Kwemakumi emakore akati wandei, minda yeRussia yave ichitongwa nemhando dzekunze dzezvirimwa zvekurima. Hanyanisi hadzina kusiyana, uye varimi vakatojaira pfungwa yekuti kune dzimwe nyika ndiyo yakanaka.
Izvi ndizvo chaizvo here uye varimi vehanyanisi vane mukana wekumirira kumutsidzirwa kwesarudzo yemumba?
Vladimir PAVLYUK, Mutungamiriri Mukuru weboka reAgroholding remakambani, akapindura mibvunzo yomuvonereri wemagazini yedu.
- Vladimir Vladimirovich, nei mahybrids ehanyanisi eRussia anenge asina kumiririrwa pamusika?
- Mukutanga kwema1990, chero basa rekubereka rakamiswa panharaunda yenyika yedu. Kune akati wandei zvinyorwa zvesainzi nemasayendisiti edu akazvipira kutsvagisa nezveonion genome, asi ndizvo zvese.
Panguva imwe cheteyo, makambani makuru epasi rose akapinda mumusika nezvipo zvemhando dzakasiyana dzezvirimwa zvanga zvichirima varimi vedu vehanyanisi kwemakore makumi matatu. Makambani ekuMadokero haamire, vari kushingaira kuvaka bhizinesi ravo muRussia, vachiisa mari mukutengesa nekusimudzira zvigadzirwa zvavo, vachipa maitiro avo kune vagadziri veRussia.
Nhasi, mazhinji emabhizinesi eanisi anoshanda seakafukidzwa, uye vatungamiriri vavo havatombodi kunzwa nezve kusarudzwa kweRussia. Mafungiro ekuti zvese zvakanaka zviri kuMadokero zvave zvichirimwa uye kwenguva yakareba, izvi ndizvo chaizvo izvo vashandi veRussia vemakambani ekunze vanodzokorora, uye ivo, sezvamunoziva, havazorumbidze kana kukurudzira marudzi epamba.
Mamiriro ekupedzisira ndeaya anotevera. Varimi vedu vanozvipira kutumira mari inoshamisa kunze kwenyika, nekuda kwekuti kusarudzwa uye kugadzirwa kwembeu kunokurudzirwa ipapo, uye mibairo yevashandi muindasitiri yese iri kukura. Zvinonyanya kukosha kuti kutenga mbeu kubva kunze kwenyika kunotsigirwa nehurumende. Ndiko kuti, nyika yedu inokurudzirawo kukurudzirwa kwekusarudzwa kune dzimwe nyika.
Gore rega rega, mutengo wembeu dzinotengeswa kunze kwenyika unowedzera ne5%, zvisinei nekutsinhana, zvichiteerana, vagadziri vekurima vekuRussia vanobhadhara mari yekuwedzera yekurarama kune vanodyidzana vekunze.
Onion inotengeswa kuRussia, 2020-2022, zviuru zvematani
MAERERANO NEZVIMWE ZVIMWE ZVIMWE ZVIMWE ZVIRI MUKATI, THE PER CAPITA KUDYA Hanyanisi MURUSSIA FEDERATION IS 17 KG PAGORE. CHIRATIDZO CHINO IRI 7KG IRI KUPFUURA CHIYERO CHEKUDYA INOKURURWA NE RAMS NUTRITION INSTITUTE.
Pundutso kubva mukutengeswa kwembeu dziri kunze kwenyika iri kuramba ichikura. Kubva pamusika, uyo usina kana imwe nzira yepamba, hapana anozvipira kuenda.
- Tinogona kumutsiridza sarudzo yedu here?
-Ichi chiitiko chinoda kuedza kwenguva refu uye mari yakasimba. Kuoma kwekuuchika kwehanyanisi kuri pakuti ichirimwa chemakore maviri, uye unoda kupedza nguva yakapetwa kaviri pairi. Zvinotora makore angangosvika gumi kusvika makumi maviri kuti uwane imwe yakasanganiswa, uyezve akati wandei bvunzo dzekugadzira dzichiri kuda kuitwa. Makore ese aya, vapfuri vanofanirwa kugara vachiwanda mari yebasa.
Uye zvakare, iyo ingori chokwadi chekuonekwa kweiyo hybrid nyowani haivimbise zvakanakira kune avo vatove pamusika, pamwe nekubhadhara kwayo. Usakanganwa kuti iyo hybrid ichafanirwa kumirisana nemakwikwi anotyisa kubva kune vekunze.
Zvinhu zviri kukonzerwa nekudhura kuri kuita hanyanisi izvo zvinoita kuti murimi asavimbe zvakanyanya uye asada kuita zveongororo.
Murimi anoshandisa avhareji ye350 kusvika 550 kana kupfuura zviuru zvemaruble pahekita imwe chete yemunda wehanyanisi pamwaka, uye mutengo wekukanganisa kwake ungave kubhuroka kwepurazi.
- Tiudze nezvebasa rako munzvimbo ino.
- Kwemakore gumi nematanhatu, boka reAgroholding remakambani rakabudirira kuita sarudzo nekugadzira mbeu yehanyanisi.
Kugadzira hybrid yemakwikwi, nzvimbo dzese dzesarudzo dzinofanirwa kugadzirwa padanho repamusoro. Semuenzaniso, hanyanisi inogona kunge iine hunhu hwakanakisa hwekutengeserana, asi husina kugadzikana kumamiriro ekunze, uyezve ivo havana mukana wekuwana mumusika.
