Mamiriro ekukura mbatatari munharaunda yeRussian Federation anosiyaniswa nemhando dzinoonekwa. Zvinonzwisisika, mhando dzakabudirira kwazvo munyika ndidzo dzinozivikanwa nepurasitiki yakakura uye inogona kubudirira kurimwa mumatunhu akasiyana.
Anastasia Borovkova, Ph.D. sx. Sci., Musoro wePatato Dhipatimendi, ChiGerman Mbeu Mubatanidzwa
Kunyangwe paine pfungwa ichangopararira nezve kudzikira kwekushandisa mbatatisi nevagari veRussia, Rosstat anopupura kune zvinopesana Semuenzaniso, muna 1990, pamunhu kudyiwa kwemapatata kwaive 106 kg, muna 2000 - 118 kg, uye muna 2016 - 113 kg. Ndokunge, mbatatisi ichiri "chingwa chechipiri" uye zvinogara munzvimbo dzazvo zvese pamashefu ezvokudya nematafura evaRussia, uye muminda yevashandi vekumaruwa.
Sekureva kweAB Center, muna2017, mbatatisi mubhizimusi rakarimwa munzvimbo inosvika 299,9 zviuru mahekita mumatunhu masere emubatanidzwa nematunhu makumi manomwe neshanu. Ichi hachisi chiratidzo cheiyo yakakura geography yekurima? Ehe, hongu, kunyanya kana iwe ukatarisa kuti nzvimbo dziri pasi petsika dzakagoverwa sei mumakore manomwe apfuura.
Kazhinji, masimba enzvimbo dziri pasi pembatatisi kubva 2010 kusvika 2017 haina kunyanyisa: muRussia panguva ino, nzvimbo dzakadzikira ne16,2%, shanduko dzakakura dzakaitika muVolga Federal District - kubvisa 50,7%, iyo North Caucasian Federal District yamira. kudyara mbatatisi pane anopfuura 32% enzvimbo dzakamboshandiswa.
Kwete zvakanyanya, asi zvakadaro nzvimbo dziri muCentral, South, North-West neFar Eastern FD dzakadonha - na10,8; 7,0; 3,3; 2,0% zvichiteerana. Panguva imwecheteyo, maUral neSiberia FDs aenda kumberi achienzaniswa nevamwe, achiwedzera 18,6 uye 50,4% yenzvimbo iri pasi pe "chingwa chechipiri".
Iyo mbatatisi yapinda kure kumatunhu ekare uye "akaomarara" matunhu. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye kudziya kwaro, asi, kune hukuru, mumaonero angu, ichi ndicho chakanakira vafudzi: mhando dzakaonekwa dzinogona kukura zvinobudirira mumamiriro akadaro.
Mushure mezvose, basa remufudzi nderiri: kusanganisa zvese zvinhu (zvakasikwa nemusika) uye kuburitsa zvakasiyana siyana zvinowirirana nemamiriro emudunhu, izvo zvinopa kwete gohwo repamusoro chete, asi zvakare zvinosangana nezvinodiwa zvemusika zvazvino - ndiko kuti, inosiyaniswa neruvara rwakanaka rwakajeka rwe peel, kuitika kwepamusoro kwemaziso. , Kukodzera kwekuwacha uye kuchenesa, kuramba kukuvara kwemuchina uye kusviba mushure mekuchenesa, ine nguva yakareba yekuchengetedza isina kurasikirwa nehunhu.
Izvi zvinogona kusimbiswa ne data pamusoro pehuwandu hwegoho rakakura mubazi rezvekutengesa, izvo zviratidzo zvakapetwa kaviri: kubva pa3388,0 kusvika 6737,6 zviuru zvematani kubva muna 2010 kusvika 2017, kunyangwe paine kuderera kwenzvimbo dzakadyarwa.
Kuunzwa kwemidziyo yepamberi uye matekinoroji emazuva ano, kushandiswa kwemarudzi matsva kunokutendera kuti uwane goho reimwe nhanho maererano nehuwandu uye mhando.
Chinongedzo chikuru chekusimudzira kwetekinoroji yeiri kukura indasitiri, ichibatanidza simba remhando dzakashandiswa dzemiti, mamineral nefotereza, nzira dzekurwisa zvirwere nezvipukanana, ndicho chibereko chezvirimwa zvekurima.
German Seed Alliance (GSA), mumwe wevagovani veiyo ikambani yekuGerman yekuuchika nembeu SOLANA (Solana), gore rega rinopa mbatatisi yembeu kubva kuEurope kuenda kumusika weRussia, uye yave kuburitsa mbeu munyika medu kweanopfuura makore makumi maviri. Kuve nehukama hwakakura hweyedzo yekuratidzira uye kugadzirwa kwemabhizimusi muRussia yese, tinogona kutaura zvine mutsigo kuti SOLANA mhando dzinozvibata sei muvhu rakasiyana nemamiriro ekunze.
