Mbatatisi haingori sosi yekudya kabhohaidhireti kuvanhu, asiwo sosi yesitashi kune akawanda maindasitiri ekushandisa. A&M AgriLife Texas masayendisiti ari kudzidza maitiro ekushandura chiyero chemamorekuru maviri estarch mumbatatisi - amylose uye amylopectin - kuwedzera kushandiswa kwechirimwa mukudya nekumaindasitiri.
Semuenzaniso, waxy mbatatisi ine amylopectin yakakwira yemukati inoshandiswa mukugadzira bioplastics, zvekuwedzera chikafu, zvinonamira, uye doro.
Mapepa maviri achangobva kuburitswa muInternational Journal yeMolecular Sciences uye Plant Cell, Tissue uye Organ Culture anoongorora kuti tekinoroji yeCRISPR ingavandudza sei mashandisirwo embatatisi.
Mapepa ose ari maviri anosanganisira basa rakaitwa naStephanie Toinga, Ph.D., akanga ari mudzidzi akapedza zvidzidzo zvake murabhoritari yaKirti Rathor, Ph.D., AgriLife Plant Biotechnologist paTexas A&M Plant Genomics and Biotechnology Institute neDepartment of Soils. Zvakare akanyora pamwe mapepa ese ari maviri aive Isabelle Weils, Ph.D., murimi wembatatisi paAgriLife Research paTexas A&M Dhipatimendi reHorticultural Science.
“Ruzivo neruzivo rwatakawana kubva muzvidzidzo zviviri izvi zvichatibatsira kuunza humwe hunhu hunodiwa muchirimwa chakakosha ichi,” akadaro Rathor.
Mbatata Chokwadi
Mbatata inorimwa munyika dzinopfuura zana nemakumi matanhatu pamaeka 160 miriyoni uye ndicho chikafu chikuru chevanhu vanopfuura bhiriyoni.
Mbatatisi yepakati nepakati ine macalorie anosvika zana nemakumi matanhatu, anonyanya kutorwa kubva kune starch, Rathor anodaro, ndosaka machubhu ari akakosha ekupa simba kune vanhu vazhinji pasirese. Mbatata inewo zvimwe zvinovaka muviri, zvinosanganisira mavhitamini nemamineral.
Starch yakakosha pakudya uye kushandiswa kwemaindasitiri.
Huwandu hwe starch mu mbatatisi tubers ndicho chinhu chikuru pakuona kushandiswa kwembatatisi.
Mbatatisi dzepamusoro-sitachi dzinowanzo shandiswa kugadzira zvikafu zvakagadzikiswa senge fries, machipisi uye mbatatisi dzakaomeswa, anodaro Wales.
Mbatatisi yakaderera-uye yepakati-starch inowanzoshandiswa nyowani kana sematafura etafura, anodaro. Pakunwiwa kutsva kwemachubhu, zvimwe zvinhu zvakakosha kutaridzika kwechubhu, kusanganisira kuumbwa kweganda, ruvara rweganda, ruvara rwenyama, uye tuber shape. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, mhando dzakasiyana dzembatatisi dzemhando dzakasiyana dzakaonekwa, senge mucheche; vane ganda dzvuku, repepuru kana yero uye nyama zviri kuita mukurumbira nekuda kwekureruka kwavo kwekugadzirira uye kuwedzera kukosha kwekudya.
Mukuwedzera, ethanol inogona kugadzirwa kubva mbatatisi starch yehuni kana zvinwiwa zvinodhaka; biodegradable plastiki inotsiva; kana zvinonamira, mabhainda, mameseji ekushandisa uye mafirita emishonga, machira, matanda uye mapepa maindasitiri uye mamwe zvikamu zvehupfumi.
Pamashandisirwo emabhizimisi, zvakakosha kufunga nezvehuwandu uye rudzi rwe starch mumatata.
