Ngatikure miriwo yakawanda munzvimbo yakazaruka - ine motto yakadaro gore rino, inenge nharaunda yese yeRussia inosvika nguva yekudyara. Zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu aya, vanotengesa mbeu vanoona here kudiwa kwechimbichimbi kwezvigadzirwa zvavo?
Ndeapi marudzi nemahybrids anonyanya kufarirwa nevarimi? Pane chero matambudziko nemidziyo pasi pezvirango uye ndedzipi shanduko mumusika dzinofanirwa kutarisirwa munguva pfupi iri kutevera?
Tiri kutaura pamusoro peizvi zvose naEvgeny Medvedev, Mutungamiri Mukuru we PRESTIGE AGRO LLC.
PRESTIGE AGRO LLC yanga ichitengesa mbeu kubva kunzvimbo dzakanakisa dzekuEurope neRussia dzekuberekesa kweanopfuura makore makumi maviri.
- Evgeny Vladimirovich, tingati here kambani yako yakatengesa mbeu dzemiriwo gore rino? Pachava nemiriwo yakawanda mukudonha here?
- Izvo zvese zvinoenderana nekuti ripi gore raunoda kuenzanisa naro. Kana tikaenzanisa mavhoriyamu ekutengesa emwaka uno uye wekupedzisira, saka pane zvechokwadi kuwedzera, uye inokosha. Asi maererano nemanzwiro angu, 2021 ndiro gore iro kuderedzwa kwenharaunda pasi peboka remiriwo rakasvika pakukwirira kwayo mumakore gumi apfuura. Ndiko kuti, chokwadi chekuti miriwo yakawanda ichasimwa ikozvino kupfuura gore rapfuura haivimbisi kuti tichawana yakawedzera kugadzirwa mukuwa.
- Chii chakakonzera kudzikiswa kwenzvimbo muna 2021?
- Ichi ndicho chikonzero chekuchinja kwakaitika mumusika mumakore apfuura 10-15 makore.
Ndinofunga kuti vanhu vazhinji vanorangarira kuti izvo zvakakosha zvekutengesa zvigadzirwa zvekurima zvakatanga sei kushanduka muRussia kubva pakutanga kwe2000s. Mumakore iwayo, maketani ezvitoro akanga achishingaira kukura, uye zvinhu kubva kumisika zvishoma nezvishoma zvakatamira kune zvitoro zvemaketani. Anenge muna 2010, shanduko yakauya apo maketani ezvitoro akatanga kuita basa guru kudarika misika mukutengesa kwese kwemiriwo yeboka re borscht. Munguva iyi, zvivako zvakakura zvakatanga kuratidza kufarira kurima miriwo uye mbatatisi. Agroholdings inokurumidza kumisikidza kugadzirwa, ichiri kutora niche yemapurazi ari pakati nepakati. Asi ipapo bhizinesi hombe rekurima rakaenda nenzira yaro, mazhinji acho akasiyana kugadzirwa: mumwe munhu aitarisa pakukura zviwanikwa zvemachipisi kana fries, mumwe munhu akachinja kuita zviyo kana zvimwe zvirimwa. Kubva 2017, takaona kurasikirwa kwepagore kwenzvimbo muboka re borscht. Rega ndikupe muenzaniso chaiwo: pakati pevatengi vedu pane kambani hombe inoshanda mukugadzira mbatatisi nemakarotsi. Pamusoro pekufarira miriwo, vakarima karoti munzvimbo ye380 mahekita, asi kubva 2017 ivo vakaderedza zvishoma nezvishoma mavhoriyamu. Gore rakapera vakagovera mahekita makumi manomwe emakaroti, mutsauko unopfuura kashanu!
- Uye iyi ndiyo mamiriro emiti yose yemiriwo ye borscht set?
