Association «Soyuzstarch» yakaratidza iyo indasitiri mibairo ye2022. Indasitiri yekugadzira zviyo inoramba ichikura zvishoma nezvishoma asi zvishoma nezvishoma. Muna 2022, kugadzirwa kweakagadziridzwa masita uye maltodextrin kwakawedzera zvakanyanya - kutsiva kunze kwenyika kuri kuitika muzvikamu zvechigadzirwa. Muna 2022, nekuda kwekuwedzera kwemitengo yezvinhu, kunetsa kwekutengeserana kwemari uye kudzikamiswa kwezvinhu, zvese zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika uye kunze kwenyika zvinoverengeka zvezvigadzirwa kubva muindasitiri yezviyo zvakadzika zvekugadzira zvakadzikira zvakanyanya. Zviremera zvehurumende zvakagadzira nzira dzakasiyana dzekutsigira indasitiri; matanho ekutsigira atovepo uye ari kushandiswa nemakambani.
Iyo Association of Advanced Grain Processing Enterprises inosimbisa akati wandei ezviitiko zvakakosha muindasitiri muna 2022. Gore rapfuura, makambani akatarisana nematambudziko matsva: kumisikidza macheni matsva emidziyo, zvikamu, ma enzymes uye reagents. Zvakare, makambani ari muindastiri akaedza kuwedzera huwandu, kuwedzera zvigadzirwa, uye kutsiva mamwe mapoka ekunze. Pakazara, 2022 yakapera iine yakanaka dynamics yeindasitiri.
Indasitiri yeRussia yakadzika yekugadzira zviyo inogadzira anenge 2,5 miriyoni matani ezviyo uye inogadzira anenge miriyoni matani ezvigadzirwa zvakapedzwa. Iyi indasitiri muRussia inoramba iri niche, asi ine mukana wese wekusimudzira, kutanga mabhizinesi matsva, mitsetse yekugadzira uye kupinda mumisika mitsva yekunze. Mapurojekiti makuru akati wandei ari kugadzirwa.
Indasitiri yekugadzira zviyo zvakadzika inotsigirwa nehurumende. Semuenzaniso, vanogadzira sitachi vanopihwa zvikwereti zvekudyara pavanenge vachigadzira kana kugadzirisa mabhizinesi emazuva ano uye zvikwereti zvakasarudzwa zvekutenga zvigadzirwa zvekuzotevera kugadzirisa. Panewo chiyero chekudzorera mari yezvigadzirwa kana uchitumira kunze zvigadzirwa, kudzorerwa kwemitengo apo makambani anotora chikamu muzviitiko zvekuratidzira uye mamwe matanho ekutsigira.
Zvitsva zvitsva zve Federal Law "On Grain" zvakatanga kushanda, maererano neiyo FSIS "Grain" yakagadzirwa. Muna 2022, kushuma muhurongwa hwema processor kwaive kwekuzvidira, asi anenge ese makambani ari muindasitiri akatanga kushanda muchirongwa chekutevera. Kubva munaKurume 1, 2023, kupihwa kweruzivo pamusoro pezvigadzirwa zvekugadzira zviyo kuhurongwa hwave hwekusungirwa.
Tichifunga nezvezviyero zverutsigiro rwehurumende, mumakore achangopfuura indasitiri yakaratidza kukura kwakakura muhuwandu hwezvigadzirwa zvinogadzirwa (Tafura 1), uye nekudaro pane kuderera kwakarongeka kwekutsamira kune kunze kwenyika kwehuwandu hwezvigadzirwa zvine kukosha kwakawedzera (Tafura 2). Tafura 3), kuwedzera kwemutsara wechigadzirwa, uye zvakare mukana wekupinda mumisika mitsva yepasi rose (Tafura XNUMX).
