Nikolay Yuzefov haadi kuiswa. "Mambo wePotato" - Don agrarians vanomudaidza. Iri zita murimi - kusiyana nevanhu vehumambo - vasina kugarwa nhaka, asi vanowanikwa nekushanda nesimba uye kuzara nemakoni. Vhiki rapfuura, iyo Agro-Vatengesi Kirabhu yePaburiro Imba "Krestyanin" yakabata Vezvirimwa Zuva reZuva papurazi raNikolai Nikolaevich.
Mubatsiri mukuru wechiitiko ichi yaive kambani yeSyngenta; inokosha mudiwa - LLC "Agrotechnik".
KFH Yuzefova haikwani kupinda mupfungwa ye "purazi" hupfumi. Anopfuura zviuru zvitanhatu mahekita epasi, matani zviuru makumi mashanu nemazana mashanu ematatata pagore, kuwanikwa kwemamirioni mazana mapfumbamwe emabhuru - uye izvi zvese, hongu, kwete zvega, asi pamwe chete mazana maviri evagari vedunhu reSemikarakorsk vanoshanda mupurazi.
Mbeu: tsvaga nyanzvi
Nikolai Nikolayevich anovavarira kuva nezvose "senge muEurope". Sangano rakanyatsofungidzirwa-basa, hunyanzvi hwekugadzira, hutsanana uye runako pazasi.
Mini-hotera neresitorendi pauriri hwepasi yakavakirwa vashanyi munzvimbo yepakati. VaFrance, avo vakambouya kuno kumusangano, "vakakatyamadzwa", anobvuma Yusefov.
Isuwo takakatyamadzwa. Nezuva reMunda, Nikolai Nikolayevich akavimbisa kusuka nekuisa patafura mhando dzese dzematapiri dzaanorima papurazi rake. Panguva yakatarwa, bhatiri rese remidziyo rakashongedzwa pamucheka wechena - 20 mhando, kubva kune inozivikanwa Red Scarlett uye Gala kuenda kune isina kujairika Indigo - mudzi wemiriwo une ganda dema.
- Isu tinogara tichiita misiyano yekuvandudzwa uye gore rega rinoisa zviyero kuitira kuti tizvitsvagire uye nekuratidza vanhu kuti ndeapi marudzi anopa goho rakanaka. Asi handivimbise kuti mhando dzakakwanira isu dzichakura mauri, muVoronezh kana Stavropol, ”Yusefov akayambira vateereri. - Mbeu dzinofanirwa kusungwa kunharaunda.
Nikolai Nikolayevich akapedza makore akati wandei pane izvi asati aronga mhando yake chaiyo yemhando.
"Dunhu redu pakutanga raive nzvimbo yekurima muriwo," akadaro mukuru wedunhu reSemikarakorsk, Vladimir Talalaev. “Asi paive nedambudziko mumaindasitiri, nzvimbo yemadiridziro yakadzikiswa kubva pa36 kusvika pa12 zviuru mahekita, takarasikirwa nemabhizinesi aiburitsa mbeu. Nikolai Nikolaevich aifanira kutora zvinhu zvekudyara kubva kumatunhu ese enyika.
Zviri nyore kushanda izvozvi. Dunhu reRostov rinoshingairira kutsigira kukura kwembatatisi. Semuenzaniso, akadaro Mutevedzeri wegurukota rezvekurima, Dmitry Repka, vanopa rutsigiro pakutengwa kwembeu dzepamusoro - zviuru makumi matanhatu nemazana makumi matanhatu emahekita pahekita yakadyarwa ne "elite". Iko kune rutsigiro rwemabasa ekudiridza uye emadhiraini, ekuvaka uye kuvakazve emadiridziro masisitimu - nekuda kwezvinangwa izvi, 64 miriyoni rubles akagoverwa kubva mubhajeti. Varimi vanodzoreredzwa chikamu chemutengo wemasevhisi emvura, kuitira kuunzwa kwephosphogypsum.
