Kuderedza mitengo uye kuwedzera kushanda zvakanaka ndiwo maveta makuru ekusimudzira bhizinesi rekurima remazuva ano chero nhanho uye chimiro. Sekureva kwenyanzvi, nhasi zvinogoneka kuwana shanduko dzinodiwa mukushanda kwepurazi kuburikidza nekuunzwa kwedhijitari maitiro uye matekinoroji. Kunyangwe iyi nzira haisati yave kunzi iri nyore uye nekukurumidza.
PAKUTANGA
Sekureva kweBazi rezvekurima reRussian Federation, muna 2018 muRussia chete 10% yevhu rinorimwa rakarimwa pachishandiswa tekinoroji. Panguva imwecheteyo, maererano nekucherechedza kwenyanzvi kubva kukambani "Agri 2.0. Kurima kwakaringana ”, kwave kushanda mumusika wezvigadziriso zvekurima kwemakore mapfumbamwe, hapana kana mabhizinesi makuru ekurima asara muRussia asina kumboshandisa kamwechete chishandiso chedhijitari.
"Takatanga kuunza zvimwe zvinhu zvekurima nemazvo makore mana apfuura," anodaro Alexander Nemirov, mukuru weJSC Potato, bhizinesi hombe rekugadzira mbatatisi mudunhu reKurgan. - Isu takaedza kugona kweiyo parallel yekutyaira system. Isu tiri kugona zvishoma nezvishoma mamwe maturusi, sezvo nhasi zvakaoma kuwana hunyanzvi hwekugadzira pasina ivo. Digitalization haisisiri ramangwana, ndiyo iripo yekurima. "
Vanhu vakawanda vanobvumirana nepfungwa iyi. Vagadziri vezvekurima vakawanda vari kushandisa GPS navigation system, vachivimba nedata rakagamuchirwa kubva muchadenga satellite uye drones, uye kutenga yavo yemamiriro ekunze zviteshi. Nekudaro, inguva isati yakwana kutaura nezve kupararira kwakakura kwakapararira kwehunyanzvi hutsva. "Chikamu cheavo vanoshandisa digitalization kubudirira chiri kukura gore rega rega," vanotsanangura nyanzvi dzeAgri 2.0. Kurima chaiko." "Asi kuchine mabhizinesi mashoma akashandisa nzira dzekurima nemazvo pamatanho ese ekugadzira."
"Tiri kungotanga kushanda nenzira iyi," anodaro Evgeny Tsirulev, mukuru wepurazi revarimi reTsirulev, purazi rinozivikanwa seimwe yemhando yepamusoro-soro mudunhu reSamara, dunhu remutyairi we "Digital Agriculture" yeBazi rezvekurima. ” chirongwa. Gore rino, kambani inoenderera mberi nehunyanzvi hwekuita zvemadhijitari, ichiunza hurongwa hwemhando dzakasiyana dzekushandisa fetereza.
DRONE REVOLUTION
Nekudaro, sekureva kwevaongorori vemusika, shanduko yedhijitari mune zvekurima yave pedyo nekona, uye chimwe chezviitiko zvaro zvakakosha kuchava kupinda kwemotokari dzisina munhu muminda. Michina iyi yakagadzirirwa kugadzirisa dambudziko rekushaikwa kwevashandi kumaruwa, iro rakakodzera nyika zhinji dzepasi rose.
Vagadziri vakakura vakawanda muU.SA, Netherlands, Japan, neIndia vanga vachiyedza mhando dzematirakita asina munhu uye anosanganisa makohwi kwemakore akati wandei. Mainjiniya eJapan vakaratidzira mhedzisiro yebasa ravo muna Chivabvu 12 gore rino, pamusangano weBoka remakumi maviri (G20) nyika. Tarakita, ine otomatiki yekudzora sisitimu, yakaita madenderedzwa akati wandei kutenderedza munda, yakazvimiririra yakasarudza nzira, yakarima ivhu zvakanaka uye yakamira kana yasangana nechipingamupinyi munzira.