Toinga anotenda kuti high amylopectin starches inodiwa pakudya uye kumwe kushandiswa kwemaindasitiri nekuda kweiyo yakasarudzika maitiro ekuita. Semuenzaniso, masitadhi akadaro ndiyo inosarudzika fomu yekushandisa sekudzikamisa uye thickener mukudya uye se emulsifier mumasadhi madhirezi. Nekuda kwekugadzikana kwayo kwechando, amylopectin starch inoshandiswa mukudya kwakaomeswa nechando. Pamusoro pezvo, mbatatisi dzakapfuma muamylopectin starch dzinoburitsa mazinga eethanol akakwira zvichienzaniswa nembatatisi nemamwe mastachi.
Zvakanakira Kurera Mbatata neSelected Starch
Toinga anoti kugadzira mhando dzembatatisi dzakagadziridzwa sitachi kunogona kuvhura mikana mitsva. Mbatata ine amylopectin yakakwira uye yakaderera muamylose, seyakagadziridzwa gene Yukon Goridhe yaakatsanangura muInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences, ane mashandisirwo emaindasitiri kupfuura mashandisirwo azvinoitwa.
Kusiyana neizvi, mbatatisi dzine amylose mazinga akakwira uye yakaderera amylopectin ingave inodiwa kuti idyiwe nevanhu, akadaro Wales. Amylose inoita sefiber uye haisununguri glucose nyore nyore seamylopectin, zvichiita kuti glycemic index yakaderera uye iite mbatatisi inonaka kune vanhu vane chirwere cheshuga.
CRISPR/Cas9 inogadzira mikana mitsva
CRISPR/Cas9 tekinoroji yakawedzera bhokisi rematurusi rinowanikwa kuvarimi uye inopa yakananga uye nekukurumidza nzira yekubatanidza hunhu hunodiwa mumhando dzakakurumbira dzezvirimwa zvekutengesa, zvinyorwa zveWeils. Kuberekesa kwechivanhu kunotora makore gumi kusvika gumi nemashanu.
Uye zvakare, nekuda kwekuoma kwakaoma kweiyo mbatatisi genome, kugadzira mhando nyowani neiyo chaiyo seti yeinodiwa hunhu hwakaoma kune kwakajairika kubereka, anodaro. Tekinoroji tekinoroji yakawedzera kugona kwesarudzo, uye kugadzirisa kwemajini uchishandisa CRISPR/Cas9 tekinoroji inowedzera imwe nhanho yekuoma.
Yakavandudzwa yakasiyana Yukon Goridhe
Pakati pemhando dzakasiyana dzembatatisi dzakaongororwa muchidzidzo chekutanga, Yukon Goridhe yakagadzira zvakanakisa, saka yakashandiswa muchidzidzo chechipiri. Mhedzisiro yacho yaive mbatatisi ine yakakwira yeamylopectin uye yakaderera yeamylose mu starch.
"Chimwe chemiti yakabviswa, T2-7, yakaratidza kukura uye maitiro egoho asi yakanga isina zvachose amylose," Toinga akadaro.
Tuber starch, T2-7, ine maindasitiri ekushandisa mumaindasitiri emapepa nemachira seanonamira/binder, bioplastic, uye ethanol kugadzirwa. Iyo tuber starch yeiyi sampuli yekuyedza, nekuda kwekuramba kwayo kuomesa nechando uye kunyungudutswa pasina kudiwa kwekugadzirisa makemikari, inofanirwawo kubatsira mukugadzira chikafu chakaomeswa nechando. Mbatata ine amylopectin senzira yega yega starch inofanirawo kubereka yakawanda ethanol yekushandiswa kwemaindasitiri kana kugadzira zvinwiwa zvinodhaka.
Sedanho rinotevera muzvidzidzo izvi, kupinda T2-7 kwakazvisarudzira uye kwakayambuka nemupi weYukon Goridhe uye mamwe mazamu embatatisi kubvisa zvinhu zvinoshanduka.