- Kumwero mukuru izvi zvinoshanda kumidzi yezvirimwa. Takaparadzana, ndaingosarudza makabheji chete. Agroholdings yakanga yakagadzirira kushanda nembatatisi, karoti, beet, muzviitiko zvisingawanzoitiki, hanyanisi - ndiko kuti, izvo zvirimwa zvakakodzera kukohwa mechanized. Vashoma vavo vakatanga kurima makabheji. Nekuda kweizvozvo, vanhu vashoma vanochigadzira zvachose, uye iko zvino chirimwa ichi ndicho chakanyanya kushomeka pamusika, uye mitengo yacho iri kukura nekukurumidza.
“Gore rino rakaomera zvikuru vanotengesa mbeu. Varimi vanoona kushomeka kwemamwe mahybrids pamusika. Ndezvipi zvikonzero zvekushomeka?
- Paive nematambudziko zvechokwadi nekupihwa kwemamwe mahybrids, uye mune dzimwe nguva taifanira kusarudza dzimwe sarudzo dzekutsiva. Chimwe chezvikonzero zvikuru zvekushomeka idenda. Muna 2020, pamusoro pekuvhunduka, makambani makuru eEurope akavhara chikamu chenzvimbo dzembeu. Sezvaunoziva, kugadzirwa kwembeu yezvirimwa zvakawanda kunotora makore maviri, mugore rekutanga mai vanokura, mugore rechipiri mbeu inooneka. Muna 2021, mbeu shoma dzakakohwewa, uye izvi zvakakonzera matambudziko. Ndinotarisira kuti gore rinotevera mavhoriyamu ekugadzira achadzorerwa, zhizha rapfuura nzvimbo dzekudyara mbeu dzaive dzatonyanya kushanda.
Kana tichitaura nezvemamiriro ezvinhu pamusika wembeu munyika yose, zvino gore rino dambudziko rekushaikwa kwembeu yekaroti rave rakanyanyisa. Panenge gore rapfuura, Rosselkhoznadzor yakaunza mamwe macheki emabhechi embeu dzekaroti kubva kunze kwenyika nekuda kwekuvapo kwebhakitiriya Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum (inokonzera chirwere cheZebra chip). Somugumisiro, chikamu chekugadzirwa hachina kupinda mumusika weRussia, izvo zvakawedzera kushayikwa kwemamiriro ezvinhu. Mamiriro ezvinhu aya haana kukanganisa kambani yedu zvakananga, asi vatengi vatsva vakauya kwatiri vasina kukwanisa kutenga mbeu kubva kune vamwe vatengesi.
Zvechokwadi, hapana wevatengi vedu vatsva kana venguva dzose vakasara vasina kudyara zvinhu, asi mwaka - tichifunga nezvese pamusoro apa, pamwe nekutsvedza kwekugadzirisa uye kubhadhara - kwakanga kusiri nyore.
– Vatengi havana kutya nemitengo mitsva yembeu? Ndinofunga iwe wakamanikidzwa kukwidza mutengo wezvigadzirwa nekuda kwekusvetuka mumitengo yekuchinjana?
Mitengo yakasimudzwa, asi yakatodzikiswa. Tave tichishanda nevatengi kwemakore, hapana chido chekuita mari pavari. Hongu, takanga tine zvekushandisa zvakakwira pamusoro pekukwira kwemitengo yekuchinjana, uye takamanikidzwa kutengesa mijenya iyi inodhura zvakanyanya. Asi idzo mbeu dzakaunzwa kuRussia pamberi paFebruary 24, takatengesa pasina imwe mari.
Parizvino, mune yedu assortment pachine zvigaro zvinodhura - kubva pakati peavo vakauya kwatiri kutanga kwaMarch. Asi kana iwe ukaratidza "avhareji yekushisa muchipatara", kuchinja kwemitengo hakuna basa.
