazvitore zvinopfuura zuva kubva kukohwa kusvika kune munyu, izvo zvakare zvinokutendera iwe kuchengetedza ese hunhu hwechigadzirwa chitsva. Iko kuunganidzwa kunoteverwa nedanho rekuchenesa nekuwacha, ipapo miriwo inoiswa munyu mumabhari zvinoenderana neyakare nzira yekuRussia inoshandisa chete akasiyana mahebhu, mashizha, uye munyu Kuchengetedzwa kwesauuerkraut kunosimbiswa nezvisikwa zvekuvirisa zvigadzirwa, munyu uye horseradish.
"Mugore ra2018, takaisa munyu matani mazana masere emakomichi uye zvakaenzana nekabichi," anodaro mukuru wepurazi reEnezh. Semutemo, purazi rinokohwa makumi manomwe ematani emagaka pahekita. Nekudaro, muna800, nekuda kwemamiriro ekunze asina kunaka echirimwa ichi chinotonhorera, kunyanya, tembiricha yemhepo yakaderera muna Chikumi, goho raingove 70 t / ha.
“Magaka, sezvamunoziva, anoda kudziirwa. Tembiricha pazasi + 10 ° С idambudziko kwavari, - anodaro Semyonov. “Asi tinoziva kuti kurimwa kwemagaka munzvimbo medu kune njodzi huru. Naizvozvo, kuchamhembe kweSaratov, hapana kana mumwe munhu anozvirima muhuwandu hwekutengesa musango ”. Anosimbisa kuti mukugadzirwa kwekurima, mamiriro ekunze ndiwo akakosha pane izvo goho nekuchinja kwemitengo yezvigadzirwa zvinoenderana.
Panguva imwecheteyo, musoro weZasolycha unokwevera kune chokwadi chekuti makwikwi muchikamu chemunyu nemunyu zvigadzirwa zvemuriwo wakakura zvakanyanya nguva pfupi yadarika, iyo inosanganisirwa nekubuda kwevatambi vatsva uye nekusimudzira kwemhando yepamusoro kwevagadziri vagara vari musika. "Izvi zvinogona kutsanangurwa nekuvandudzwa kwemabhizimusi muRussia, kuwanikwa kweruzivo rwekutanga bhizinesi uye kuwanikwa kwemabhizimusi emahara mumusika weindasitiri yezvokudya. Vashandi havatombonyadziswi nekutsamira kwakananga pamamiriro ekunze uye zviratidzo zvegoho, izvo zvinoshanduka kubva mwaka kusvika mwaka, "Nikolai Shikhov anotenda.
Yakaverengwa kubudirira
Kudzidzira kunoratidza kuti chero mhando yekugadziriswa kweminda yakasununguka miriwo ine yayo nuances iyo inofanirwa kutariswa kana uchipinda mune ino niche. "Sarudzo yesarudzo inokwezva inoenderana zvikuru nedunhu uye chigadzirwa chiri kurimwa," anosimbisa mukuru weInteragro Ekaterina Babaeva.
Sekureva kwaSemyon Ganich, chero hunyanzvi hwekugadzira hungangonaka kune varimi. Asi chirongwa ichi chinofanirwa kuverengerwa, uye musika wezvigadzirwa zvakapedzwa unofanirwa kuongororwa. "Kune bhizimusi kusiyanisa, zvine musoro kufunga nezvekugadzirwa kwemhando dzakasiyana dzezvigadzirwa," - anopa zano.
Muzhinji, maererano nezvakafungidzirwa nezveDry Chikafu, musika wehunyanzvi uchasimukira kune yakakura otomatiki, komputa uye kuunzwa kwehungwaru hwekugadzira, iyo inokwanisa kutonga mashandiro ese ehunyanzvi pasina rubatsiro rwevanhu. Asi kusvika parizvino izvi zvinongova tarisiro.