Mushure mekujairana negwaro reFederal Law "Pane Mbeu Inokura" (inozonzi iyo Draft Law), iyo Union yePotato uye Vegetable Market Participants (Potato Union) inoshuma zvinotevera.
- Pachiyero chekushandiswa kwemutemo wemubatanidzwa uye denderedzwa revanhu avo mutemo wemubatanidzwa unowedzera kushanda kwawo
1.1. Zvinoenderana nekutanga kweiyo Draft Law, mutemo unogadza hwaro hwepamutemo hwekugadzira, kuchengetedza, kutengesa, kutakura, kupinza munharaunda yeRussian Federation uye kunze kwenyika kubva kunharaunda yeRussian Federation uye kushandiswa kwembeu (kudyara zvinhu. ) panharaunda yeRussian Federation uye kune dzimwe nzvimbo iyo Russian Federation inoshandisa simba maererano nemutemo weRussian Federation uye mutemo wenyika dzakawanda.
Zvisinei, hazvisi pachena kuti ndedzipi "dzimwe nzvimbo dzinoshandiswa neRussian Federation ..." dzatiri kutaura nezvazvo. Mafungiro aya anoshandiswa kunyanya mumitemo. Kushandiswa kwayo mune mimwe mitemo yemubatanidzwa isingaburitse pfungwa iyi inomanikidza zviremera zvine simba kuti zvizopa kujekeswa kwakakodzera, semuenzaniso, Ministry of Finance yeRussian Federation yakaita mutsamba Nha. 02.08.2011/03 pakukumbira kweFederal Tax Service yaMarch 07, 15 No. KE-72-20.03.2011/4.
Kuti tishandise iyo Draft Law, isu tinokurudzira kujekesa muArt. 1 "Basic concepts inoshandiswa mune iyi Federal Law", iyo inonzwisiswa se "mamwe matunhu ayo iyo Russian Federation inoshandisa masimba ...".
1.2. Ndima yenhanganyaya yechipiri yeChinyorwa cheMutemo inotambanudzira mhedzisiro yeChinyorwa Mutemo kumasangano, zvisinei nehurongwa hwavo uye mafomu emutemo uye mafomu evaridzi, pamwe nevanhu, kusanganisira vemabhizinesi ega, vanoita mukugadzira mbeu nezvimwe zviitiko. inotsanangurwa mundima yekutanga yenhanganyaya. Chisungo chechi21 cheBhiri chinosimbisawo kuti "vagadziri vembeu vanhu uye masangano epamutemo, mabhizinesi ega ega ... ari kuita kugadzirwa kwembeu dzinozotengeswa ...". Zvisungo zvinofambirana zvirimowo mune zvimwe zvinyorwa zveDraft Law.
Zvinoita sekuti vanyori veDraft Law havana kufunga kuti chinangwa chekushandiswa ndechekuita purofiti, uye ichi ndicho chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zvebhizimusi rekuita (Clause 1 of Article 2 ye Civil Code yeRussian Federation. ) Vagari (vanhu) vanogona kuita zviitiko zvebhizimusi kubva panguva yekunyoreswa kwenyika semuzvinabhizimusi wega, kunze kwenyaya dzakapihwa nemutemo (Chinyorwa 23 cheCivil Code yeRussian Federation), kunyanya, vanozvishandira (Federal Federal). Mutemo "Pakuita bvunzo yekumisikidza yakakosha mutero "Mutero pamuhoro wehunyanzvi" waNovember 27.11.2018, 422 N XNUMX-FZ).
Nekuda kweizvozvo, vanhu vasina chimiro chemuzvinabhizimusi wega, uye avo vanozvishandira uye vanoita basa rekugadzira mbeu kuti vadye ivo vanofanirwa kuburitswa muhutongi hweChinyorwa cheMutemo.
Isu tinokurudzira kuratidza munhanganyaya yeChinyorwa cheMutemo kuti mutemo unoshanda kumasangano epamutemo uye vanhu vari kuita zvebhizimusi mukugadzira, kuchengetedza, kutengesa, kutakura ... yembeu (yekudyara zvinhu), nekudaro tisingabatanidzi kubva muchikamu cheiyo vanhu vemutemo vari mukurima mbeu nekuda kwezvinangwa zvavo.
1.3. Iyo Potato Union inopesana nemvumo yemabasa ekugadzira, kuchengetedza, kutengesa, kutakura ... yembeu (kudyara zvinhu), tichifunga nezvezvinodiwa izvi zvakanyanyisa, izvo zvisingabvumiri kugadzirisa dambudziko re "kuwedzera kushanda mumunda wekubereka, pamwe chete nekuona kugadzirwa kwepamusoro, kuita basa rekugadzira, kukura, kuchengetedza nekutengesa mbeu...” (ndima yechitatu p. 14 yetsanangudzo yetsamba yebumbiro remutemo remubatanidzwa "Pakugadzirwa kwembeu").