Panguva imwecheteyo, pane kunzwisisa kuti gore rinouya ivo vachakura zvisingadzivisiki. Ngatitangei nechokwadi chokuti inflation iri kukurumidza kwete muRussia chete, asiwo muEurope. Kwemakore akawanda, inflation munyika dzeEurope yakaramba iri pamwero we1-2%. Mazhinji makambani aikwidza mitengo makore maviri ega ega, ne2% imwe chete, uye kune vatengesi vedu mutsauko waisaonekwa. Zvino, maererano nedatha yepamutemo, inflation munharaunda yeEuro inosvika 12%, uye hazvizogoneke kusateerera kune imwezve mutero.
Chechipiri, logistics iri kuwedzera kudhura. Semuenzaniso, musati mari yekuendesa kutakura nemotokari kubva kuFrance kana Holland yakanga iri mukati mehuwandu hwe3,5-4 zviuru zveeuro, ikozvino inenge 8-9 zviuru zveeuro. Kune mbeu, kusiyana nembatatisi, mafetiraiza nemimwe mitoro inorema, ichi hachisi chikamu chakakosha chemutengo wechigadzirwa chekupedzisira, asi chinofanirawo kuverengerwa.
Uye iyi ingori chidimbu chechando. Ndeapi matambudziko atichasangana nawo pakutanga kwemwaka mutsva wekutengesa, munhu anogona kungofungidzira.
- Unogona here kuratidza chero shanduko mune zvaunofarira vatengi mwaka uno? Ndakanzwa, semuenzaniso, kuti network yekutengesa X5 yakakurudzira kuti varimi vezvekurima vatarise zvakanyanya kurima kwemhando dzekaroti dzakaumbwa necone.
-Maitiro makuru emusika weRussia mumakore achangopfuura: kurerutsa uye kuwedzera. Mapurazi anoyedza kuwana yakanyanya mechanization yemaitiro, kuderedza huwandu hwevashandi. Zvigadzirwa zvekurima zvinoshandisa michina inoshanda zvikuru, makaroti mamwe chete (kusanganisira inozvifambisa, mitsetse miviri kana mitatu), zvisinei, michina iyi inowanzofambiswa nevanhu vasina kudzidziswa. Kuchenesa kunokurumidza uye kwakaoma. Zvese izvi zvinomanikidza varimi kuti vape kukoshesa kurimwa kwe shantane-mhando makarotsi (kungoita conical chimiro), haina kuzviisa pasi pekunetseka kwakanyanya kwemagetsi, asi iyi haisiyo yakanyanya kunaka sarudzo maererano nekuravira, pasherufu hupenyu, uye goho.
Tinogona kupa vatengi mahybrids anovimbisa goho repamusoro (ne30-40%), asi nekukohwa kwakadai, kurasikirwa kunenge kwakafanana 30-40%. Izvo zvakapihwa isu tinogara mazviri, ndosaka mhando dzemhando ye shantane dziri kukura mukuzivikanwa gore rega.
Imwe nzira yakasiyana ye shantane ndiyo yakasiyana-siyana yerudzi kuroda, kurasikirwa panguva yekukohwa kwakaoma kwakangokwira zvishoma, asi goho, mararamiro esherufu uye kukodzera kwekugeza zviri nani zvikuru.
Kudiwa kwemamwe marudzi kwakaumbwa mumakore apfuura. Makaroti ekutanga akagadzirwa neRussia anosvika pamasherufu ezvitoro kubva kumaodzanyemba kwenyika. Munzvimbo idzi, nekuda kwevhu uye mamiriro ekunze, imhando ye shantane inonyanya kukodzera kurima, saka musika unojaira uye "unowedzera" pamwe ne shantane. Asi makarotsi aya haachengete zvakanaka. Mushure meGore Idzva, pane shanduko yakadaro apo musika unotamira kuKuroda neNantes marudzi. Uyezve, iyo yekupedzisira mumaketani ezvitoro inorondedzerwa seprimiyamu. Sezvo mutemo, nzvimbo dzakanakisa pasherufu yemiriwo yesupermarket dzakachengeterwa chero makaroti akakura uye anokohwewa nemaoko mudunhu reNorth-West (sekutonga, iyi inharaunda yeNovgorod, peat bogs), kana yeIsrael yakashambwa. Muzviitiko zvese izvi, tiri kutaura nezve Nantes mhando dzakasiyana.
