Autumn muRussia ndiyo nguva yekumhanyisa mabhanga. Nekudaro, nemadzimai epamazuvano, rudzi urwu rwekuchikoro rwuri kuramba ruchiwedzera kushomeka. Zvinotaridza kuti chokwadi ichi chinofanirwa kuvhura mikana mitsva yevanogadzira miriwo yemumagaba uye varimi vari kurima miriwo ...
Asi muchokwadi, zvese hazvisi nyore.
Kune rimwe divi, kugadzirwa kwemiriwo yemumagaba munyika iri kuwedzera, mabhizinesi matsva ari kuvhura, uye kudiwa kuri kukura.
Sekureva kwaBusinesStat, kubva muna2012 kusvika kumagumo a2016, kutengeswa kwezvigadzirwa zvemumagaba kwakawedzera ne5,4% uye kwaisvika matani mamirioni 2016 pakupera kwa1,34. Kune rimwe divi, kusarudzwa kwemiriwo yakakanyiwa mumashefu ezvitoro kunoramba kuri kushoma. Parizvino, mugove weshumba weRussia yemakwenzi yemisika yemiriwo ndeyemapoka mazhinji ezvigadzirwa - magaka akakangwa uye matomatisi; pizi dzakasvibirira nezviyo; tomato namatidza; bhinzi; squash caviar; maorivhi nemiorivhi.
Zvichakadaro, mumatunhu mazhinji, kabichi, karoti, beet, hanyanisi uye mbatatisi zvinokura zvakanyanya Zvimwe zveichi chigadzirwa chinoshandiswa zvakare kuchengetedza, asi kusvika parizvino hazvina basa. Salads, pickled beet, zvakagadzirirwa-zvakagadzirwa soups - zvese izvi pazvigayo zvakakura zvinowanzoenda mukuwedzera kune yakasarudzika assortment, uye kudiwa kwezvinzvimbo izvi munzvimbo dzepakati peRussia hazvisati zvakakwira zvakakwana kukurudzira mafekitori kuti awedzere huwandu hwezvigadzirwa, kunyanya sezvo izvi zvisiri nyore kuita.
MATAMBUDZIKO EMUDZIMAI
Bhizinesi rekugadzira miriwo yemumagaba, senge chero imwe inoenderana nekugadzirwa, haigone kunzi nyore. Kutanga kweprojekti kunoda mari dzakakosha (chinenge chigadzirwa chose chinoda mutsara wakasiyana). Panguva imwecheteyo, michina inodhura inoshandiswa paavhareji mwedzi miviri kusvika mitatu pagore. Nekudaro, kune matambudziko nevashandi: kwemwedzi mitatu pagore vanhu vanoshandirwa mumatanho matatu, mapfumbamwe asara - hapana basa. Kutengesa mavhoriyamu zvakare kunoenderana nemwaka.
Nguva yenguva ndeimwe yematambudziko akakosha emabhizinesi mune ino chikamu. Sekureva kwenyanzvi pamusika wekuchengetedza, munyori we "Conservator's Matipi" peji re Facebook, mushambadzi Daria Bakushina, iyo yakawanda yekugadzira inowira muzhizha uye kutanga kwematsutso. Saizvozvo, ino ndiyo nguva inodhura kwazvo kumafekitori (zvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa zviri kutengwa), asi iri mumwedzi iyi iyo indasitiri inosvika "pasi" pekutengesa: vatengi vanosarudza miriwo mitsva pane yemumagaba. Mari yakaiswa mari inotanga kudzoka zvishoma nezvishoma (zvinoenderana nerudzi rwekuchengetedza) kwete kutanga kwaNovember, asi kazhinji kazhinji, nekuti zvigadzirwa zvinowanzoendeswa kuzvitoro nemubhadharo wakanonoka.
Nomuzvarirwo, kugadzirwa kunotarisa kune akanyanya marginal nzvimbo Sekureva kwaDaria Bakushina, hazvibatsiri kuti mugadziri agadzire chigadzirwa chemuchando nemubhadharo wemakombi asingasviki mazana maviri ezviuru, nepo muzhizha ichi chinofanira kunge chiri chemamiriyoni emakani Saladi (pamwe nezvimwe zvigadzirwa kubva mumiriwo yeiyo borsch set) hazvisi zvechikamu ichi. Naizvozvo, ivo vanowanzo gadzirwa kunze kwemwaka, kubva kune inodhura mbishi zvigadzirwa. Uye izvi, sekusimbisa kwenyanzvi, zvinokanganisawo kufarirwa kwechigadzirwa: yakanaka inonaka saradhi haigone kudhura isingasvike zana rubles, uye mutengi haana kugadzirira kubhadhara mari iyoyo.
Rimwe dambudziko idanho repamusoro remakwikwi uye kuoma kwekupinda mumaketeni ezvitoro. Sekureva kwaLeonid Goncharov, Mutungamiriri wezvekutengeserana weAbakan Fekitori-Kicheni LLC, mune iyo niche inoshanda mairi bhizinesi (kugadzirwa kwemuto wakagadzirwa zvakagadzirwa zvemumagaba nemakosi makuru), pane mamwe mafekitori ane zana ayo avanokwikwidza nawo zuva nezuva pasherufu muchitoro.