Mhedziso iyi inotevera kubva mukuongororwa kweFederal Law "Pakupihwa marezenisi emamwe marudzi ezviitiko" ya04.05.2011 N 99-FZ, iyo inoona rezinesi semvumo yekuita chimwe chiitiko, inogadza rondedzero yezvinodikanwa zverezinesi uye inorambidza. kupihwa kune zvinodikanwa zverezinesi kune chaiwo marudzi uye mavhoriyamu ezvakagadzirwa kana zvigadzirwa zvakarongwa kuburitswa, pamwe nezvinodiwa zvehuwandu hwebasa rakaitwa uye masevhisi anopihwa.
Zvinodiwa zvemhando dzakasiyana-siyana uye kudyara hunhu hwembeu zvinomiswa neimwe nzira (kwete yekupa rezinesi).
Kuongororwa kwemutemo kunotibvumirawo kugumisa kuti, sekutonga, iwo marudzi ezviitwa haana kubatanidzwa kubva pachiyero chekupihwa marezenisi, mutemo wehurumende unogona uye unofanirwa kuitwa zvizere nemasangano anodzora ehurumende uye zviremera zvinotungamira nekuda kwemabasa ekushanda nemamwe. nzira, kusanganisira kushandiswa kwemitemo yenyika, zviyero, certification, zviziviso zvekuenderana, kubvumirwa, hutsanana, kuvaka nemimwe mitemo nemirairo.
Mukuwedzera, kubva kuArt. 20 uye art. 21 yebhiri rinotevera kuti kwete rezinesi chete rinodiwa kune kodzero yekuita mukugadzira mbeu, inova Art. 1 yebhiri inoona seyakazvimirira mhando yechiitiko, asiwo masevhisi ekuchengetedza, ekufambisa, kutengesa ... yembeu (yekudyara zvinhu). Sezviri pachena, vagadziri veMutemo weDraft vakaenderera mberi kubva pakuti ndivo varimi vembeu vanofanira kuita zviito zvose zvinogoneka zvine chokuita nekuparadzirwa kwembeu, asi hazvina kuverengwa kuti kuchengetedza, kutengesa, kutakura mbeu (kudyara. zvinhu), nezvimwewo. kazhinji inobatanidzwa nevamwe vatori vechikamu mukutenderera kwehurumende. Vanofanira kuwanawo here rezinesi rakakodzera kana kuti basa iri rinopihwa varimi vembeu chete? Kana zvakadaro, nei?
Nokudaro, kuiswa kwemabasa ekupa marezinesi ekugadzirwa, kuchengetedza, kutengesa, kutakura ... yembeu (kudyara zvinhu) haigoni kuonekwa seyero inoshanda inopesana nekuonekwa kwezvinhu zvakaderera kana zvenhema mukutenderera kwehurumende, asi zvinogona kutungamirira mari isina kurongeka yevarimi vembeu (zvichida vamwe vatori vechikamu kutenderera kwehurumende), pamwe nekugadzirwa kwezvimwe zvipingamupinyi kuita mabasa aya.
1.4. Chisungo 21 cheChinyorwa cheMutemo chinosimbisa kuti "magwaro emasangano ari pamutemo anoita kugadzirwa kwembeu anotsanangura nyaya nezvinangwa zvezviitwa zvavo."
Maererano nendima 4 yeArt. 52 yeCivil Code yeRussian Federation, nyaya uye zvinangwa zvezviitwa zvesangano repamutemo zvinofanirwa kunge zviri mumagwaro emasangano asingabatsiri, machata emabhizinesi asina kubatana uye muzviitiko zvakapihwa nemutemo. Iwo ekupedzisira anoreva masangano ayo, nepo achitengesa, akapihwa masimba akasarudzika emutemo (semuenzaniso, mabhangi, makambani einishuwarenzi, nezvimwewo), ayo anorambidzwa kuita mamwe marudzi emabasa ekutengesa kunze kweakatsanangurwa mumitemo yemubatanidzwa inodzora. mabasa avo . Nenzira iyi, zvido zvevanogamuchira masevhisi aya zvinodzivirirwa, kushungurudzwa kunogona kuitika munzvimbo dzakakosha munharaunda kunodzivirirwa, kusanganisira mukana wekutungamira zviwanikwa zvemari kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzebasa kunze kweiyo inotsanangurwa mumutemo unokodzera, iyo inofanirwa kuratidzwa mu magwaro emasangano ekutengeserana aya.
Vagadziri vembeu masangano emutemo ekutengeserana, mabhizinesi ega ega avo, sekutonga, kunze kwekugadzirwa kwembeu, vari kuita mamwe mabasa, anosanganisira kugadzirwa kwezvirimwa zvakasiyana zvekurima muhuwandu hwemaindasitiri, kugadzirisa kwavo uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvekurima, nezvimwe. Naizvozvo, hazvina kujeka kuti ndezvipi zvinangwa zvazvinorongerwa kusuma chigadziro chinoenderana, ukuwo vagadziri veChinyorwa cheMutemo vasina kukoshesa mari (kusanganisira idzo dzine chekuita nekuita misangano mikuru) idzo vagadziri vembeu vachafanira kutakura.