Maitiro eiyo indasitiri gore negore anoratidza kukura kunononoka asi kwakadzikama. Maererano nekufungidzira kweRosstat uye Association, muna 2022 tinoona kuwedzera kukuru (39%) mukugadzirwa kwemashizha akagadziridzwa, izvo zvinokonzerwa nekudiwa kwekutsiva maanalogues anotengeswa kunze kwenyika uye shanduko yevatengi kune zvigadzirwa zvepamba - gore rino kugadzirwa kwakasiyana-siyana. marudzi echikafu ekugadzirisa starch akasvika 94 tons.
Kugadzirwa kweamino acid lysine, iyo inogadzirwa muRussia nemabhizinesi maviri, yakawedzera ne22% pagore. Muna 2022, kugadzirwa kwemukati L-lysine sulfate kwakasvika 142 matani.
Zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvine starch zvakaratidza kukura kwe1% kusvika 10% (Tafura 1). Kugadzirwa kwe dextrins kwakadzikira ne72%, asi chigadzirwa ichi chine chikamu chidiki muindasitiri.
Tafura 1 - Kugadzirwa kwe starch uye starch zvigadzirwa, matani
2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | Dynamics 2022 kusvika 2021,% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Starches, kunze kwekugadziriswa (yekuzvarwa) | 294 654 | 324 914 | 354 032 | 374 812 | 6 |
Dextrins | 8 165 | 9 526 | 10 5324 | 2 939 | -72 |
Modified starches | 58 804 | 61 103 | 68 006 | 94 355 | 39 |
Glucose-fructose syrups | 152 504 | 200 625 | 260 002 | 278 190 | 7 |
Maltodextrin | 19 131 | 20 073 | 49 773 | 54 960 | 10 |
Starch syrup (glucose syrups) | 466 648 | 467 235 | 476 940 | 494 103 | 1 |
Lysine | 80 000 | 90 000 | 117 000 | 142 729 | 22 |
Sekureva kweFederal Customs Service, kutengeswa kunze kwenyika starch uye zvinobva pairi kwadzikira gore rino kune zvakawanda zvakakura zvigadzirwa. Kusarudzika kwaive lysine mumhando mbiri (sulfate uye monohydrochloride), iyo inotengeswa kunze iyo yakawedzera ne37%, iyo yakafambiswa ne zeroing yemitero yekunze (Table 2).
Kuderera kukuru muna 2022 kusvika 2021 kwakaitika muchikamu che starch syrup (glucose syrups) - 109 nguva. Kutengeswa kwe maltodextrin kwakaderera ne 71%, kutengeswa kwe dextrins kwakaderera ne59%, kuchinjwa starches ne 46%, starches yekuzvarwa inotengeswa ne24% uye glucose-fructose syrups ne4%, zvichienderana, zvishoma.
Tafura 2 - Kupinza kwe starch uye starch zvigadzirwa, matani
2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | Dynamics 2022 kusvika 2021,% | |
Starches, kunze kwekugadziriswa (yekuzvarwa) | 22 363 | 24 574 | 40 225 | 32 341 | -24 |
Modified starches | 95 958 | 94 656 | 103 541 | 71 076 | -46 |
Glucose-fructose syrups | 422 | 257 | 5 467 | 5 261 | -4 |
Dextrins | 1 079 | 889 | 1 489 | 938 | -59 |
Maltodextrin | 14 625 | 10 038 | 5 740 | 3 359 | -71 |
Starch syrup (glucose syrups) | 4 082 | 794 | 8 320 | 76 | -10 847 |
Lysine | 60 834 | 53 352 | 43 130 | 68 783 | 37 |
Kutengeswa kunze kwenyika kwemhando yepamusoro-yakawedzerwa zvigadzirwa muna 2022 zvakare kwakadzikira zvakanyanya kune zvakakosha zvigadzirwa, nekuda kwekugovewa patsva kwemusika uye kutsiva kudiwa mumusika wepamba.