Asi matambudziko, ehe, anoramba aripo. Mukuru pakati pavo ndipo pekuwana mbeu yakanaka. Nikolai Nikolayevich akabuda mumamiriro ezvinhu nekuronga zvakakwana kutonga kwevagadziri vezvinhu zvekudyara.
- Muna Nyamavhuvhu, vashanu vevashandi vezvekurima vanoenda kumatunhu akasiyana nematunhu eRussia - kumapurazi atinoshanda nawo - kutarisa mhodzi, kunyatso kukura kwadzo mumunda. Kana mamiriro avo, virology isingafadzi, isu tinoramba. Uye patinoona kuti mhodzi dziri kukura zvakanaka, zvirimo zvehutachiona zvishoma, tinogumisa zvibvumirano uye tobhadhara mari yekumberi.
Muchibvumirano chepurazi remurombo, Yuzefova anoratidza munda wakatarwa, unoonekwa nemeso ake, kubva panofanira kuendeswa chirimwa kupurazi. Gare gare, agronomist anoenda kupurazi rembeu kunotumirwa - kuti aongororezve zvese. Uye kana mbeu dzasvika muSemikarakorsk, iyo purazi inotumira masampuli kubva kune rimwe nerimwe batch kuti riongororwe kuRosselkhoznadzor: nekuti zvitupa zvekuzvitsaura, anodaro Yuzefov, zvinogona "kutengwa". Paive nezviitiko apo, nekuda kwehuwandu hwemavhairasi, mbatatisi yembeu yakadzoserwa kumugadziri.
- Ehe, aya matanho ese anodhura. Asi vanovimbisa kuchengetedzeka kwedu, - Nikolai Nikolaevich anotsanangura.
Mumwe wevatengesi vakuru veYuzefov mbeu ndeye SSSK Ustyuzhensky Potato kubva kuVologda Oblast. Executive director wayo, Alexander Kuznetsov, akaraira varimi vembatatisi kuti vatarise kudyarwa kwembeu kubva musi wa10 kusvika 25 Nyamavhuvhu.
- Panguva ino, kuchine misoro kumusoro mumunda, uye uyo anounza mbeu haakwanise kushongedza chero chinhu. Uye mushure maAugust 25, iyo Rosselkhoztsentr inogadzira mhedzisiro, mushure mezvo isu tinoita kudzvanywa kwekudyara, '' akatsanangura Alexander Kuznetsov.
Pamunda wepurazi, musoro weUstyuzhensky Potato wakaratidza mhando gumi nembiri dzinovimbisa. Pakati peizvi, iyo isingakanganwike yeRussia super-yekutanga dzakasiyana Krepysh. Kuznetsov akati muVologda anogadzira matani makumi manomwe nemashanu pahekita, uye zvirimwa zvese zvemidzi - zvegiramu makumi mashanu nemashanu.
- Krepysh ine yakanaka tuber chimiro: kusiyana nemamwe marudzi ekutanga, maziso acho madiki. Iyo inoumba peel zvakanaka, yakashandurwa kune ese njodzi dzehupenyu, - akadaro Kuznetsov.
Imwe purazi yembeu iyo Yuzefov anoshanda nayo ndiMolyanov Agro Group LLC anobva mudunhu reSamara. Musoro waro Vladimir Molyanov akataura nezve marudzi asingadziye kupisa. Akapa zano kuti vateerere kune-yekupedzisira-yekutanga Gulliver naJunior, kune hutachiona husinga gadzike redhivi tsvuku Red Sonya na Arosa. Iyo inozivikanwa inozivikanwa yevarimi vembatatisi ndiRed Fantasy.
- Iyi misiyano ine misoro ine simba uye yakasimba kupisa kupisa, uye chimwe chezvakavanzika zvacho ndezvekuti iyo yekutanga mhando inovhara mutsara, zvirinani zvinomiririra tembiricha yakakwira. Red Fantasy ine yakanyanya kudzivisa mavhairasi, inorara zvakanaka, haina matambudziko neBacteriosis, - yakakurudzira Vladimir Molyanov.