2. Nezve mandatory certification
Bhiri iri rinogadza chinosungirwa chitupa chembeu "inopinzwa munharaunda yeRussian Federation, mukutenderera kana kuitirwa kutengeswa."
Kunyange ichiwanzo tsigira kuunzwa kwechitupa chembeu inosungirwa, iyo Potato Union inokwevera pfungwa kune chokwadi chekuti Draft Law haitarise izvo zvakakosha zveFederal Law "On Technical Regulation" yaDecember 27.12.2002, 184 N 184-FZ (inotevera. inonzi Mutemo N XNUMX-FZ), kureva.
Maererano neArt. 2 yeMutemo N 184-FZ, chitupa inzira yekusimbisa nedare retifiketi rekuteedzera zvinhu nezvinodiwa zvetekinoroji mirairo, magwaro ekumisikidza kana mazwi ezvibvumirano.
Maererano neChikamu 1 cheArt. 20 yeMutemo N 184-FZ, kusimbiswa kwekuenderana munharaunda yeRussian Federation kunogona kuve kwekuzvidira kana kusungirwa, nepo kusimbiswa kwekutevedzwa kunoitwa chete mumatambudziko akatangwa neakakodzera tekinoroji mirau, uye chete yekutevedzera zvinodiwa. iyo mirairo yehunyanzvi (clause 1, chinyorwa 23 cheMutemo N 184-FZ).
Mandatory certification inoitwa nekuda kwezvinangwa zvakasimbiswa neArt. 6 yeMutemo Nhamba 184-FZ.
Maererano nendima 3 yeArt. 46 yeMutemo N 184-FZ, Chirevo cheHurumende yeRussian Federation yemusi waZvita 01.12.2009, 982 N XNUMX yakabvumidza iyo Yakabatana Rondedzero Yezvigadzirwa Zvichienderana neKunosungirwa Chitupa uye Runyorwa RweZvigadzirwa, kusimbiswa kwekuenderana kunoitwa mu chimiro chekuzivisa kuenderana. " Mazita aya haana mhodzi sezvigadzirwa zviri pasi pekumanikidzwa certification.
Izvi zvirevo, zvinosuruvarisa, hazvina kuverengerwa pakushanda paMutemo weDraft, uye naizvozvo Gwaro reMutemo rinopokana neMutemo Nhamba 184-FZ.
Mukuwedzera kune izvo zvataurwa pamusoro apa, zvimwe zvigadziro zveMutemo No. 184-FZ zvinofanira kunge zvakatorwa.
Somuenzaniso, ndima 3, chikamu 3, art. 4 yebhiri inoreva masimba emubatanidzwa wemubatanidzwa, uyo anoita mabasa ekuvandudza mutemo wenyika uye mutemo wemutemo mumunda wekugadzira mbeu, kuita tsvakiridzo yerabhoritari mumunda wekugadzira mbeu uye kuona mhando nekudyara hunhu. mbeu kuburikidza nemasangano ari pasi. Panguva imwecheteyo, vanyori veDraft Law havana kufunga kuti conformity assessment inyaya yeLaw N 184-FZ, iyo inogadza gadziriro maererano neiyo masangano ezvitupa uye malaboratories ekuyedza (nzvimbo) anoita basa pakuenderana kwekuongorora ( simbiso) vari pasi pechinhu chimwe chete chinodiwa - kubvumidzwa (v. 31). Uyezve, Art. 4 yeFederal Law "Pakubvumidzwa muNational accreditation system" inotaridza kuti munhu akatenderwa isangano repamutemo kana munhu, zvisinei nehurongwa hwesangano uye hwemutemo, kana muzvinabhizimusi akagamuchira mvumo nenzira yakadzikwa nemutemo wemubatanidzwa. .
Nekuda kweizvozvo, kupihwa kwechikamu 3, chikamu 3, art. 4 yebhiri inoda kujekeswa.
Isu tinokweverawo pfungwa kune chokwadi chekuti kuunzwa kwekumanikidza certification kunoda imwe nguva. Saka, maererano nendima 10 yeArt. 7 yeMutemo N 184-FZ, mutemo wehunyanzvi wakagamuchirwa nechisungo cheHurumende yeRussian Federation kana chiito chemutemo chemubatanidzwa wemubatanidzwa wezve tekinoroji unotanga kushanda pasina mwedzi mitanhatu yapfuura kubva pazuva rekuburitswa kwayo zviri pamutemo. . Chinodiwa ichi hachicherechedzwe muChinyorwa cheMutemo pakutara nguva yekupinda kushanda kwemutemo.
Sangano rePotato Union rinotenda kuti pari zvino, zvinokwanisika kugadzirisa dambudziko rekudzivirira mbeu dzakaderera uye dzisina kuvimbiswa kupinda mumusika, dambudziko rekuchengetedza kodzero dzevaridzi, vane mbeu dzinowanzoshandiswa zvisiri pamutemo mukugadzira, uye nekudaro varidzi. vanonyimwa mukana wekugamuchira mubhadharo wakakodzera, pamwe neimwe nzira kunze kwekuunza mandatory certification.