Russia inogona zvakare kudada nezvayakaita mumunda we robotics. Munharaunda yeRyazan, pahwaro hwenzvimbo yekurima, iyo Agrobot drone tirakita yeimba yekutanga Avrora Robotics iri kuongororwa mumunda. Mumatunhu eKurgan neTomsk gore rino, vanokohwa vasina kurongwa vakabatana nekambani yepamba Cognitive Technologies uye chirimwa cheRostselmash vachatora chikamu mukukohwa.
Uye zvakadaro, matirakita asina kunyorwa uye anosanganisa ese ari munyika uye muRussia achiripo muchimiro chepfungwa.
Izvi hazvishamisi: kukanganisa kwakawanda kwemidziyo yakaoma hakuoneki pakarepo, uye kubvisa kukanganisa kunotora nguva.
Kunyangwe kunonoka kwekutanga kwemhando dzekugadzira kunokonzerwa nezvimwe zvikonzero. Mamwe acho anodudzwa neRBC, ichitaura nemukuru mukuru weKirov Plant, Georgy Semenenko: “Nehunyanzvi, michina yedu yakagadzirira zvakakwana. Uyu hausi mubvunzo wetekinoroji, asi mubvunzo wepfungwa uye wekutonga, sezvo mutengi achifanira kuita zvimwe gadziriro, kuita mepu yeminda yake, rimwe basa rehunyanzvi neminda yake kuitira kuti atange anozvimiririra kutyaira. Zvimwewo zvinhu zvinodzorwa zvine chekuita nemutemo (ndiani achange aine mhosva pakaitika tsaona yakati), nezvimwewo. Nyaya idzi hadzisi dzeRussia chete; dziri kugadziriswa pasi rose.”
Zvakaoma kutaura kuti zvichatora nguva yakareba sei kusvika mota dzisina munhu dzapinda mukutengesa. Nyanzvi dzinoverengeka dzeRussia hadzina tariro, dzichiratidza kuti hazvibviri kushanda muminda yemumba, inoratidzirwa nenzvimbo yakaoma uye zvipingamupinyi zvinogara zvichiitika, pasina mushandisi. Kunyangwe kune mamwe maonero. Zvinoenderana nekufanotaura neNational Association of Robotics Market Participants, panosvika 2024, ingangoita hafu yekutengesa mumusika wetirakita wepasi rose ichauya kubva kumadrones (uye huwandu hwemusika wemidziyo iyi huchave madhora mabhiriyoni makumi matatu nemazana manomwe).
CHII CHINONZI HANDPERING DIGITALIZATION?
Vagadziri vezvekurima vanotaura kudiwa kwekudyara kwakakura sedambudziko guru rinodzivirira kupararira nekukurumidza kwemidziyo mitsva. Kunyangwe vabati vezvekurima vanosarudza kuunza hutsva mumatanho, zvishoma nezvishoma kuongorora kushanda kwedanho rega rega, kugovera mutoro wemari uye kudzivirira zvimwe zvikwereti; kumabhizinesi madiki, kubudirira mumunda wedigitalization kunoramba kusingawanikwe.
Chikamu chakakosha chemabhizinesi ezvekurima (maererano neongororo - ingangoita 54%) yakagadzirira kuunza tekinoroji yedhijitari chete pahwaro hwekubhadhara mari pamwe chete; vagadziri vezvekurima vari kuvimba nerutsigiro rwenyika (pakutanga 16,1 bhiriyoni rubles akagoverwa kuti iitwe Digital. Agriculture project).
Mune zvimwe zviitiko, mutemo weRussia unoomesawo maitiro ekuunza hutsva. Zvakanyanya kuomarara, semuenzaniso, kune varidzi vezvidhori-zvisina kufambisa ndege (UAVs) dzinoshandiswa kutarisa minda kana kubata zvirimwa nemishonga yekudzivirira chirimwa. Zvinoenderana nemutemo, maUAV anorema anopfuura 250 magiramu anosungirwa kunyoreswa (zvisinei, maitiro ekuanyoresa haasati agadzirwa).
