Verenga pamusoro pavamwari vembatatisi uye nevanhu vayo vePR, kuti miriwo yekukunze yakagamuchirwa sei muEurope uye kuti varindi vane zvombo vakabatsira sei pakupararira kwechirimwa ichi, kuverenga mu "Nhoroondo yeSainzi" chikamu.
Mbatata inozivikanwa inozivikanwa inotangira kuSouth America Andes, uko kwairimwa makore zviuru zvisere apfuura. Munguva ino, varimi vemuno vakagadzira dzinosvika mazana maviri emhando yezvirimwa, mazhinji acho aine ruvara rwakajeka kana chimiro chisina kujairika chetuber, uye zvakare akaita dziviriro kuzvirwere, zvipembenene nechando.
Kune vanhu veAndes, mbatatisi, dzavaigona kukura munzvimbo dzakaomarara dzemakomo uye kuchengetera kwenguva yakareba kuitira kana chirimwa chikatadza (nekuomesa kana kudziya), chaive chakakosha. Hazvishamise kuti aivewo neake mwari muInca vanamwari - Aksomama, mumwe wevanasikana vemwarikadzi wepasi, Pachamama.
Tsananguro dzembatatisi uye zvimwe zvirimwa izvo maIndia aishandisa anowanikwa mune vamwe veSpanish - avo avo vaiita kwete kwete chete mumauto ehondo, asiwo mukudzidza kwehupenyu hwevagari vemo. Zvinyorwa zvakadaro zvakasiyiwa naGonzalo Jimenez de Quesada, mutongi weNew Grenada (Colombia), pamwe nemufananidzo waDon Quixote, mupirisita uye mudetembi Juan de Castellanos, akadzidza vanhu veSouth America uye akatsanangura mbatatisi munhetembo yake nezvekukunda kwenzvimbo yeColombia neVenezuela.
Iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa ndiyo tsananguro yemuti wakagadzirwa naPedro Cieza de Leon - muongorori weSouth America, akatsanangura nhoroondo yekukunda kwayo. Iye pachake akatora chikamu mumishandirapamwe, akapfuura nharaunda dzenyika dzinoverengeka nevanokunda. Pamusoro pembatatisi, akataura nezvema avocado nemapainapple, alpaca, anaconda, sloths, uye possums. Akaona maNazca geoglyphs, mabhiriji ekumisa uye zviratidzo paInca Roads. Chikamu chekutanga chebasa rake rakakura, Chronicle yePeru, rakaburitswa muSeville muna 1553, mamwe ese atova muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX. De Leon anoonekwa kunge ndiye wekutanga kuunza mbatatisi kuEurope.
Nekudaro, kungounza tubers kukondinendi kwanga kusina kukwana. Kana chirimwa ichi chichiri kungosiiwa kune inotonhora mamiriro ekunze (chakange chakura mumakomo, uye kutanga kwekutanga kwematsutso raisave dambudziko hombe), saka zuva rezhizha rakareba rakadzora goho rembatatisi. Iko hakuna kubvumirana kuti dambudziko iri rakagadziriswa sei. Iyo yemazuva mazhinji-inoshivirira dzakasiyana inogona kunge yakashanduka kubva pambeu yekuparadzira matapiri. Kune rimwe divi, imwe ngarava ingadai yakangounza imwe mhando yembatatisi - kubva kumaodzanyemba kweChile.
Kubuda kwembatatisi muEngland neIreland, munhoroondo yaro yakaita basa rakaoma, zvine chekuita nezita renyanzvi yeBritish yemasvomhu, wezvemuchadenga uye muturikiri Thomas Harriott. Akaenda kuNorth America, akadzidza mutauro werimwe remadzinza emuno, mwedzi mishoma gare gare Galileo akadhirowa mwedzi sezvaakauona kuburikidza neteresikopu, yaienderana naJohannes Kepler uye akataura nezvezviratidzo zvemasvomhu <and> kuratidza pfungwa "shoma" uye "zvimwe". Iyo mbatatisi yakaunzwa naye yakadzika midzi muIreland, uko kwavakapa goho rakanaka uye vakave rutsigiro rwevarombo venyika. Asi chokwadi chekuti chetatu chevaIrish vaivimba nembatatisi seimwe yezvinhu zvavo zvikuru zvekudya chakange chave nedambudziko (Harriot aisatombozviona): chirwere chimwe chemuti - chakanonoka kusvibiswa chakakonzerwa nemajemusi - chakatsamwisa iyo "Nzara Yakakura", iyo, sekufungidzira kwakasiyana, yakatorwa kubva pa20% kusvika pa25% yevagari vemunyika. Vamwe 1,5 miriyoni vanhu vakasiya nyika zvachose.
Nekudaro, kazhinji muEurope, mbatatisi hadzina kutorwa pakarepo, uye nguva yakawanda yakapfuura vagari vayo vasati vatenda kuzvininipisa uye hutano hwechirimwa. Varimi, Chechi, nevamwe maSlavophiles muRussia vakataura vachipesana nemuriwo wavanga vasina kujaira. Kushaikwa kweruzivo zvakare kwakadzivisa: mbatatisi dzakakanganiswa semuti wekushongedza, vakaedza kudya michero yayo ine muchetura (yakasvibira michero michero yakafanana netumadomasi madiki).
Asi varimi vakakurumidza kukoshesa kunaka kwakasiyana kwembatatisi. Semuenzaniso, yaive isingawanzo kutorwa nekupfuura mauto evavengi kupfuura zvirimwa zvezviyo, uye yakaramba iri chengetedzo sosi yekudya mumakore anotonhora, apo zvirimwa zvinozivikanwa zvakapa zvishoma. Varidzi veminda vaida kuti kunyange hazvo zvaisave nyore kuchengeta sezviyo, zvaisada zvigayo zveupfu. Muna 1600, French agronomist Olivier de Serre akafananidza kuravira kwembatatisi kuita truffle. Zvisinei, iro chairo mavambo ezwi rekuti "mbatatisi" rinobva kuGerman Tartuffel uye chiItaly chili - "truffle".
Hutano hwembatatisi hwakasimbiswa nemasayendisiti akaita saAntoine Parmentier, munyori wehunyanzvi hwekugadzira shuga kubva mumabheet uye murongi wemushonga wekudzivirira chibhokisi. Mushure mekutapwa kwePrussia, kwaaifanira kudya mbatatisi, akatanga kushingaira kusimudzira uyu muriwo, achiratidza kushamisika kwehungwaru. Akagadzira maruva emaruva embatatisi kuvanhu vanokudzwa (Marie Antoinette aipfekawo ngowani yakadai paheti), akakwezva vane mukurumbira (semuenzaniso, Benjamin Franklin kana Antoine Lavoisier) ku "kushambadza", pamwe neruzivo rwake rwehunhu hwevanhu (kuratidza akashongedzerwa nezvombo, asi kwete akangwarira murindi).
Nhasi, mbatatisi ndiwo mudzi wemuriwo wakakurumbira, nemufarinya nembatatari zvakapfuura nekurema kwechirimwa chakarimwa pasi rese. China inoramba iri mutungamiri, ichiteverwa neIndia neRussia. Saka chirimwa, chakatengeswa kubva kuSouth America, chakadzika midzi kune rimwe divi repasi uye chinogara chichifudza mamirioni avanhu.
Source: https://indicator.ru