Iyo Potato Union inokurudzira, zvinoenderana neFederal Law yaZvita 01.12.2007, 315 N XNUMX-FZ "PamaSelf-Regulatory Organisations" (inozonzi Mutemo weSROs), kubatanidza vanogadzira mbeu dzekurima kuita masangano anozvitonga uye. kuunza zvisungo muFederal Law "Pakukura kweMbeu", maererano neiyo kodzero yekuita mukugadzirwa kwembeu ichave iri yemasangano ari nhengo dzemasangano anozvitonga evagadziri vembeu (SRO vanogadzira mbeu).
Kunyanya, zvinoenderana neChikamu 2 cheChinyorwa 1 cheMutemo paSROs, iyo Federal Mutemo "Pakukura Mbeu" inofanirwa kusanganisira mitemo inodzora zvakatemwa zvekutorwa, kubviswa kwechimiro cheSROs yevagadziri vembeu, mamiriro epamutemo eizvi. masangano anozvitonga, zviitwa, maitiro ekubvumidzwa kuve nhengo uye kumisa nhengo muSRO dzevagadziri vembeu, maitiro ekutarisa maSRO evagadziri vembeu pamusoro pezviitwa zvenhengo dzavo uye kushandisa matanho ekuranga nhengo dzavo, kusanganisira kutevedzera zvinodiwa certification yembeu uye kurambidzwa kufambiswa kwembeu dzisina kuvimbiswa, pamwe nemaitiro ehurumende yekutarisa kutevedza kweSRO dzevagadziri vembeu nezvinodiwa nemutemo weRussian Federation inoronga zviitiko zvine chekuita nekugadzirwa kwembeu, uye mutemo. yeRussian Federation pamasangano anozvitonga.
Panyaya iyi, zvizhinji zvezvisungo zveBhiri zvine chekuita nezvinodiwa. zvinodiwa kuvarimi vembeu zvinogona kurongwa seSRO. Kunyanya, izvi zvinoshanda kune zviga zveArt. 19 “Zvinodiwa pakugadzirwa kwembeu dzezvirimwa zvokurima” maererano nokuvapo kwemashoko ayo vagadziri vembeu vanofanira kuchengeta kwenguva yakati. Nekudaro, imwe neimwe RSO inounganidza ruzivo urwu ichaendesa kune Rejista yeMbeu (Planting Material) Vagadziri.
Zvinoita sekunge kuve nhengo inomanikidzwa musangano rinozvitonga kuchaita kuti zvikwanise kusunungura musika wevagadziri vembeu kubva kune vasina kutendeseka vatori vechikamu, kuwana ruzivo rwakavimbika nezvevagadziri vembeu dzekurima, huwandu, kuita intra-professional kudzora mabasa avo, kutonga pamusoro pembeu. kutevedza kwevagadziri vezvibvumirano zvemarezenisi, zvinosanganisira kutevedzera mubhadharo, wakadzikwa nezvibvumirano izvi, uye zvichaderedzawo zvakanyanya kuburitswa kwembeu dzisina magwaro.
3. Nezve genetic passports
Maererano neArt. 1 yebhiri, genetic passport inotsanangurwa se "gwaro rakagadzirwa zvichibva pakuongororwa kwemuenzaniso weDNA wezvakasiyana kana hybrid yechirimwa chekurima."
Tsanangudzo iyi haigone kunzi inogutsa. Iko hakuna ruzivo nezve rudzi uye nzvimbo yekubva kwegwaro, ruzivo nezve nzira yekusikwa kwayo, vhoriyamu uye kudzika kweruzivo rwakapihwa. Iko hakuna ruzivo rwemhando / mhando dzemamorekuru achashandiswa "kuongorora cultivar DNA sample."
Bhiri racho haritarise kuti kubatanidza / kuenzanisa nzira dze "varietal DNA sample analysis" ichaitwa sei muRussia nedzimwe nyika.
Isu tinotenda kuti chinodiwa chekupihwa kwekupihwa kweiyo genetic passport inogona kutungamirira kumakakatanwa ekutengeserana pakati peRussia nenyika dzekunze, sezvo chete bvunzo dzekufanana, kusiyanisa, uye kugadzikana (USD) dzinozivikanwa sezviri pamutemo kunhengo dzese dzeUPOV.
Zvingave zvine musoro kutsiva izwi rekuti "genetic pasipoti" neizwi rekuti "DNA certification", iyo yatinofunga kuti titarise sekushandiswa kweakasiyana-siyana anozivikanwa anocherechedzwa DNA marker tekinoroji kuona uye kusimbisa iyo varietal (hybrid) kuzivikanwa kwezvirimwa zvekurima zvakanyoreswa. muState Register of Breeding Achievements yakabvumidzwa kushandiswa, uye mabheti emiti yemiti yesango munharaunda yeRussian Federation.