Mhando dzekukohwa uye yakanaka mhando mbatatisi ndiyo kiyi kune purofiti yepurazi, varimi vembeu vanotenda.
"Makore akati wandei apfuura, mapurazi akanyunyuta kuti mutengo wembatatisi wakaderera pasi pegumi," anodaro Molyanov. - Asi ngatitarisei kuMadokero: mutengo wembatatisi haupfuure masendi gumi nemaviri - muEurope nemuAmerica. Iyo yakafanana 10-10 rubles. Izvi zvinofanirwa kutungamirwa na. Kuti urambe uchiyangarara, unofanirwa kushanda nemhando uye goho.
Mamwe mapurazi kumaodzanyemba kweRussia anozvara ivo vega ivo pachavo uye vanozvipa ivo mbeu yekutanga kubereka. Yuzefov aivewo nemiedzo yakadaro, asi akaramba.
- Unogona sei kurima imwe mhando kana paine imwe mhando padhuze? Mbeu dzinofanira kukura saSasha: munda nesango rakatenderedza, ivhu risina kusvibiswa, - akatsanangura mukuru wepurazi.
- Kukura kwembeu kunoda rabhoritari, tinofanirwa kubata neizvi zvakasiyana ... Asi nei? Bhizinesi rangu ndere kufudza Russia nemapatatisi, uye rega mbeu dzikure nenyanzvi, sekuEurope.
Kubata zvirimwa: vimba neSyngenta
"Kuti uwane matapiri akanaka, chinhu chikuru ndechekuti sabhuku ane mari," akasekesa, achitanga kutaura kwake nezvekudya nekudzivirira, mukuru wezvekurima wepurazi Yuzefova Sergey Voronov. - Zvese zvinotanga nefetiraiza. Tinokanda 700 kg yemadhiammophos ekurima. Tinorima kusvika pakadzika masendimita 32-35. Isu tinocheka mizinga tisati tasiya nguva yechando, kuitira kuti tidyara pamwe chete nemamota mukati megore. Kudyara kunotanga muchirimo. Gore rino isu takatanga munaKurume 12 - nekukurumidza sezvazvinogona kupinda mumunda.
Panyaya yekudzivirirwa kwezvirimwa, purazi raYusefov harina kuita hunyengeri: vakavimba nedziviriro system inopihwa nekambani yeSyngenta.
Semuenzaniso, pakudyara, agronomist akatsanangura, vakasarudza kuita zvinoenderana nemutemo "usachengete mazai mune rimwe bhasikiti." Naizvozvo, hafu yematubhu yakarapwa neCelest Top yakaoma kugadzirira, uye hafu yakasimwa muvhu rakasaswa neUnifung fungicide uye Voliam Flexy zvipembenene.
Kune zvinomera mupurazi reYuzefova vanoshanda nema fungicides "Ridomil", "Shirlan", "Revus"; kugadzirisa kunoitwa mazuva ese matanhatu kusvika matanhatu.
Chief agronomist wepurazi Sergey Voronov (achinongedzera kumumiriri we "Syngenta" Dmitry Gorobets): "Kutenda kuhurongwa hwavo hwekudzivirira pazvirwere nezvipembenene, hatizive chero matambudziko!"
Izvo zvipukanana zvakakundwa nekutenda kuna Voliam Flexy. Mushure mekunge purazi ratarisana nechisimba cheiyo scoop, ivo agronomists vakatendeukira kune nyanzvi dzeSyngenta. Vakabatsira kuvakazve chirongwa chekurapa, kuchinjanisa zvimwe zvekugadzirira - uye purazi rakabvisa tupukanana tusingaoneki.
- Chikwata cheSyngenta, icho chinopa zano purazi redu, chine vakadzi vaviri vakanaka - Svetlana Spiglazova naOlga Voblova. Ndivo nyanzvi nyanzvi dzinogona kunzi masikati nousiku, - akadaro Sergey Voronov. - Gore rakapera takave nekupinda kwetirips pamaonikisi. Vakarwa kunge katsi dzinopofumara, kudzamara vasvika, havana kuratidza chinhu. Gore rino hatizive nezvekusuwa nematripts zvachose!