Kuderera kukuru kwekutengesa kunze kwenyika ne542% kunoonekwa mukutengeswa kwelysine - zviuru zvi7 muna 442. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekurambidzwa kwekutengesa kunze kwe lysine kunze kweRussia, iyo yakagara kusvika pakupera kwa2022.
Mune mamwe mapoka, kuderera kukuru muna 2022 zvichienzaniswa ne2021 kwakaitika muglucose-fructose syrups, iyo 273% zvishoma yakatengeswa kunze kwenyika - 394 matani. Kune 226% shoma sirasi yesitashi - 7 matani, 442% shoma yakagadziridzwa masitashi, 61% mashoma maltodextrin. Kutengeswa kunze kwe dextrins kwakawedzera ne8% (Tafura 90).
Musika wekutengesa kunze kwenyika wezvigadzirwa zvezvigadzirwa wakasiyana zvakanyanya. Panguva imwecheteyo, kutengeswa kunze kwenyika kwezvigadzirwa zvakagadziridzwa zvakanyanya kunowedzera kutarisana nenyika dzeMiddle East, Africa neSouth America. Glucose syrups muchimiro chemvura inotumirwa kuTurkmenistan neUzbekistan. Iyo huru vhoriyamu yeglucose syrups mune yakaoma fomu inotumirwa kuRebhanoni neJoridhani. Misika yekutengesa yeMaltodextrin inosanganisira nyika dzinopfuura makumi mana, kusanganisira Cote d'Ivoire, South Africa, UAE, Chile, Egypt, Colombia, Ghana, Turkey, Dominican Republic. Cationic modified starches inoenda kuMongolia, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, neTajikistan. Mashizha akachinjwa, anoshandiswa mukugadzira makadhibhokisi ane marata uye mukugadzirwa kweoiri, anotumirwa kuIraq, Georgia, Uzbekistan, Turkey, Tajikistan, neTurkmenistan.
Tafura 3 - Kutengeswa kunze kwe starch uye starch zvigadzirwa, matani
2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | Dynamics 2022 kusvika 2021,% | |
Starches, kunze kwekugadziriswa (yekuzvarwa) | 29 279 | 26 257 | 48 814 | 38 366 | -27 |
Modified starches | 7 151 | 7 484 | 8 142 | 5 072 | -61 |
Glucose-fructose syrups | 852 | 334 | 1 470 | 394 | -273 |
Dextrins | 461 | 461 | 166 | 1 705 | 90 |
Maltodextrin | 981 | 1235 | 13 536 | 12 577 | -8 |
Starch syrup (glucose syrups) | 19 834 | 33 764 | 24 250 | 7 442 | -226 |
Lysine | 1 652 | 736 | 616 | 96 | -542 |
Nhasi, mhando huru dzezvigadzirwa zvekugadzirwa kwezviyo starch muRussia zvinowanzosara chibage negorosi. Zvakare, chikamu chechibage chine starch chinotora chikamu chikuru muhuwandu hwekushandisa, zvese munyama uye nemari.
Kugadzirwa kwechibage starch kwakawedzera zvichienzaniswa negore rapfuura, nematani 2022 akagadzirwa muna 316. Kutengeswa kunze kwenyika kwakasvika matani 599, uye kunze kwenyika kwakasvika matani 5. Corn starch inopihwa kuColombia, Cote D'Ivoire, Ecuador nedzimwe nyika (Diagiramu 262).
Mufananidzo 1 - Corn starch, matani
Kugadzirwa kwesitashi kwembatatisi kwakaramba kuri padanho rimwe chete - 11 matani muna 131 kupesana ne2022 matani muna 11. Kutengeswa kwembatatisi starch kwakadzikira zvishoma - kusvika matani gumi nemazana mashanu muna 483 zvichienzaniswa nezviuru mazana mana nemakumi masere ezviuru muna 2021. Kutengeswa kunze kwakaderera zvakanyanya - kusvika ku10500 matani pagore (Dhiagiramu 2021).
Mufananidzo 3 - Mbatatisi starch, matani