Dzimwe ndege dzakakomba (dzine huremu hwekutakura hunopfuura makirogiramu makumi matatu) dziri pasi pechirongwa chekunyoresa chakagadzwa neAdministrative Regulations yeFederal Air Transport Agency.
Asi kuzvinyoresa pachako hakuna kukwana. Iwe unogona kubhururuka zviri pamutemo drones mudenga chete mushure mekuwana mvumo yekubhururuka. Mune mamwe matunhu, izvi zvinoda chikumbiro kuvakuru venzvimbo.
Zvese izvi zvinoda nguva nesimba, uye mhedzisiro inowanikwa haisi nguva dzose yakaenzana nekudyara. Izvo zvese nezvedambudziko rechitatu - kushomeka kwakanyanya kwevashandi vanokwanisa vane ruzivo muminda yeIT uye agronomy, uye vanokwanisa, kunyanya, yekududzira zvine hungwaru uye kushandisa data rakagamuchirwa kubva kune drone mubasa ravo. Kana kunyatso gadzirisa uye kuyedza ma sensor akaiswa patirakita yako, sprayer kana kusanganisa.
Sekureva kweBazi rezvekurima reRussian Federation, vanhu vangangoita zviuru zana negumi nemazana matatu vari kushanda muIT agro-industrial complex, zvinoda kusvika zviuru makumi mapfumbamwe. kukwezva kufunga, kuvimbisa vechidiki kumusha. Mapurazi akawanda ari kutarisira izvi.
Kunyora matambudziko, munhu haagone kubatsira asi kubvuma kuti muRussia kuchine matunhu uko kuiswa kwehunyanzvi hwekurima tekinoroji hazvigoneke: hapana chete yeInternet yakakurumidza, asiwo nharembozha. Pakati peakanyanya kunetsa iChukotka, iyo Nenets Autonomous Okrug, chikamu cheFar East, uye Magadan Region. Asi vagari venzvimbo dzeCentral Russia, dunhu reVolga, Urals neSiberia, kure nemaguta makuru, vanosanganawo nematambudziko akafanana. Zviri pachena nguva isati yakwana kutaura nezve digital iripo pano.
DIGITAL FUTURE
Maererano nenyanzvi kubva kuRussia Ministry of Agriculture, kuiswa kwedhijitari mhinduro mumakore anotevera kuchakanganisa zvakanyanya kusimukira kwekurima munyika: ichapa budiriro yetekinoroji inozotungamira mukuwedzera kubereka uye kuwedzera purofiti yemabhizinesi ekurima.
Uye dhipatimendi richashanda nesimba kune izvi. Pakazosvika 2024, shumiro inoronga kugadzira yakabatana yemubatanidzwa ine ruzivo nezveminda yekurima uye yeCentral Information uye Analytical System yekurima, yakabatanidzwa neRosstat uye Federal Customs Service. Aya masisitimu achabatanidza ruzivo nezve ivhu rinoshandiswa nevarimi uye pane zvimwe zviratidzo zvepurazi.
Zvakare pakati pezvinokosheswa neBazi rezvekurima ndiko kutangwa kwegwaro re "Land of Knowledge" - yekutanga indasitiri-yakafara yedzidzo yemagetsi system, maererano neiyo zviuru makumi mashanu neshanu nyanzvi dzekurima dzinofanirwa kudzidziswa muhunyanzvi hwehupfumi hwedhijitari panosvika 2021; kuunzwa kwe smart contract system (nekuda kwekuti varimi vezvekurima vachakwanisa kutora magwaro kuti vagamuchire rubatsiro rwezvekurima uye zvikwereti zvakasarudzika kuburikidza neakaundi yavo pawebhusaiti). Kune mamwe mapurojekiti ambitious ari mupombi.
Imwe nzira kana imwe, digitalization inobata hupenyu hwese bhizinesi. Nhasi tinofanira kunge takagadzirira izvi.