Vagadziri vemuriwo wemumagaba (matapiri, karoti, beet, hanyanisi) havana hanya nemamiriro ari pamusika. Idzi chikafu chemumagaba chinopihwa kune vanoita zvemitemo, zvipatara, nematunhu eFar North. Kunyangwe paine kukwikwidza pano zvakare: chibvumirano chehurumende chezvinhu chinogamuchirwa neuyo aikwanisa kupa chigadzirwa chinosangana nezvinodiwa zveGOST pamutengo wakaderera. Kuchengeta mitengo pasi kunogona kunetsa nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana.
Elena Ismailova, maneja weNizhnegorsk Cannery (Republic of Crimea), anonyunyuta kuti panguva ino zvakaoma bhizinesi rake kukwikwidza nemakambani e "mainland". Crimean Bridge yakavharirwa marori, zvinoreva kuti kuunzwa kwemidziyo nemidziyo yekuchengetedza kumuti kunoitwa nenzira yakatenderera, sekungotakura zvigadzirwa zvakapera kune vatengi. Mari yekushandisa inowedzera mari yekugadzira.
Asi ichi chakavanzika uye, ini ndoda kutenda, dambudziko rechinguvana. Asi vese vanogadzira nguva nenguva vanotarisana nekukwira kwemitengo yezvinhu zvakagadzirwa. Saka mwaka uno, vamiririri vemabhizinesi vanoramba kutaura nezve zvingangoita mitengo yezvigadzirwa zvavo kusvika pakupera kwekukohwa. "Kutanga kwezhizha kwaipisa, pakanga pasina hunyoro hwakakwana, uye varimi vazhinji vanoti miriwo ichadhura," anotsanangura Elena Ismailova. "Asi kudhura sei hatisati taziva." "Kutonhora, kupisa, chimvuramabwe, mhashu - izvo zvanga zvisiri izvo munyika mwaka uno," anodaro Daria Bakushina. - Zvirimwa zvakaita semapea, chibage, matomatisi, uye magaka zvakakanganiswa. Mari yepamberi ichave yakakwira zvakapetwa. "
Nenzira, nezve mbishi zvigadzirwa. Izvo zvinonakidza kuti hapana mumwe wevamiriri vakabvunzurudzwa vemabhizimusi akatumidza kushomeka kwezvigadzirwa, kukanganisa kwezvinhu, uye yakaderera mhando yezvigadzirwa zvepurazi pakati pezvinetso. Wese munhu aitaura nezvehukama hwakareba-hwehukama, vatengesi vakavimbika. Asi kushomeka kwerutsigiro rwehurumende mukutarisana nemitero iri kukura yepeturu nedzimba uye mabasa eruzhinji, tichifunga nezvekuwedzera kweVAT kusvika pa2019% kubva ku20, kwakacherechedzwa kanopfuura kamwe chete.
Sekureva kwaDaria Bakushina, nhasi indasitiri hainzwe rubatsiro rwevakuru: "Hazvisi nyore kuwana rubatsiro mune yakaoma mamiriro, uye kana ukabudirira, saka unofanira kubhadhara VAT ipapo. Kana paine anofarira, akangwara bhizimusi manejimendi, ane hunyanzvi hunyanzvi, ane mari, aine kushomeka kushoma kubva kuhutongi hwenzvimbo, anozotora nzvimbo mumunda, kuvaka chirimwa ipapo, kudyara chirimwa nekuchigadzirisa, saka zvakanaka kana zvirinani vasingapindire. Asi kugadzira chigadzirwa chakanaka hafu yehondo. Zvichiri kuda kutengesa. Mumwezve murairo unodikanwa. Ndine ruremekedzo rukuru kune varidzi vakadaro avo, mumwe angati, "zvisinei" nekupa vanhu chikafu.
TECHNOLOGY
Iyi ndiyo imwe nyaya yakakosha mukugadzirwa kwazvino kwemumba. Muindasitiri yekukanya nhasi, zviito zveSoviet zvinonyanya kushandiswa, kunyangwe dzimwe shanduko dzichiri kuitika. Sekureva kwaNataliya Posokina, mukuru wethabhini yekuchera tekinoroji kuAll-Russian Research Institute yeCanning Technology, kazhinji zvinogadziridzwa mushure mekutenga michina mitsva: semuenzaniso, kurapwa kwekupisa pamitsetse yemazuva ano, semutemo, kunoitwa munzvimbo dzakapfava zvakanyanya, zvichibvumira mamwe mavitamini kuti achengetwe muchigadzirwa chakapedzwa. ... Asi mune ramangwana, kubva pakuona kwenyanzvi yeVNIITEK, mazhinji emabhizimusi makuru anogona kunge achinjira kune matekinoroji ekunze, zvichipiwa kuti mafekitori mazhinji atove chikamu chekubata pasi.