- Ichokwadi, - yakasimbisa Yuzefov. - Varapi veSyngenta vanokurumidza kugadzirisa chero nyaya - uye iwe unoziva kuti mukupisa, dzimwe nguva wachi inoenda. Uye musi weMugovera neSvondo vanogona kuuya. Hazvisi zvinonyadzisa kubhadhara kana iwe ukaona maitiro. Iyi ndiyo nzira yeEuropean!
Kupfeka kwepamusoro: ipa chikafu chakasiyana
Mafetiraiza embatatisi mupurazi reYusefova anopa akasiyana mafetiraiza: kwese, potashi, uye misanganiswa yezvinhu zvekutsvaga. Mune zvicherwa zvinovaka muviri, Nikolai Nikolaevich akataura, sekugadzira mbeu, zvakawanda zvinoenderana nemugadziri. Naizvozvo, Yusefov akarongawo bvunzo paminda yake yevarimi vefotereza. Ivo chete ndivo vakasara vakasimbisa mhedzisiro.
Mukukura kwembatatisi, munhu haafanire kukanganwa nezve microfertilizers, akarayira vateereri veyezvesainzi wekambani "Kukohwa XXI" Andrey Varich. Urozhay XXI inogadzira macro- uye micronutrient fetiraiza mune chelated, iri nyore kugaya fomu. Ivo vakatumidzwa zita rekuti ZhUSS (mvura yemanyowa inosimudzira kuumbwa). ZhUSS dzinoshandiswa muzviyo uye nyemba, mumunda wekurima uye kurimwa kwemiriwo, uye haangodyise chirimwa chete, asi zvakare anomutsa ayo ekudzivirira mabasa. Semuenzaniso, ZhUSS "Argentum Agro", iine sirivheri, inodzivirira bacteriosis uye inowedzera hupenyu hwesherufu hwechirimwa.
- Belarusian State Agricultural Academy yakaita ongororo pamusoro pembatatisi. Chibereko chinowedzera mushure meZhUSS "Gumiks" (humic acids) yaive 16 c / ha, mushure meZhUSS "Complex" - 35 c / ha. Panyaya ye starch goho, kuwedzera kwezvirimwa zvinorapwa neZhUSS "Gumiks" iri 3,6 c / ha mune starch, ZhUSS "Kompleksny" - 11,2 c / ha mune starch, - akadaro Varich.
Nezvekukosha kweamino acids kune miriwo, mupurazi Yuzefova akaudza mutevedzeri. Vladimir Biryukov, General Director weAgrotechtsentr Kolkhoz LLC. ATC "Kolkhoz" inoshanda mune yakaoma nyanzvi yekurima rutsigiro rwemapurazi uye inoshandisa zvakanyanya Spanish zvipenyu zvigadzirwa Kimitec pamiriwo: mycorrhiza inoculant "Mikogel", mudzi wekusimudzira "Raser", yakaoma stimulator "Bombardir". Kune mishonga miviri yekugadzirisa chikafu - "Magnozinc Plus" (sosi yemagnesium uye zinc, inovandudza photosynthesis uye inodzivirira shizha chlorosis) uye "Kaos HT" (tsime re calcium).
"Zvese zvigadzirwa, kunze kweRaser, zvigadzirwa zve organic," akadaro Vladimir Biryukov.
Uyo akanyatso kuwana maekisesaizi mu organic organic kurima ikambani iAgro-Sistema kambani, iri kuita basa rekubvunza uye nekutsigira bhizinesi rezvekurima.
- Kurima kwemazuva ano kwakakonzera matambudziko akakomba ezvakatipoteredza ane chekuita nekuparara kwevhu uye kupera kwevhu. Mamiriro ekurimwa kwemiriwo akazove akakosha zvakanyanya, nekuti indasitiri iyi ndiyo yakanyanya, - akadaro Igor Kutishchev, director mukuru weAgro-Sistema. - Dzakawanda nzira dzehunyanzvi uye matanho anogona kukanganisa hunhu hwezvigadzirwa zvemuriwo, kuunganidzwa kwezvinhu zvine chepfu mavari. Kuti udzivise izvi, zvinodikanwa kuti usimuke kubva mukunyanyisa kuwedzera kune yesainzi yakadzika biologization, nzira dzekurima organic.