Muonde. 1 inoratidza avhareji goho ra2016-2017. Iine avhareji goho muRussia ye236 c / ha, shanu mhando pane gumi nemana dzakaratidza goho raive rakapetwa kaviri zvakapetwa sezviratidzo izvi (Labella, Red Lady, Koroleva Anna, Laperla, Lilly).
Mutungamiri wemiyedzo aive wekutanga Laperla akasiyana - 575 c / ha. Goho remimwe mhando raibvira pa385 kusvika 448 kg / ha. Kunyangwe ivo "veterans" veiyo portfolio yaZekur neRosar havarasikirwe nezvinzvimbo, kugadzirwa kwavo kwaive 396 uye 434 c / ha, zvichiteerana.
Kana goho iri riri kudiwa pamusika, saka agrarian angairima sei nehunyanzvi hwehupfumi? Maitiro akabatanidzwa akakosha pano. Iko hakuna zvakapusa zvinhu mune tekinoroji, chimwe nechimwe chazvo chinoita mupiro waro wega ku "piggy bank" yekukohwa uye, pakupedzisira, purofiti.
Sekureva kwemutungamiriri weDhipatimendi Rekukura Kwezvirimwa, Mashini, Kemikari uye Kudzivirirwa Kwezvirimwa kubazi rezvekurima reRussia Federation P.A. Chekmarev, iro basa rezvakasiyana uye zvemhando yepamusoro mbeu zvinhu zvakanaka, mupiro waro kune goho unofungidzirwa kusvika 20%.
Muna 2017, mugove wekugadzirwa kwezvirimwa kubva mukushandiswa kwembeu dzemhando nyowani waive makumi matanhatu nemakumi matatu emabhiriyoni emaRubles (603%). Zvimwe zvinhu hazvina kukosha zvakanyanya
Iyo yakazara yakaoma yezvinhu uye chiyero chemupiro wavo kumhedzisiro mhedzisiro - goho - inogona kuteverwa muFig. 2, iyo inoratidza huwandu hwezvibereko zveSOLANA mbatatisi mhando dzakaedzwa mumatunhu aya muna 2017.
Mwaka wa2017 wakaratidza kuve wakaoma uye mumatunhu mazhinji kwakaratidzirwa nechirimo chakareba chinotonhora, izvo zvakakonzera kunonoka kudyara uye mbesa refu. Zhizha harinawo kusiyaniswa nemamiriro ekunze akanaka; hunyoro hwakawandisa patembiricha refu pasi pemamiriro ekunze akasiya mucherechedzo pakuumbwa kwechirimwa.
Kuchenesa munzvimbo zhinji dzenyika kwaive kwakaomeswa nekugara kuchinaya mvura. Panguva imwecheteyo, kumatunhu ari vatungamiriri maererano nenzvimbo dziri pasi pembatatisi - Bryansk, Nizhny Novgorod, Tula, Sverdlovsk matunhu - goho repamusoro rakawanikwa: 625 c / ha, 528 c / ha, 530 c / ha, 525 c / ha. Mapurazi mumatunhu aya, vachishandisa hunyanzvi hwetekinoroji uye matekinoroji, vachishanda zvine mutsindo nefetiraiza uye zvigadzirwa zvekuchengetedza zvirimwa, vakakwanisa kunyatsoona kugona kwemarudzi. Chibereko chakakura cheyero yedu yekuyera - 646 c / ha - chakawanikwa muRepublic yeIngushetia, uko varimi vaishandisa nenzira dzakasiyana nzira dzekurima, vachiteerera kurudziro yevafudzi uye nekubatanidza zvese zvetekinoroji kuita imwechete.
Kubva 400 kusvika 500 c / ha yakawanikwa muMoscow, Tambov, Voronezh, Orel, Kursk, Chelyabinsk, Rostov matunhu. Kubva 300 kusvika 400 c / ha - muKurgan, Pskov, Belgorod, Ulyanovsk matunhu, maRepublics eTatarstan, Udmurtia, Bhashkortostan, Stavropol Territory.
Chibereko chematapiri anotengeswa muna 2017 paavhareji muRussia chaive 236 c / ha. Izvo zvakakwana here kuti purazi riite purofiti? Sekuverenga kunoita kuverenga (Tafura 1), kana uchishandisa michina yemhando yepamusoro uye matekinoroji ekugadzira matapiri pane imwe nzvimbo inosvika mahekita zana (mahekita makumi mapfumbamwe ematapiri anotengeswa uye mahekita gumi emunda wembeu), kudzorerwa kweprojekti mukati memakore mashanu kunoitika nezvibereko mbatatisi inotengeswa 500 c / ha, kuderera kwezvibereko ne50 chete cc inowedzera nguva yekubhadhara kusvika makore manomwe. Ivhareji goho muRussia Federation inotyisidzira varimi nekurasikirwa kwakakura.
Ndichirangarira zvakare nezve mushandirapamwe wakaoma, ndinoda kupedzisa nekotesheni kubva kumudzidzi akachenjera Halford E. Luccock: “Hapana anogona kuridza mumhanzi uri wega. Izvi zvinoda orchestra yese "... Uye ndeipi violin ichave inotungamira mune ino orchestra iri kwauri.