Parizvino Potato Union iri kuronga kusabatanidza zvisungo zvine chekuita negenetic passports kubva muDraft Law.
4. Pamusoro pemasimba matsva, kodzero uye mabasa evakuru vehurumende
Iyo Potato Union inotenda kuti kuiswa muDraft Law yemasimba matsva, kodzero uye mabasa evakuru vehurumende uye nzira yakarongwa yekuitwa kwavo mune zvimwe zviitiko yakawandisa uye inoda kumwe kufungisisa nekugadzirisa. Zvikuru sei:
4.1. Bhiri rinopa kodzero kumubatanidzwa wedare repamusoro rekuita mabasa ekutonga nekutarisa mumunda wekugadzirwa kwembeu, asi haritarise kuti ndeapi mabasa ari kutonga uye ndeapi anotaririra. Ndeipi basa (kutonga kana kutungamira), semuenzaniso, ndeye kuita kuongororwa kwenjodzi mumunda wekugadzirwa kwembeu ine chekuita nekutenderera kwembeu, iyo inotaurwa muchikamu chechina, chikamu 4, art. 4 Mabhiri? Ndedzipi njodzi dzatiri kutaura nezvadzo? Nyaya dzakafanana hadzina kutaurwa muArt. 4 yeBhiri. Izvo zvigadziro zvinonyatso kuzivisa mune zvakasikwa uye ikopi isina kubudirira yezvipimo zvakakodzera zveFederal Law "On Plant Quarantine".
4.2. Hazvina kujeka zvinorehwa nekuongorora kwakarongwa paunenge uchidzora nyika (kutarisa) mumunda wekugadzirwa kwembeu, maererano neiyo yakakodzera federal executive body inofanirwa kugadzira hurongwa hwegore hwekuongorora kwakarongwa (clause 3, chikamu 1, chinyorwa. 6 yeBhiri).
4.3. Nzira yekunzwisisa sei chisungo chemubatanidzwa wemubatanidzwa wedare rekuisa pachena paInternet ruzivo nezve rejista yenzvimbo, nzvimbo dzinokura dzeRussian Federation (inofungidzirwa kuti iyo Russian Federation ichaita semutengi senyaya yekuchinja kwevagari. ?) mbeu (zvekudyara), zvigadzirwa zvembeu (hapana pfungwa muChinyorwa cheMutemo) uye inowanikwa kune dzimwe nyika, mapoka emarudzi ekunze (chii chinorehwa ne "boka renyika" nechinangwa chekushandisa mutemo uyu)?
4.4. Isu tinotenda kuti zvakanyanyisa kupa Rosselkhoznadzor mvumo yekuronga kuongororwa kwezvirimwa (kudyara), mbeu dzezvirimwa zvekurima zvekuvapo kwezvipenyu zvakagadziridzwa muzvirimwa zvezvirimwa zvekurima uye mbeu dzezvirimwa zvekurima. Tsananguro yetsamba kuDraft Law haina dhata inoratidza kuvepo kwezvinhu zvakadaro kana huwandu hwazvo, uye, saka, hazvigoneke kuongorora kukosha kwekusuma aya mabasa ekutonga.
4.5. Hazvisi pachena kuti kugoverwa kunotevera kwendima 3 yeArt. 34 yeBhiri:
Paunenge uchipinza mbeu munzvimbo yeRussian Federation, zvitupa, mapasipoti ekuzvarwa uye magwaro emhando yembeu kubva kunyika dzinotengesa kunze zvinocherechedzwa, zvichienderana nekuongororwa kwekutanga (kuongorora kutonga) kwema laboratori ekuongorora mbeu kuratidza kugona, nzira uye mhedzisiro yekutsvaga, nekuzotevera kuburitswazve kwezvitupa zveRussian Federation.
Kana tichitaura nezve preliminary audit yelaboratory yenyika inotumira kunze, ichaitwa sei?
Kana tichireva laboratori yekuyedza iri munharaunda yeRussia uye yakatenderwa zvinoenderana nemutemo weRussian Federation, saka chinodiwa ichi chakanyanya.
Etc.
Pamusoro pezvo, tinokwevera pfungwa kunyaya yekuti muzviitiko zvakawanda pfungwa inogona kugadzirwa yekuti Draft Law inopa sangano remubatanidzwa, iro rinoita mabasa ekutonga nekutarisa mumunda wekugadzirwa kwembeu, kodzero yekupa masevhisi masangano emutemo uye vanhu, izvo zvinopesana nemutemo weRussian Federation.
Kunyanya, hwaro hwekuita mhedziso yakadaro hunotevera kubva mundima 3 ne4 yeArt. 28 yeBhiri:
"Kuona kuvepo kwezvipenyu zvakagadziridzwa muzvirimwa zvezvirimwa zvekurima nembeu dzezvirimwa zvekurima zvinoitwa nemubatanidzwa wemubatanidzwa uchiita mabasa ekutonga nekutarisa mumunda wekugadzirwa kwembeu, zvichibhadhariswa bhajeti remubatanidzwa kana richiitwa. kudzora matanho.