Kugadzirwa kwehupenyu seindasitiri yakazvimirira yakabuda muma1970. MuEurope, kukura kwayo kuri kushanda kupfuura muRussia: imomo, sekureva kwevaongorori, muna 2020, 30% yeminda yekurima ichave yemapurazi ehupenyu. MuRussia, kufamba kune "organic" kwakanyanya kuoma, asi kuchine mienzaniso yakabudirira.
Mudunhu reLabinsky reKrasnodar Territory, Igor Kutishchev akarima nzvimbo hombe yenzvimbo dze4 mahekita epasi maererano nehurongwa hwekurima kwe organic kwemakore matatu. Hapana chakashandiswa kubva kumakemikari. Zvirwere nezvipembenene zvakarwirwa nerubatsiro rwekutenderera kwezvirimwa uye kurima zvinyoro nyoro, "zvakasimbisa" ivhu nemiti yakasvibira yemanyowa, masora akaparadzwa nehuswa, huni, murimi wemoto. Mamiriro ehupenyu epurazi akasimbiswa nekambani yeGerman Ceres.
Maitiro ekurima chaiwo haana kukanganisa goho rebhizinesi. Semuenzaniso, hanyanisi dzinokohwewa pano pamatani makumi matatu pahekita.
- Mutengo wekutengesa wemuriwo miriwo uri 20-30% wakakwira kupfuura iwo wemuriwo. Asi, ini ndinofunga, mushure memutemo wekudzivirirwa kwekodzero dzevatengi vezvigadzirwa zve organic zvinogamuchirwa, mutsauko uchawedzera kusvika 50%, - Igor Kutishchev akataura nezve tarisiro yekurima kwehupenyu.
Zvisinei, kunyangwe hazvo kupfeka kwepamusoro kunosarudzwa nepurazi - makemikari kana echinyakare zvicherwa - shanduko yekurima chaiyo ichave isingadzivisike, anodaro Aleksey Tenekov, director weAgro-Soft LLC, iyo inoshandisa tekinoroji iyi muRussia.
Tenekov ane chokwadi chekuti chero kugadzirwa kwezvirimwa kunotanga nekuunganidzwa kweruzivo nezvevhu. Midziyo mikuru yeAgro-Soft mifananidzo yesataneti uye ongororo yevhu yeagrochemical. Iyo yakagamuchirwa data inoiswa mune yakasarudzika chirongwa, kuongororwa uye kuratidzwa muchimiro chemagetsi emunda madhayagiramu. Nekubatsira kwavo, unogona kudhirowa mepu dzekusiyanisa kusangana, kuongorora hutano hwezvirimwa, kuona isina kusimba uye nzvimbo dzakasimba mumunda, kuongorora uye kuenzanisa mhando. Zonal mamapu ekushandisa anogona, semuenzaniso, kutakurirwa mune akangwara fetiraiza spreader - uye iwe unogona kuve nechokwadi chekuti munda uri kuburitsa yakakwira mhedzisiro
- Mutengo we cosmomonitoring uri 30 ... 50 rubles pahekita pagore. Kugadzira mepu yekuisa fetiraiza, semuenzaniso, senitrogen - 15 rubles pahekita. Ongororo yeagrochemical, inoitwa makore mana ega ega, inoita 150-180 rubles pahekita, ”akadaro Alexey Tenekov, director weAgro-Soft LLC. - Kazhinji, isu tinoti izvi: "Sevha munda mumwe - uye iwe uchadzoreredza mutengo wehunyanzvi."
Kuchenesa uye kutumira: vimba neGrimme
Rwendo rwekuenda kunzvimbo dzekurima mbatatisi dzaNikolai Yuzefov pazasi, uko mbatatisi dzakakohwa dzinoiswa mumotokari ndokutumirwa kune vatengi, dzakapera.
