Nyanzvi dzekambani "Nyamavhuvhu", imwe yevakuru vekuRussia vanogadzira zvigadzirwa zvekudzivirira zvirimwa, vakanyora zvirimwa zvakanyanya purofiti, pamwe nekutyisidzira kukuru kune chirimwa chezvirimwa izvi mwaka uno. Chinonyanya kubatsira varimi nhasi kurimwa kwezviyo, sunflower, rapeseed, oil flax uye chibage. Panguva imwecheteyo, basa guru rekuita purofiti hakusi kuderedza mari yekugadzirwa kwekurima, asi kuwedzera zvibereko.
Zviyo. Kwemakore akati wandei ikozvino, mamiriro ekunze uye goho rinotsamira pazviri zvakasiya zvakanyanya kudiwa muEurope nemuUSA. Nzvimbo dzepasi rose dzekurima zviyo dziri kutambura nekushaikwa kwemvura inonaya. Mumusika wepasi rose wezviyo, mutengo wepamusoro uye kudiwa kwakatsiga kunochengetwa - zvekuti, kana tichitarisa kureba, zvirimwa izvi zvave kudarika mutungamiri wenguva refu asina kupokana - sunflower.
"MuRussia, zvakadaro, zvirimwa zvezviyo zvakanyanyisa," anodaro Dmitry Belov, mukuru wedhipatimendi rekugadzirwa kwezvinhu pakambani yaAugust. - Yakasiyana ivhu uye nzvimbo dzemamiriro ekunze dzinoshanda kwatiri: semuenzaniso, isu tine Central Russia uye, kunyanya, iyo Central Black Earth Dunhu, uko iko zvino kusisina chinodzikamisa mwando chinhu, kusiyana, toti, matunhu ekumaodzanyemba.
Izvi hazvirevi kuti hapazovi nematambudziko muna 2021, kunyange zvazvo dzimwe nyanzvi, kusanganisira basa rekuongorora reUnited States Department of Agriculture (USDA), akafanotaura imwe nhoroondo yekukohwa gorosi kuRussia. Saka, chitubu ichi munharaunda yeCentral Chernozem, nekuda kwekuoma kwematsutso uye kuderera kwemvura yechando yezvirimwa zvechando, chikamu che "nzvimbo dzakadonha" chaive chakakwirira. Semuenzaniso, mune mamwe mapurazi edunhu reVoronezh, 100% yeminda yaifanira kudzvanywa nezvirimwa zvechirimo. Nekuda kwechando mold - chirwere chefungal chinokanganisa zvirimwa panguva yechirimo chakareba - chikamu chezvirimwa zvechando muAltai, Udmurtia neBashkortostan zvakafa. Chirwere chisingawanzoitiki - sclerotinia - chakazviratidzawo muUdmurtia, Bashkortostan uye Mordovia. Tichifunga nezvemamiriro ezvinhu aya, zvinogona kufungidzirwa kuti mitengo yegorosi, rye nebhari haizodzike muna 2021. Pakati pezvimwe zvinotyisidzira, munhu anogona kutumidza zvipembenene zvakadai sechingwa fleas uye wireworms, uye munzvimbo dzinoverengeka, nekuda kwekuwedzera kwakanyanya kweavhareji yekushisa kwemhepo zuva nezuva, zvirimwa zvakatambura nekupisa kwekupisa.
Zuva. Zvisinei nehurongwa huripo hwekutemerwa kwemitengo yembeu yesunflower, ichiri chirimwa chepamusoro uye ichikwanisa kutengeswa kunze kwenyika. Muna 2021, anenge 8 miriyoni mahekita echirimwa ichi akarongerwa kudyarwa, asi pano zvinofanirwa kutariswa kuti zvirimwa zvakafa zvechando zvakadzvanywa, kusanganisira nesunflower. Maitiro ekuwedzera nzvimbo iri pasi payo muna 2021, saka, inoenderera.
VeAgrarians, vanovimbisa purofiti, vanoedza kuchengetedza nesimba ravo rose - hazvisi pasina kuti sunflower inoonekwa sechirimwa chepamusoro maererano nekufambira mberi mukushandiswa kwezvigadzirwa zvekudzivirira chirimwa. “Zvisinei, zvirwere zvakaita sephomosis nephomopsis, izvo zvinokonzeresa necrosis of plant tissues, downy mildew, basket rot, botrytinosis (grey rot) nesclerotinia, zvinogona kukanganisa goho gore rino. Kunyangwe iyo yekupedzisira yakazviratidza pazviyo zvemuchando, zvinofanirwa kurangarirwa kuti kune fungi ye sclerotinia genus, zvirimwa zvinogashira sunflower, rapeseed, uye soya bhinzi, uye chimiro chinotenderera chechirimwa chinobatsira mukukuvadzwa kwakanyanya kwezvirimwa. sclerotinia,” anodaro Dmitry Belov.