Kutemerwa kwekuvapo kwezvipenyu zvakagadziridzwa muzvirimwa nembeu dzezvirimwa zvichikumbirwa nevagari vemunyika nemasangano ari pamutemo uye kuparadzwa kwezvipenyu zvakagadziridzwa kunoitwa nekubhadharisa vagari nemasangano epamutemo. "
Isu tinotenda kuti zvipimo zveChinyorwa cheMutemo maererano nekupa masimba matsva, kodzero uye mabasa evakuru vehurumende, pamwe nemaitiro ekuita kwavo, mune akati wandei, zvinoda kutariswa nekudzokorora.
5. Chinyorwa-ne-chinyorwa mhinduro
5.1. Mundima 2 yeChisungo 9 "Kuyedzwa nekuongororwa kwemhando kana mahybrids kuti abatsire hupfumi," inoratidza kuti goho sechiyero cheyakajairwa siyana, yakajairwa hybrid yemaitiro anobatsira ehupfumi uye (kana) zvivakwa zvinotemerwa zvinoenderana negwara. kushandiswa kwezvakasiyana-siyana (hybrid).
5.2. Ndima 3 art. 13 "Mbeu dzekubereka" dzinofanira kutaurwa sezvizvi: "Mbeu dzeHybrid dzechizvarwa chekutanga imbeu yekubereka (yembeu yembatatisi - isingapfuure yechipiri kubereka).
5.3. Chisungo chegumi nenomwe "Chirongwa chekugadzirwa kwembeu dzemhando dzakasiyana (hybrid) dzezvirimwa zvekurima", kunze kwechikamu chechipiri "Kuchengetwa kwemhando dzakasiyana kana hybrid yezvirimwa zvekurima kunoitwa nemuvambi wemhando kana hybrid, ” inofanira kubviswa mugwaro reChinyorwa cheMutemo sekusina kukosha kwemutemo.
Ndima yechipiri inofanira kuendeswa kune chimwe chinyorwa cheMutemo weChinyorwa.
5.4. Chisungo 18 "Rutsigiro rweSainzi rwekugadzirwa kwembeu" runofanira kubviswa kubva muzvinyorwa zveDraft Law sekusina kukosha kwemutemo.
5.5. Chisungo 19. "Zvinodiwa pakugadzirwa kwembeu dzezvirimwa zvekurima" zvichataurwa sezvizvi:
“Pakugadzirwa kwembeu, mbeu dzinofanirwa kushandiswa, mhando nembeu dzinoenderana nezvinodiwa nemagwaro ekutonga munyaya yekugadzirwa kwembeu, zvinotenderwa nesangano remubatanidzwa rinoita mabasa ekugadzira mitemo yehurumende nemutemo mumunda. yekugadzirwa kwembeu, inosimbiswa negwaro rekutevedzera.
Izvo zvinorambidzwa kushandisa mbeu (yekudyara zvinhu) kuita zvinangwa zvekugadzira zvakasvibiswa kana kutapukirwa nezvinhu zvekuvharirwa, kunze kwezviitiko zvakapihwa nemirairo nemirairo yekuona kuti chirimwa chivharirwe.
5.6. Chisungo 20 "Zvimiro zvekugadzirwa kwemamwe mapoka embeu" zvinofanirwa kutaurwa mune anotevera mazwi (zvichienderana nekuunzwa kwechitsauko paSRO):
Mbeu dzekutanga, dzemhando yepamusoro uye dzekuberekesa dzinogona kugadzirwa chete nevagadziri vembeu - nhengo dzeSRO dzevagadziri vembeu (vagadziri vembeu).
Mbeu dzemamwe marudzi emiti yemasango anogadzirwa nenzira yakagadzwa nemubatanidzwa wemubatanidzwa wakabvumidzwa neHurumende yeRussian Federation.
5.6. Chisungo 22. "Nzvimbo dzakakosha dzekugadzirwa kwembeu dzezvirimwa zvekurima."
Zvinoita sekuti zviri mukati meArt. 22 yeBhiri zvakananga zvinoenderana nekuti ndedzipi nyaya dzichagadziriswa nehurongwa hwakagadzwa neHurumende yeRussian Federation, iyo inotarisirwa kufanotemerwa.