Chii chiri mumunda wekukohwa, icho pano, pazasi, iyo Grimme michina inoshanda.
"Makore gumi nemaviri apfuura paive nesarudzo pakati pehunyanzvi hweDutch neGerman," akadaro Yusefov. - Injiniya neni takafamba muRussia yese, takatarisa. Iyo yekuDutch inogadzira yaive nezvikanganiso, saka vakasarudza Grimme. Uye hatizvidembi. Zviri nyore kuchengetedza, zvese zvinoshanda, zvese zvakanaka. Hapana zvichemo.
Zvakanakira Grimme - pamusoro pekuita kwepamusoro uye hunyanzvi matekinoroji - ndeyekuti iyo mhando ine hombe yebasa uye yekugadzira nzvimbo mudunhu reKaluga uye hombe yekuchengetedza zvikamu.
Iyo michina yeKFH Yuzefova inopihwa naAgrotekhnik LLC, wekutanga mudiwa weGrimme muRussia. Gore rino Agrotekhnik achapa maviri Grimme mbatata yekudyara michina kupurazi. Nikolai Nikolaevich anobvuma kuti aizotorawo mitsara yekugadzirisa.
- Tine mana akazara Grimme ekurongedza mitsara: ma conveyors, ekugadzirisa matafura, telescopic vanobata. Chinyorwa chekutakura chiri 850 matani ematatata pazuva, - akadaro Nikolai Nikolaevich. - Asi ikozvino kukohwiwa kwehanyanisi kunotanga, uye imwe yemitsetse inofanirwa kutsauswa. Mitsara yakati wandei yakanangana neuta ingave yakanaka.
Potato humambo hupfumi
Gore rakapera, mari yeYuzefov purazi yakasvika pamamirioni mazana mapfumbamwe emabhuru. Kubatsirwa - 900 mamirioni.
- Hazvina kukwana. Zvakaitika kuti ivo vakagamuchira vese mazana maviri nemakumi maviri nemakumi mashanu emamiriyoni, - akabvuma Yuzefov. - Asi isu takadzikisa nemaune purofiti kuti tivake imwe nzvimbo yekuchengetera zviuru zvinomwe zvematani, ichavimbiswa kudonha uku. Isu takavandudza zvikepe zvedu zvemidziyo, takawedzera nzvimbo yekudiridza, asi ikozvino tinofanirwa kumira uye kudzora chikwereti chedu chemari.
Kufarira pazvikwereti (pasina ivo, Nikolai Nikolaevich anochema, hapana budiriro inogoneka) inodya anenge 55 mamirioni rubles.
Chinhu chakanyanya kukosha mumutengo wembatatisi nehanyanisi chemistry. Zvinotora zana nemakumi maviri emaruble pagore. Anodya mafuta akawanda edhiziri.
"Kana uine zvikamu makumi matatu zvekusasa zvinoshanda muminda, mupiro wake wakakosha," anotsanangura Yuzefov. - Vamwe varimi vembatatisi vanonyepa kuti mutengo wekirogiramu yema mbatatisi isvika mashanu kusvika kumatanhatu rubles. Hazvigone kudaro. Mutengo wemhando yemapatata ndeye 30-7,7 rubles.
Nikolay Yuzefov anotengesa mbatatisi muhuwandu, chikamu chemidzi yezvirimwa chakasimwa chirimwa chembatatisi muAzov. Murimi haataure nenetwork network - anoziva nyaya apo zvitoro zvikuru hazvina kudzorera mari kuvanogadzira zvekukohwa, achitaura nezvekuti mbatatisi dzakanga dzakaipa uye dzakaora.
- MuFinland, matapiri haasati akohwewa kubva kumunda, asi akatotengwa - uye murimi anogona kudzikama mari iyi akadzikama, akadaro Yusefov. - Ini handipedze zvibvumirano nema network uye ini handikupi zano iwe. Ini ndinoshanda pane prepaid hwaro. Ini handikweretese munhu.
Source: https://agrobook.ru/