Kubatwa chibharo. MuRussia, tsika yekudya mafuta echibharo pakudya haina kugadzirwa, kusiyana neEurope. Zvakare, marudzi ese emafuta emiriwo anotengwa neChina. Iko kudiwa kwemafuta echibharo kuchiri kukura nekuda kwekuwedzera kwekugadzirwa kwepasi rose kwebiodiesel, sechinhu chakabikwa, rapeseed inodiwa pakugadzirwa kwehunyanzvi hwemafuta uye mafuta ekuzora, mukugadzirwa kwemakemikari emumba nezvinonhuwira. Zvese izvi zvinotsigira chimiro cherapeseed sechirimwa chemafuta chepamusoro. MuRussia, kubatwa kwechando kwechando kuri kupararira zvakanyanya kubva kumaodzanyemba kusvika kuchamhembe, uko kune hunyoro hwakawanda, kusanganisira mumatsutso, uye, nekudaro, njodzi yekushaikwa kwekukura kwezvirimwa yakaderera. Nzvimbo dziri pasi pezvirimwa zvechirimo rapeseed dzakawedzerawo mumakore achangopfuura.
“Zvisinei, gore rino goho rembeu dzechibharo, uye nekudaro, kusimba kwekukura munzvimbo yezvirimwa zvayo, mubvunzo mukuru. Munzvimbo dzinoverengeka, uko pakutanga kwaive nehunyoro hwakakwana nekuda kwekudonha kwechando, minda yakaomeswa nekukasira: chando, sezvavanotaura, chakava "chisina". Kazhinji, mamiriro ekunze anogona kutorwa sengozi huru yekubatwa chibharo muna 2021, "Dmitry Belov anotenda.
Oilseed flax. Muna 2020, kuwedzera nekukurumidza kwemutengo wekutenga mbeu dzechirimwa ichi kwakashamisa kuvarimi. Oilseed flax munguva pfupi iri kutevera inogona kuratidza kuve mukwikwidzi werapeseed - zvirinani kune idzo nyika umo mamiriro ekunze asingabvumidze kuverenga pagoho rayo rinogara richikwira. Linseed nemafuta eflakisi ari kuwedzera kushandiswa mukugadzirwa kwechikafu pasirese, asi chinhu chikuru chinotaridza kukwira kwemitengo iko kushandiswa kwemafuta e-linseed sechinhu chehunyanzvi muindasitiri, kunyanya pendi uye varnish.
Oilseed flax inodyarwa nguva ichiripo, hainyanyi kukanganiswa nemamiriro ekunze akaipa, uye kushomeka kwemwando hakuna kuipa kwairi sekuwanda kwayo. Pakati pezvirwere zvinogona kukuvadza chirimwa muna 2021, zvakakosha kusiyanisa, kutanga, Fusarium wilt uye flax falla - chirwere chinowedzera zvakanyanya kunaka kwembeu dzayo. Mumatanho ekutanga ekukura, flax inogona zvakare kutyisidzirwa zvakanyanya newireworm.
Chibage. Kuzivikanwa kwe "Queen of the Fields" kwakaderera munzvimbo dzekumaodzanyemba kweRussia, zvisinei, muCentral Black Earth Region nhasi zvinokwanisika kuwana zvibereko zvakakwirira zvechirimwa ichi - inenge 70 centner pahekita. Kazhinji, nzvimbo iri pasi pezvirimwa zvayo iri kukura, kusanganisira nekuda kwekudiwa kwekudyara kwechirimo panzvimbo yezvirimwa zvakakanganiswa zvechando. Chibage chinotengeswa kunze kwenyika chakanyanya kukwirira, chiri kudiwawo pamusika wemumba, chirimwawo chakakosha pakupfuya zvipfuyo.
"Panyaya yemuganho, chibage chinotapira, chinoshandiswa kugadzira mumagaba, chinomira zvakanyanya: chine mitengo yekutenga yakanyanya uye inowanzorimwa pasi pezvibvumirano zvakapedzwa kare nevagadziri. Nokudaro, kukanganisa kupi zvako kunogona kudhura. Zvinhu zvikuru zvinodzorwa netwupukanana igonye redonje, iro makonye anogara munzeve, zvichikonzera kukuvadzwa kusingagadzirike kwadziri uye kuita kuti isashande, pamwe chete nemhunga yechibage,” anodaro Dmitry Belov.
Maererano nenyanzvi dze "August", basa guru revarimi muRussia nhasi nderokuwedzera kwekubudirira, uye kwete kuderedzwa kwemari yekugadzira, iyo inenge yakarasikirwa nekukwanisa kwayo. Kune chirimwa che30 centner pahekita, inenge yakaenzana nhanho yemitengo inodiwa sechirimwa che60 centner pahekita, zvisinei, mutengo wecentner yezviyo mune yechipiri kesi inoderera, uye marginality inowedzera. “Kana goho richikwira, ndipo pakawedzera kudiwa kweinishuwarenzi yezvekurima - kubva kuzvirwere, masora, tumbuyu. Uye varimi vekurima vekuRussia nhasi vari kusvika "zvishoma zvishoma" pamutengo wekurima zvirimwa: zvakanyanya, zvakanyanya, zvinogoneka, asi zvishoma hazvigoneke," anopedzisa kudaro Dmitry Belov.