Kana zviri zvimwe zvirimwa, zvese zvakajairwa ipapo: vanhu vanoda kuti zvirimwa zvirware zvishoma, zvipe goho rakapfuma, uye zvigadzirwa zvinochengetwa zviri nani.
- Zvino zvakawanda zvinotaurwa pamusoro pekudiwa kwekuvandudza kusarudzwa kwemumba. Zvichida dzimwe nzvimbo dzeEurope dzaunopa kune vatengi nhasi dzinogona kutsiviwa neRussia?
- Ndingafara kwazvo nekubudirira kwesarudzo yemumba. Vapfuri vane tarenda kwazvo vanoshanda muRussia, vanowana mhedzisiro yakanaka. Kune zvirimwa umo Russia inogona kutokwikwidzana neEurope zvakaenzana, asi haisi iyo yakakosha pakuchengetedza chikafu. Ndinogona kudoma mhando dzakanakisa dzedhiri, magaka; kufambira mberi kuri kuitwa panyaya yembatatisi, uye basa riri kuitwa pamakabheji. Asi inenge huwandu hwese hwemimwe miriwo inosanganisirwa muboka re borscht inorimwa munyika yedu kubva kumbeu dzinotengeswa kunze kwenyika.
Kubva pakuona kwehunyanzvi, zvinoshamisa kuparadzanisa marudzi nemahybrids ezvirimwa nenyika. Kune mashoma mashoma makambani makuru ekuberekesa munyika, ese anoshanda munzvimbo yemakondinendi akasiyana uye anenge akasungirirwa kune imwe nyika. Vese vane nhoroondo refu (nezvisingawanzo kunze, mazana emakore ekare), ndiko kuti, kushanda pakusikwa kwemamwe marudzi uye mahybrids zvave zvichiitika kwemakumi emakore. Mari yakawanda iri kuiswa, pfungwa dzakanaka dziri kukwezvwa. Pane makwikwi anotyisa pakati penzvimbo dzekuberekesa idzi, nekudaro, vatengi vanogashira budiriro dzakanakisa dzekupfuya kwemazuva ano.
Mune assortment yekambani yedu, semuenzaniso, kune mazana emarudzi eEurope uye mahybrids emakaroti, asi chete 10-15 zvinhu zviri kudiwa. Sezvo mutemo, idzi nzvimbo dzinodhura zvikuru, nei varimi vekurima vachida kutakura mari yakadaro?
Ngatitorei mhando yekaroti ine mamiriro, iyo yakagadzirwa makore akati wandei apfuura, uye yemazuva ano inoshanda yakasanganiswa yechirimwa chimwe chete. Pakati pavo uye mari isati yasvetukira pakanga paine musiyano wakanyanya mumutengo, kashanu kusvika kagumi.
Mbeu dzevarietal karoti pa1 ha inodhura pakati pe10-12 zviuru zveRubles, uye mbeu dzakasanganiswa - kubva kukambani imwe chete yekugadzira - yatova zviuru makumi masere zveRubles. Asi goho richasiyanawo nematani makumi maviri / ha, uye matani makumi maviri atova anenge 80 zviuru rubles. Ngatimbofungidzira kuti mitengo yembeu yakawedzera ne20%, kureva, panzvimbo ye20 zviuru zveRubles. mugadziri wekurima achafanira kushandisa 300 rubles, asi kunyange munyaya iyi achakunda. Uye taingofunga nezvemutengo wembeu chete uye taifungidzira kuti goho racho raizotengeswa zvakananga kubva kumunda. Asi pane zvimwe zvinhu: semuenzaniso, kana murimi akatenga musanganiswa unoshingirira kuzvirwere, anochengetedza zvinhu zvinodzivirira zvirimwa. Pamusoro pezvo, hybrid yakanaka yemazuva ano inowanzova nehupenyu hwakareba kupfuura huwandu hwakasiyana.
