Mbatata haisi mbesa yechinyakare kuUzbekistan, kunyangwe iine nzvimbo yakakosha mukudya kwevagari vayo. Huwandu hwenyika huri kuwedzera, uye kudiwa kwechigadzirwa ichi kuri kuwedzera. Uye basa rekuwedzera kugadzirwa kwembatatisi riri kuwedzera kukurumidza.
Basa rekusimudzirwa
Goho rembatatisi muUzbekistan muna 1990 raive zviuru mazana matatu ematani. Muna 300, goho rezvirimwa rakatopfuura matani 2022 miriyoni, asi vhoriyamu iyi haina kuzadzisa zvinodiwa nerepublic. Nhasi, anokwana 3,4 miriyoni matani emachubhu anodiwa kuti aite zvaanoda.
Zvinopfuura 80% zvezvigadzirwa zvinodyiwa nevanhu zvinogona kurima zvakazvimirira. Saka, gore rapfuura, miriyoni imwe yematani embatatisi yakagamuchirwa kubva kumabhizinesi ezvekurima, uye mamwe matani 1 miriyoni kubva kumapurazi edekhkan (varimi) nenzvimbo dzakazvimiririra. Iwo akashaikwa zviuru mazana mashanu nemakumi matatu nemaviri matani akaunzwa kubva kuPakistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia nedzimwe nyika.
Zviremera zverepublic panguva ino zvakatarisana nekugadzirisa matambudziko eiyo sub-indasitiri. Chekutanga ndiko kudiwa kwekuwedzera goho. Mbatata munyika inodyarwa munzvimbo ye253 zviuru mahekita, asi paavhareji matani 16,3 chete ezvigadzirwa anokohwewa kubva pahekita imwe neimwe.
Kurimwa kwembatatisi kwakabatana nematambudziko akakomba ayo varimi veko vanomanikidzwa kukunda. Zvinangwa zvinosanganisira mamiriro okunze akaoma uye anopisa uye kushomeka kwezviwanikwa zvemvura.
“Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, mbatatisi inobatwa nehosha dzakawanda uye tupukanana, izvo zvinoderedza goho uye zvinotokonzera kufa kwacho,” anodaro Dr. Agricultural Sciences. Sainzi, Purofesa weDhipatimendi reKukura kweZvirimwa neKugadzira Kwekudya, Samarkand State University yeVeterinary Medicine, Biotechnology uye Husbandry Ibrahim Ergashev. - Zvirwere zvehutachiona zvakanyanya kupararira munyika.
Panguva imwecheteyo, mamiriro ekunze akapa varimi veUzbek mukana wakasiyana wekurima muminda yavo rinenge gore rose.
“Kumaodzanyemba, kudyara zvirimwa kunotanga muna January,” anotsanangura kudaro mukuru mukuru wekambani yeAgrover. Farkhod Takhirov, - uye inoenderera kune mamwe matunhu kusvika Nyamavhuvhu. Tinotanga kukohwa mbatatisi dzekutanga muna Chivabvu, uye kuchera mbatatisi dzakanonoka muna Zvita. Nekuda kwemwaka wakareba, tine zvakanakira kukwikwidza uye mikana mikuru yekutumira kunze.
Zvedu ndizvo zvekutanga
Nyaya yekuwedzera goho rezvirimwa iri kugadziriswa padanho rehurumende, panzvimbo dzemasangano esainzi neminda yekuedza.
"Basa pakusarudza mbatatisi uye kugadzirwa kwembeu kwakatangwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzerepublic, semuenzaniso, munzvimbo dzeJizzakh neTashkent," akadaro munyori wesainzi weResearch Institute (Research Institute) yeVegetables, Melons uye Mbatata. Fakhriddin Rasulov. - Murabhoritari yedu yebiotechnology, marudzi embatatisi epamba anoparadzirwa, anosanganisira Pskom, Serkhosil, Sarnav, Umid-2, Akrob nevamwe.
Mini-tubers inoumbwa mune yemazuva ano yepamusoro-tech greenhouse uye yozopihwa kune epamusoro mbeu mapurazi. Pakazara, pakupera kwa2023, iyo Institute inoronga kukura 2,5 miriyoni mini-tubers.
Vanamazvikokota vane chivimbo chekuti mbeu dzakarimwa muRepublic vachishandisa tekinoroji nyowani dzinoenderana nevhu reko uye mamiriro ekunze. Pamusoro pezvo, vanodhura zvakapetwa katatu, vanoburitsa goho rinosvika 35-40 matani pahekita kwemakore 3-4, uye havanawo mavhairasi anokuvadza.
"Izvi zvinoda nzira yakakosha yekugadzirwa kwembeu, yakagadziridzwa tichifunga nezvezvakatipoteredza uye agrobiological factor," anodaro Ibrahim Ergashev. -Basa revapfuri haringogumiri pakuvandudzwa kwemhando dzemakwikwi, dzinobereka zvakanyanya. Masayendisiti anofanira kupa varimi mbatatisi inoshingirira kune utachiona huripo.