Isu tinotenda kuti maitiro aya anofanirwa kuve, kunyanya, rondedzero yemagwaro akaunzwa kuitira kumisikidza nzvimbo yakakosha, maitiro ekupasa magwaro, nguva yekutora sarudzo, uye nyaya dzekugadzirisa kusawirirana pakutangisa nzvimbo dzakakosha. Izvi zvinodikanwa zvinofanira kuva yunifomu muRussia Federation yose, sezvo, semuenzaniso, inosimbiswa maererano nenyaya yekudzikinura nzvimbo dzevhu kubva kune imwe nyika. Uye zvinodikanwa zvenzvimbo dzakakosha pachezvazvo zvinofanirwa kugadzwa nenhengo dzeRussian Federation, zvichienderana nemhando yechirimwa, mamiriro ekunze uye mamwe mamiriro enzvimbo iyo munyoreri anokumbira kumisikidza nzvimbo yakakosha. Tichitaura nezvehutongi hwemasangano ari muRussian Federation, nyaya yekumisikidza nzvimbo dzakakosha dzekugadzirwa kwembeu haizongobatsira chete kugadzira mamiriro akanaka ekugadzirwa kwembeu, asiwo kuchengetedza zvido zvevarimi vembeu kubva kuzviito zvisina kunaka zvevaridzi veminda yakavakidzana. plots.
Uye zvinonyanya kukosha, chishuwo chekumisa nzvimbo yakakosha inofanira kuratidzwa nemugadziri wembeu. Panyaya iyi, magwaro anofanirwa kutanga aendeswa kudare rakatenderwa remubatanidzwa weRussian Federation, iro rinofanirwawo kutarisa kutevedzera zvinodiwa nenzvimbo yakakosha. Ruzivo rwekugadzwa kwenzvimbo yakakosha runofanirwa kuendeswa kune yakabvumidzwa federal executive body.
5.6. Chisungo 23 "Federal state information system mumunda wekugadzira mbeu yezvirimwa zvekurima" inofanira kutaurwa seizvi:
"The federal state information system mumunda wekugadzirwa kwembeu yezvirimwa zvekurima (inozonzi hurongwa hweruzivo) inogadzirwa nesangano remubatanidzwa rinoita mabasa ekugadzira mutemo wenyika uye mutemo wepamutemo mumunda wekugadzira mbeu kuitira kuve nechokwadi chekucherechedzwa kwembeu dzezvirimwa zvekurima, kutanga kubva kune wekutanga mugadziri wembeu dzebatch dzinoenderana kusvika kumutengi wayo wekupedzisira, pamwe nekuunza ruzivo urwu kune vanogadzira mbeu dzekurima dzekurima. Kupihwa kweruzivo rwuri muhurongwa hwemashoko kunoitwa mufomu yemagetsi pasina kubhadharisa mari.
Rondedzero yeruzivo rwunofanirwa kuiswa muhurongwa hweruzivo, runyorwa rwevanhu vanosungirwa kuipa nechinangwa chekuiswa muhurongwa hweruzivo, mafomu uye maitiro ekuagamuchira, runyorwa rwevanhu vane kodzero yekugamuchira ruzivo urwu runotangwa ne chirevo cheHurumende yeRussian Federation. "
5.7. Chisungo 25 "Inishuwarenzi mari yembeu" inofanira kutumidzwa zita rekuti: "Inishuwarenzi mari yembeu yemiti yemasango", sezvo kuzvipira kwekuumbwa kweinishuwarenzi mari yemiti yemasango kunoda mutemo wakasiyana. Kunyanya: mugadziri wembeu anotumira chikamu chegoho kuhomwe yeinishuwarenzi. Homwe yacho inosungirwa kuigamuchira here? Rini? Mbeu dzinofanira kuchengetwa kupi uye, maererano naizvozvo, ndiani ane mutoro wekuchengeteka kwadzo? Mimwe mibvunzo inobvira.
5.8. Chisungo chemakumi maviri nenhanhatu "Kutenga, kugadzirisa, kuchengetedza uye kushandiswa kwembeu" inoda kuvandudzwa.
Kunyanya, isu tinotenda kuti vagadziri vembeu vane kodzero yekuzvimiririra kusarudza kana kusadyara mbeu dzine mhando nekudyara hunhu husingaenderane nezvinodiwa zvevarietal uye kudyara mhando yemhando yembeu. Zvichida zvekushandisa iwe pachako. Kune mutengi wembeu, chinhu chikuru ndechekusimbisa kuenderana kwembeu. Anogona kutenga mhodzi dzisina kusimbiswa? Pamwe. Nyaya iyi inoda imwe pfungwa.
Iyo Potato Union inofunga kudzima ndima 5 kubva kuArt. 26 yebhiri, iyo inorambidza kupinzwa kwembeu nekudyara muRussian Federation nechinangwa chekudzishandisa kudyara nekudyara kubva kune dzimwe nyika kana mapoka ekunze kwenyika, pasina mubatanidzwa wemubatanidzwa unoshandisa mabasa ekutonga mumunda wembeu. kugadzirwa maererano nembeu dzezvirimwa zvekurima, kutonga munzvimbo dzekurima, kugadzirwa (kusanganisira kugadzirisa), kutumirwa kwembeu dzembeu.