Basa guru remurimi wekurima nderekuita mari, saka ari kutsvaga mbeu dzinomubvumira kuita izvi.
- Chii, mukufunga kwako, chinotadzisa kugadzirwa kwemhando dzakasanganiswa muRussia?
"Zvinhu zvitatu chete. Kutanga, panguva ino isu hatina imwe (sezvandinoziva) yakachena nzvimbo inokura mbeu munyika yedu (kwete chaizvo, asi pamwero wemutemo). Asi nyaya iyi yakagadziriswa zvachose.
Yechipiri yakanyanya kuoma: muRussia, nekuda kwezvakasiyana zvemamiriro ekunze, hapana nzvimbo dzakawanda kwaunogona kugadzira mbeu yemiriwo. Zvechokwadi, basa iri rinogona kuitwa kunyange pakati peMoscow - mune greenhouse, sezvinoitwa neTimiryazev Academy, asi mari yembeu yakadaro ichave yakakwirira kwazvo, kakawanda yakakwirira kudarika yeDutch kana French. Tinoda nzvimbo dzakakosha uko zvinokwanisika kurima mbeu muvhu rakavhurika. Kune dzimwe tsika (zvinosuruvarisa, kwete zvevose!) Kune nzvimbo dzakadaro. Semuenzaniso, mumakore eSoviet, mbeu dzekabichi dzakabudirira kuwanikwa muDagestan. Iwe unogona kuedza kumutsidzira kugadzira, asi izvi zvinoda nyanzvi, mari yakawanda uye nguva. Panguva imwecheteyo, pasi rese, mhodzi dzekabhichi dzinorimwa nekuraira kwevapfuri munzvimbo dzakakosha panenge. Tasmania, muChile neArgentina, nzira iyi haidyi nguva yakawanda uye inodhura.
Uye chechitatu, chikuru. Sarudzo inotora makore.
Pane imwe nguva vakandipa tsananguro iyi: “Fungidzira kuti ndiri mupfuri uye ndine hurongwa hwebasa hwakajeka hwezuva riri rose pasina kodzero yokukanganisa. Asi ndine mhando dzemiti yemusango chete yandiinayo. Zvinotora makore makumi mana kugadzira hybrid yemazuva ano. " Uye ichokwadi. Nomuzvarirwo, hapana anoshanda seizvi izvozvi, vapfuri vanoyambuka mitsara yemazuva ano, asi kunyangwe kana masayendisiti aine mitsara yakagadziridzwa pavari, kubva iyo yakanaka yakasanganiswa ichabuda, mhedzisiro ichaonekwa isati yapfuura mumakore 40-6.
Uye iyi ingori sarudzo, pasina makore maviri ekuwedzera ekunyoresa uye kugadzira mbeu.
Ndinodzokorora, kune vapfumi vakasimba kwazvo muRussia, vane zvavakawana, asi kunyangwe vakatanga kuisa mari mune iyi nzira ikozvino, mutengi haagamuchire iyo yakasanganiswa yaanoda mumwaka unotevera, uye mugore, uye kunyangwe shanu.
- Chii chatinofanira kugadzirira mune ramangwana?
- Nyika icharamba ichiwedzera nzvimbo yekurima miriwo yeboka re borscht, kunyangwe zvichizotora mamwe makore matatu kusvika pachiyero chegore repamusoro re2017. Musika haugone kupora mumwaka mumwe kana miviri. Uye tichaedza kupa varimi vekurima mbeu dzemhando yepamusoro, uye isu tiri kutoedza nepose patinogona napo kuita izvi.
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