Mukutanga kwegore, rejista yekubudirira kwekubereka kwerepublic yakazadzikiswa zvakare. Iyo itsva yemhando yepamusoro-yekutanga mbatatisi yakanzi "Tashkent ertagisi" (Tashkent ngano).
"Inoibva mazuva gumi kusvika gumi nemaviri zvisati zvaitika," anodaro mumwe wevanyori vezvakasiyana, director weResearch Institute of Vegetables, Melons uye Mbatata. Rustam Nizamov, - inoda ivhu rakaorera kwazvo, rinopesana nezvirwere zvehutachiona. Nguva yekukura ndeye 65-70 mazuva. Goho rinotarisirwa kubva pa26,8-27,5 tons pahekita, kana kuti 5-6 tons kudarika mhando dzekutanga dzemuno.
Iyo Bogizogon yakasiyana-siyana, iyo yakawanikwa gore rakapera nemasayendisiti kubva kusayenzi yekuongorora nzvimbo muSamarkand, ine maitiro akafanana. Iye zvino iri kuedzwa muminda yepurazi.
Kubva kuFeruza kuenda kuAdretta
Nekuda kwemamiriro ekunze, varimi muUzbekistan vanotarisa mhando dzinoshivirira kupisa zvakanaka uye dzisingapindirwe nechando. Iyo State Register yeZvokurima Zviyo inosanganisira zana nemakumi mashanu mbatatisi marudzi, makumi maviri acho akagadzirwa nemasaenzi emuno.
Mhando dzemumba dzakadai seAkrab, Bakhro-30, Tuyimli, Feruza dzakakurumbira. Uye pakati pevatorwa, inonyanya kufarirwa ndeyeArizona, Adretta, Red Oak, Kenibek.
“Purazi redu rinotsamira pakusarudzwa kweDutch neGermany,” anodaro Farkhod Takhirov, - uye tinokura pamusoro pemhando gumi dzembatatisi. Gore rega rega isu tinoitisa kugadzirwa uye kwakasiyana bvunzo, tichinyoresa nezve 10-3 mhando nyowani.
Iyo Republic inoda zviuru mazana matanhatu nemakumi mashanu ematani embeu yembatatisi pagore. Muna 650, matani zviuru makumi maviri nemaviri chete akapinzwa munyika, mamwe akarimwa mumapurazi embeu uye padzimba dzemhuri.
“Tinoshingirira kusimudzira kurima mbeu dzekutanga,” anotsanangura kudaro Farkhod Takhirov, - takavaka laboratory uye tatotanga kuita microclonal propagation ye tubers. Asi varimi vembatatisi havakwanise kugadzirisa nyaya yacho nembeu murepublic vari voga. MuUzbekistan, nekuda kwekupisa, kune nzvimbo shoma dzakakodzera kurima, uye munzvimbo dzakakwirira kune kushomeka kwezvivakwa. Imbeu yemhando yakaderera inokonzera goho rakashata uye kutengeswa kushoma kwezvigadzirwa kubva kuvarimi vadiki.
Dear progress
Michina yemazuva ano yekurima inobvumidza iwe kukwirisa mitengo, kuwedzera goho uye mhando yembatatisi. Asi mutengo wayo wakakwira unoisa nzira yekufambira mberi isingasvikike kune mazana evarimi.
"Kambani yeAgrover inoyedza kuunza michina nezvikamu kubva kune vanogadzira pasi rose mukugadzira," anodaro. Farod Takhirov. “Asi mapurazi mazhinji munyika achiri kushandisa michina yechinyakare. Uye chikamu chebasa remaoko chichiri chakakwirira. Kana dzimwe nzira dzichiri kushandiswa kurima mitsara, saka kudyara nekukohwa zvirimwa kunowanzoitwa nemaoko.
Kudiridza chinhu chinosungirwa kurima mbatatisi muUzbekistan. Uye nzira yakajairika yekudiridza inoramba iri yechinyakare - gomba rekudiridza. Nekubatsira kwayo, zvakaoma kupa chirimwa nehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehunyoro, uye goho remachubhu harikwiri pamusoro pe20-25 toni pahekita.
“Ndiko kusaka tave kuchinjira kushandisa nzira dzemadiridziro dzechizvino-zvino uye dzine hunyanzvi,” anodaro Farkhod Takhirov. – Tinotenda nekumwaya mvura, purazi redu rinokwanisa kuwana avhareji yematani 30-40 egoho pahekita. Uye pahupamhi - kusvika 50-60 matani. Mahekita zviuru zviviri nemazana mashanu akatoshandurwa kuita madiridziro emvura.