Kubhadharwa kwemitengo yekambani inopfuya mbeu, pamwe chete nevarimi vakatenga mbeu yembeu, kunokwanisika kana mahybrids akabatanidza zvakanakira chirimwa. Kuti vaite izvi, kushandira pamwe kwepedyo pakati pavo kunodikanwa.
Nhasi tinopa varimi vembeu dzemahybrids edu manomwe. Asi munguva pfupi iri kutevera, kuwedzera kwakakosha kwehuwandu uye basa remamwe misika yezvikamu zvinotarisirwa. Muchirimo chegore rinotevera, matatu matsva ma hybrids achaonekwa, uye muchirimo che 2025 - 20. Ndinofunga kuti mumwe nomumwe wavo achave ari kudiwa nevarimi vekurima, nokuti yakagadzirwa zvichienderana nezvavanoda uye zvavanoda.
-Ko varimi vemazuva ano vanotarisa mahybrids ehanyanisi emumba nevekunze vanofungei?
- Kana hybrid yemumba ikarasikirwa kune yekunze neimwe nzira, haina mukana mumusika. Vashandi vemahofisi evamiriri vemakambani ekunze vachabatsira varimi vehanyanisi kuti vaone kukanganisa kwese kwehybrid yakadaro uye kupa iri nani - yekunze.
Sezvo mahybrids epamba achitengwa nevarimi vekuRussia vehanyanisi, zvinoreva kuti vari kukwikwidza. Izvi zvinogona kusimbiswa nevakuru vemapurazi akawanda kwavanorimwa. Kusanganisira munzvimbo dzeKuban, Stavropol, Kabardino-Balkaria, Dagestan, Saratov uye Orenburg, uko nzvimbo dzakakura dzetsika dzinorimwa.
Kubatsira kukuru kwemahybrids emumba ndeyekuti ivo vakasikirwa zvakananga kumusika weRussia. Ndiko kuti, basa rose rakaitwa mumamiriro ezvinhu apo hybrid ichakura. Naizvozvo, zviri nani kuchinjirwa kune ese echisikigo uye ekunze mamiriro ekunze, ayo anoratidza ayo ese akanakisa maitiro.
- Unofungei nezvemikana yekuti mahybrids edu atore chikamu chakakosha chemusika wemukati, uye ane mukana wekutengesa kunze?
Maererano nedata redu, Russia inogadzira matani ehanyanisi anosvika miriyoni pagore. Tichifunga nezvekudyiwa kwechigadzirwa ichi, zvinova pachena kuti chikamu chikuru chayo chinotengwa kubva kunze kwenyika.
Nyika hombe ine nyika yakapfuma kwazvo, mvura uye zviwanikwa zvevanhu haizvipei hanyanisi, zano uye chimwe chezvakakurumbira zvigadzirwa zvekudya. Kunyangwe yaigona kupa zvizere vagari vayo nayo, uye kunyange kutumira kune kunze kwenyika. Uye kana pasina chaitwa, usawedzera
kugadzirwa kwayo, mavhoriyamu anokura muRussia anozoderera zvishoma nezvishoma.
Pane chimwe chikonzero chikuru chokufunganya. Hapana zvachose simba pamusoro pekushandiswa kwemishonga inoshandiswa kurapa minda nezvirimwa munyika dziri kurima. Egypt, Turkey, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan neKazakhstan vanga vari vatengesi vakuru vehanyanisi mumakore achangopfuura.
Kutarisa zvigadzirwa zvinobva ikoko zvinongoitwa chete nekuda kwekuvapo kwezvinhu zvinoshanda zvakanyoreswa muRussian Federation. Asi munyika idzi, zvigadzirwa zvekudzivirira zvirimwa zvinoshandiswa, izvo zvatisina kunyoreswa.
Uye mukuenderera mberi kwechinyorwa chekutumira kunze. Zvinonyanya kufadza kuti ma network ekutengeserana, achishanda nechikamu chete chevagadziri, haafungi nezvemayero chaiwo muRussia yekuchengetedza nzvimbo pavanosarudza kugovera einisi inotengeswa kunze kwenyika. Kutaura zvazviri, vatengesi vezvitoro vari kushaisa varimi mukana wekudzoreredza mari yavo mukuchengetedza uye michina yekurima hanyanisi yekuchengetera.
- Chii chaungati kune varimi vehanyanisi vasati vatenda muRussia mahybrids?
- Ndine chokwadi chokuti munguva pfupi iri kutevera vazhinji vachatenda. Mushure mezvose, mahybrids ehanyanisi epamba anoratidza uye acharatidza mibairo yakanaka, isinganyanyi kunakidza kupfuura yekunze.
Ndinoda kuyeuchidza varimi vehanyanisi kukosha kwekusarudzwa kweimwe hybrid uye kushandiswa kwayo kune mhedzisiro inobudirira. Iwe unofanirwa kuziva pachine nguva zvese zvimiro zvayo, kushaya simba uye simba kuitira kuti usarudze nzvimbo yakakodzera yeiyo yakasanganiswa muzhizha conveyor, mumunda uye mudura.
Usati wakura hanyanisi, hazvifanirwe kungofunga nezve nzira yekugadzira, asi zvakare kunyatsodzidza nyaya dzese dzine chekuita nekushambadzira kwezvigadzirwa zvekurima. Chikanganiso chinowanzoitwa nevarimi kuvimba nekugadzikana uye kusachinja kwemusika. Kuti uve nekugadzirwa kunobatsira, zvinodikanwa kuti uve wakagadzirira kuchinja nguva dzose, funga nezvese maitiro emusika. Uye zvakare - kugara uchidzidza uye kuverenga, kuverenga uye kudzidza.