KURongedza
Tsika yeRussia yekurongedza miriwo yemumagaba haina kuchinjika kweanopfuura makore gumi: canneries kurongedza zvigadzirwa zvavo mugirazi nesimbi magaba. Kuzivikanwa kwemakani hakusi kungoerekana kwaitika: zvinokutendera kuti uchengetedze mhando yechigadzirwa kubva pamakore maviri kusvika mana. Asi pane zvekare zvinokanganisika: girazi rinotyoka zviri nyore, simbi yegiredhi yezvikafu inodhura.
Imwe nzira inonzwisisika kune yakasarudzwa sarudzo inogona kunge iri tetra pack, inozivikanwa kune mutengi weRussia kune mamwe marudzi ezvigadzirwa (rangarira, semuenzaniso, majusi). Kubva pakuona kwemugadziri, kurongedza kwakadaro kunenge kushoma: chigadzirwa chiri nyore kutakura, kuchengeta, uye kuratidza. Asi nhasi pane masherufu ezvitoro zvepamba "mumakadhibhokisi" iwe unogona kuwana chete matomatisi mune yavo muto muItaly, inotengeswa. Hapana mumwe wevaRussia vanogadzira miriwo yemumagaba vanoshandisa Tetra Pak.
Daria Bakushina anotsanangura ichi chokwadi sezvo musika hauna kugadzirira shanduko. Sekureva kwenyanzvi, iyo yekumisikidza michina yekugadzira yerudzi nyowani yekupakata ichave chiitiko chinodhura kwazvo kumabhizinesi, izvi zvinokanganisa mutengo wezvinhu, asi mutengi haana kugadzirira kubhadhara mari yakawanda pachigadzirwa mutetra pack pane yakafanana - mutini kana girazi gaba. Hapana munhu anotora njodzi mumamiriro azvino ehupfumi.
Imwe ingangoita yekutakura sarudzo inowanikwa muzvitoro zveEurope ipurasitiki. Asi nyanzvi dzeRussia vane mimwe mibvunzo kwaari. Sekureva kwaDaria Bakushina, hupenyu hwesherufu hwemiriwo yemumagaba mupurasitiki yekurongedza yakaderedzwa kusvika gore rimwe chete, nepo zvichikosha kuti urangarire kuti ngetani dzekutengesa dzinogamuchira zvigadzirwa zvinotengeswa neyakagara nguva inosvika makumi matanhatu muzana. Ndokunge, kana chigadzirwa chakaburitswa muna Chikunguru 60, zvichave zvichikwanisika kuendesa kusvika muna Zvita, zvirizvo - kusvika panguva iyo kutanga kwekutengesa kwakawanda.
PROSPECTS
Kufanotaurira nzira iyo indasitiri ichatora mune iri padyo uye yakatonyanya kure ramangwana ibasa rekutenda. Asi zvinokwanisika kutora zvingangodaro zviitiko zvinoenderana neruzivo uye ruzivo rwemusika.
Sekureva kwaDaria Bakushina, mune ramangwana, tinogona kutarisira kuvandudzwa kwemapakeji: mugadziri anozotarisa kune akasiyana vatengi uye vape chigadzirwa chemavhoriyamu akasiyana, kubva padiki - pamunhu anoshandira munhu mumwe - kusvika kune yakanyanya (uye yakawanda mari), kune yakakura mhuri kana HoReCa mabhizinesi.
Imwe nzira inonzwisisika, kubva pakuona kwenyanzvi, ndiwo musoro wehutano. Yatove inotsigirwa pachishandiswa padanho rehurumende: muna Chikumi 1, 2018, iyo Traffic Chiedza chirongwa chakatangwa muRussia - kunongedza chikafu mumavara matatu - girini, yero uye tsvuku - zvinoenderana nezviri munyu, shuga uye mafuta mavari. Parizvino, vagadziri vari kutora chikamu muchirongwa nekuda kwekuzvidira. Asi munyika umo huwandu hwevanhu vanotambura nehydrohydrate metabolism, insulin kushora uye chirwere cheshuga chiri kuwedzera gore rega rega, zvine musoro kutanga mushuga-isina kana yakaderedzwa-munyu uye shuga-isina chigadzirwa mutsara.
Uye, hongu, kuchave kune zvigadzirwa zvitsva pamusika. Daria Bakushina anoto cherekedza kukura kuri kukura kwembesa dzemumagaba, nyemba, bhinzi nhema, madomasi akaomeswa nezuva, okra, capers uye zvimwe zvinhu zvisina kujairika kuRussia.
Isuwo, pachinzvimbo chevatariri, ticharatidza tarisiro yekuti pakatarisana nekudzikira zvishoma nezvishoma mukufarira veruzhinji kurima miriwo mumapurazi akazvimirira pamwe nekuvandudzwa kwehupenyu hwenyika, kugadzirwa kwechikafu chomumagaba kubva kumidziyo yekumba kuchakura. Uye zvigadzirwa izvi hazvizove zvishoma kudiwa pane zvekune dzimwe nyika.