Mukati memiganhu yemikana
Zvinetso nekutengesa zvigadzirwa hazvina kuchengetedza varimi veUzbek mbatatisi. Vanofanira kutengesa chirimwa chezhizha nekukurumidza kuitira kuti mumamiriro ekupisa ma tubers, asina kunyatsogadzira matehwe avo, asarasikirwe nechitarisiko chavo chekutengesa. Haasi munhu wese anogona kuchengetedza zvirimwa zvavo, uye pakukwirira kwegoho, mitengo pamusika inodonha.
“Takatora nyaya yekuona kuchengetedzwa kwezvigadzirwa zvekurima zvakanyanya,” anotsanangura kudaro Farod Takhirov. -Kuchengetedzwa kwekambani inobvumira kuchengetedza panguva imwe chete inodarika zviuru makumi mana nemasere ematani embatatisi. Kuitwa kwayo mhiri kwedunhu republic uye mhiri kwemiganhu yayo hazviregi gore rose.
Vagadziri vadiki vanogadzirisa matambudziko nekutengesa nerubatsiro rwevamiriri. Mapurazi makuru anokwanisa kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvemhando, kuronga uye kurongedza mbatatisi anoshanda zvakananga nemaketani ekutengesa. Uye chete vatungamiriri ve sub-indasitiri vane mukana wekuita tuber processing.
“Apo nzvimbo iri pasi pechirimwa ichi yakasvika mahekita mazana maviri,” vanodaro Farkhod Takhirov, - takasvika pakugumisa kuti kambani inoda kuvandudza nzvimbo yekugadzirisa. Chirimwa chedu, chinokwanisa kugadzira anosvika zviuru makumi mashanu ematani ezvigadzirwa gore negore, akashongedzerwa nemichina yakanakisa. Nhasi inogadzira mbatatisi flakes uye fries yakaomeswa nechando.
Chishuwo chevarimi kurima mbatatisi kuti igadziriswe inogumira neimwe chokwadi. Domestic tubers haizadzise zvinodiwa zvemahombe transnational catering cheni. Nechikonzero ichi, mavhoriyamu makuru ehafu-apedzwa mbatatisi, machipisi, starch, mbatatisi yakakanyiwa uye zviyo zvinounzwa muRepublic kubva kunze kwenyika.
Kubatanidza zviwanikwa
Iyo yakasarudzika yedunhu reCentral Asia ndeyekuti chikamu chakakosha chevagadziri vembatatisi vanomiririrwa nemapurazi madiki, ane urombo. Varimi veUzbek havanawo mari yekushanda, ruzivo rwakakosha uye ruzivo, michina nemidziyo, mvura yekudiridza, uye zvigadzirwa zvekudzivirira chirimwa.
Kudyidzana nevatambi vemusika vakasimba kunogona kubatsira varimi kuronga kugadzirwa kwakagadzikana uye kuwana purofiti yakanaka.
“Tine ruzivo rwekushanda nevarimi vadiki avo vatinopa mbeu yembeu,” vanodaro Farod Takhirov. “Vanofarira kambani yeAgrover sevanotengesera mbatatisi dzekutengesa uye zvekushandisa pakugadzira chirimwa ichi. Kunyanya kana vachimiririra matunhu ane purofiti yepamusoro yetsika. Takagadzirira kupa varimi kushandiswa kwezvivakwa zvakagadziridzwa uye kubvunza nyanzvi.
Rubatsiro kubva kuhurumende, semuenzaniso, kukweretesa kwakasarudzika, kunogona kugadzirisa matambudziko ebhizinesi rekurima. Asi kuti utore mukana werutsigiro urwu, unofanirwa kupa chibatiso kubhanga, izvo zvisingawanzogonekwa nemurimiwo zvake.
Rubatsiro rwakakura rwunopihwa varimi vari kutanga nzira dzekudiridzira dzechizvino-zvino (somuenzaniso, irrigation yedrip). Asi iyo nyika inotora chikamu chete chemitengo yakakosha.
Sechikamu chekuitwa kweKurima Kwekuvandudza Strategy yeUzbekistan ye2020-2030, matanho asina kumboitika ari kuitwa munyika. Izvo zvakare zvine chinangwa chekukurudzira varimi vembatatisi kuti vagadzire zvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro. Munguva kubva 2024 kusvika 2025, Ministry of Agriculture yeRepublic inoronga kugovera mazana mashanu ematani embeu mahara pakati pemapurazi epamusoro dehkan uye varidzi venzvimbo dzemhuri. Nhamba yose yevakagamuchira mbeu yembeu ichasvika 500 zviuru.
Nekuda kwechiito chakadaro, goho regoho rinofanira kuwedzera mune zvese zvemhando uye uwandu. Uzbekistan ichave nhanho imwe padhuze kune chinangwa chayo: kuita kuti mbatatisi irime inobudirira, yakabudirira sub-chikamu chekurima.
Irina Berg