Sezvo gore rapfuura rakaratidza, kuitwa kwechirongwa ichi kwakaoma zvakanyanya, sezvo mamiriro ekuita zviito zvekutonga munzvimbo yekunze kwenyika kana mapoka edzimwe nyika anoda mvumo yezviremera zvine hunyanzvi zvematunhu aya, izvo zviremera izvi. asingamanikidzwi kupa. Hapana zvibvumirano zvepasi rose panyaya iyi. Zvichienderana neizvi chete, chirongwa ichi hachifanirwe kunge chiri mumutemo wemubatanidzwa. Pamusoro pezvo, vatori vechikamu mumusika wembeu vanoona mabasa ekudzora aya seasina basa, sezvo paine dzimwe nzira, kusanganisira idzo dzinozivikanwa nenyika dzepasirese, dzekuita nhanho dzekudzora mbeu dzinotengeswa kunze kwenyika. Saka, maererano neChikamu 13 cheArt. 7 Federal Law "On State Regulation in the Field of Genetic Engineering Activities" (pano Mutemo No. 86-FZ) Rosselkhoznadzor ine kodzero yekutonga pamusoro pekupinzwa kwezvisikwa zvakagadziridzwa zvakagadziriswa uye mbeu munzvimbo yeRussian Federation panzvimbo dzekutarisa. kuyambuka State Border yeRussian Federation.
5.8. Chisungo 28 uye Chisungo 29 cheChinyorwa cheMutemo, chinomisikidza zvinodiwa pakuona mhando nekudyara zviratidzo zvemhando yembeu, pamwe nekuvapo kwezvipenyu zvakagadziridzwa muzvirimwa nembeu dzezvirimwa zvekurima, zvinoda kuvandudzwa.
Aya maitiro akaremerwa nekukwereta, kune kudzokorora, kune zvigadziro izvo Potato Union isingabvumirani nazvo, semuenzaniso, chiratidzo chiri muDraft Law pamusoro pekudiwa kwekutonga ivhu.
5.9. Chisungo 32 "Turnover of mijenya yembeu" inowedzerwa nendima inotevera:
“Panharaunda yeRussian Federation, kufambiswa kwembeu dzisina kuchengetedzwa kunorambidzwa, pamwe nembeu dzisina kunyoreswa muState Register of Selection Achievements, yakatenderwa kushandiswa, uye inoratidzwa murondedzero yezvirimwa zvekurima zvakabvumidzwa neHurumende. iyo Russian Federation. "
5.10. Chisungo chemakumi matatu nenhatu. Kutengeswa nekutakurwa kwembeu.
Inokurudzira kusabatanidza ndima 3 uye 4 yeArt. 33 yeBill, iyo inobvumira kutakurwa kwembeu munzvimbo isina kurongedzerwa. Iyo Potato Union inotenda kuti kutakurwa kweSESE mabheji embeu kunofanirwa kuitwa mumapuranga akaputirwa.
5.11. Chisungo 34 "Import muRussian Federation uye kunze kwenyika kubva kuRussian Federation", mumaonero ePotato Union, inofanirwa kuchengetwa mune yazvino vhezheni yeFederal Law "Pane Mbeu Inokura".
5.12. Nezvezvisungo zvine chekuita nekutonga kwenyika (kutarisira) mumunda wekugadzirwa kwembeu, chinzvimbo cheMubatanidzwa wePotato chinoratidzwa pamusoro (chikamu chechina chechinyorwa chino).
5.13. Chitsauko 3 “Kuongorora mamiriro embeu (zvekudyara) nezvinhu zvinogadzirwa nembeu.
Sezvambotaurwa, pfungwa ye "zvinhu zvekugadzira mbeu" haina kuburitswa neChinyorwa cheMutemo.
Iyo Potato Union inokurudzira kusabvisa chitsauko ichi kubva mugwaro reMutemo weDraft, sezvo kutarisa chiri chinhu chakakosha chekuona mhando nekudyara zviratidzo zvemhando yembeu (yekudyara), uye inozviratidza mukuitwa kwezviitiko zvakatsanangurwa mu. Art. 28-30 yeBhiri. Pamusoro pezvo, kutarisisa kwakanangana nekuitwa kwekutonga uye mabasa ekutarisa anoitwa neakabvumidzwa federal executive body.
Izvo zvinongedzo zvebhiri, zvakafanana nezviga zveCh. 3, ita kuti chiito chenormative chireme pasina kutakura chero mutoro wepamutemo.
mhedziso
The draft Federal Law "Pane Mbeu Kukura" inoda kuvandudzwa kwakakosha, kusanganisira maererano nekuiunza kuti ienderane nemutemo uripo. Chirevo chekutonga chinofanira kunge chine, kunyanya, mitemo yekuzvitonga mumunda wekugadzira mbeu, izvo zvinobvumira nharaunda inokura mbeu kudzora kufambiswa kwembeu, kutevedzera zvinodiwa kurambidza kufambiswa kwembeu dzisina kusimbiswa, nezvimwe.
Mushure mekuita shanduko dzakafanira nekuwedzera, gwaro reFederal Law "Pakugadzirwa kweMbeu" rinogona kuendeswazve kuti rikurukurwe.
Sachigaro weMubatanidzwa Lupekhin S.N.