Anastasia Borovkova, Omia Ural LLC, Agribusiness Development Manager
Mbatatisi dzakareba dzave chirimwa chakarongeka munyika medu, icho chinorimwa munzvimbo dzese dzeRussia, uye shanduko muhupenyu hwenzanga yese zvine chekuita nedenda rakasimbisa zvakare kudikanwa kwe "chingwa chechipiri" chevanhu. Hazvisi zvoitika kuti Qu Dongyu, Director-General weFood and Agriculture Organisation yeUnited Nations (FAO), vakazivisa kuti 2021 ichave gore reNyika dzeMichero neMiriwo, kuti kusimudzira kuziva kwekukosha kwezvigadzirwa izvi kune chikafu, kuchengetedza chikafu uye hutano.
Pasinei neizvi, muRussia pane tsika yekudzora nzvimbo yekurima. Sekureva kwaRosstat, nzvimbo yekurimwa kwembatatisi mune yeindasitiri chikamu chembatatisi chiri kukura muRussia muna 2020 mumapurazi ezvikamu zvese zvaisvika 280,9 zviuru mahekita, inova 8,0% (24,4 zviuru mahekita) mashoma pane e2019. Kwemakore mashanu, ivo vakadzikira ne5% (ne22,1 zviuru mahekita), pamusoro pemakore gumi ne - 79,7% (ne 10 zviuru mahekita). Goho, kune rimwe divi, rave kuramba richikura uye rakawedzera pamusoro pemakore gumi apfuura kubva pa21,5 t / ha kusvika pa77,0 t / ha. Izvi zvakave zvinogoneka nekuda kwekuwedzera kwetsika yehunyanzvi hwekurima mumapurazi, kusanganisira nekuda kwekuwedzera kwekushandiswa kwemamineral fotereza.
Parizvino, vagadziri vekumba vanogadzira anopfuura makumi matanhatu marudzi efotereza. Muna 60, sekureva kweBazi rezvekurima reRussian Federation, kutengwa kwemaminerari fotereza inofungidzirwa padanho remamiriyoni mana ematani emafuta emafuta, iri 2021% kudarika gore rapfuura.
Nekudaro, kwete kugara uchiwedzera zvimwe zviri nani, sezvo paine mamiriro ekuganhurira ekushandisa kwakanaka kwefetiraiza uye ichi, chekutanga, ihwo hwakaderera acidity yevhu, iyo inoderedza zvakanyanya mwero wekutorwa kweutachiona nezvirimwa (Tafura 1) .
Tafura 1
Kudyiswa kwemuturu kunowirirana nevhu pH
pH | 4,5 | 5 | 5,5 | 6 | 6,5 |
N | 30 | 43 | 77 | 89 | 100 |
P2O5 | 23 | 31 | 48 | 52 | 100 |
K2O | 33 | 52 | 77 | 100 | 100 |
Kwayaka: Omia White bhuku
Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, kwete chete agronomic kunyatsoshanda kwefetiraiza kunorasika, asi zvakare kurasikirwa kwehupfumi. Ngativerengei, tichishandisa muenzaniso wetafura matapiri, ndezvipi zvinorasikirwa pahekita zvinotarisirwa paPH 5,5 uye pavhareji zonal dose yeN120 P100 K240.
Kukarukureta inoitwa maererano fomura:
fetiraiza mutengo | Х | fetiraiza dose | Х | (100 - kufananidzwa pane yakapihwa pH) | = | kurasikirwa mumaRubles / ha |
Nitrogen (ammonium nitrate)
Kurasikirwa mumaRubles / ha = 13000 * 0,296 * (100-77) = 885,0 rubles / ha
Phosphorus (ammophos)
Kurasikirwa mumaRubles / ha = 26450 * 0,192 * (100-48) = 2640,7 rubles / ha
Potassium (se potassium chloride)
Kurasikirwa mumaRubles / ha = 18000 * 0,4 * (100-80) = 1440 rubles / ha
Yakazara: 4965,7 rubles / ha
Mune iyo kuverenga, isu hatifunge nezve kurasikirwa nekushomeka kwe calcium chikafu paivhu rakaoma, izvo zvinoratidzwa mukushomeka kwezvirimwa uye kuora kwehunhu hwehutori: mukana mukuru wekukuvara panguva yekukohwa, kusazvibata uye kushaya basa Tubers, kutsemuka, ganda risina kusimba, nezvimwewo, asi izvi zvese zvinokanganisa mutengo wezvakapedzwa zvigadzirwa.
Pane nzira yekubuda - uku ndiko kukandwa kwevhu, iro rave kutambira kutarisisa kukuru padanho rehurumende. Matambudziko echinyakare mamayimendi anozivikanwa kune wese munhu: yakakwira kunyorera mitengo (5-10 t / ha) inoita kuti iyi nzira inetse uye inodhura, iko kushanda kwekugadzirisa uye kuenzana kwekuparadzira kwakaderera, iwo mugumo mhedzisiro inoonekwa mushure memakore maviri uye zvobva zvadzikira zvakanyanya , mhando yezvinhu zviripo zve lime zvakare zvakashata.
Chigadzirwa chitsva chakaonekwa pamusika weRussia unogona kugadzirisa dambudziko nekukurumidza uye nemazvo. Uyu ndiOmya Calcipril® - calcium fetiraiza yekudya zvinovaka muviri uye kudzoreredza ivhu mune iri nyore granular fomu. Ultra-yakanaka zvikamu nezvakakwira chiitiko zvinobudirira kutonga pH uye zvinotungamira kukurumidza kupindura kwezvirimwa. Ndega kana musanganiswa nemamwe mafetiraiza eOya Calcipril® inoiswa usati wadzvara, pakudzvara kana pane zvinomera zvinomera. Inogona kushandiswa mushure mekudyara kwechinyakare, kusati kwatanga kushanda kweiriimu, semushonga unoshanda nekukurumidza uyo unoshandura pH mumasvondo 3-4 mushure mekushandisa, uye mushure mekutanga kwechiitiko, semumiriri anotsigira.
Mazano makuru:
Mitengo yakaderera yekushandisa kubva pa250 kusvika 1000 kg / ha
Kuona kunwiswa kwakanyanya uye kushandiswa kwefetiraiza yakakosha
Neutralization yenzvimbo hombe nekuda kwenzvimbo hombe yekubata
Kuvandudza mamiriro evhu, iro porosity uye kuramba kwemvura
Kuderedza zvirimo zvine chepfu mafomu ealuminium muvhu
Nyore kushandisa neyakajairwa vaparidzi.
Nekudaro, kushandiswa kwenzira dzazvino uno dzeivhu acidity murau uye hutongi hwehutongi hwembatatisi zvinobatsira mukuwedzera kwakasimba kwezvibereko uye mhando yechigadzirwa.
Pamusoro pekodzero dzekutsvaga