Akaunganidza matani mamirioni manomwe
Alexey Krasilnikov, Executive Director vePotato Union yeRussia
Sekureva kweBazi rezvekurima reRussian Federation kubva muna Gumiguru 31, 2019, mbatatisi mumabhizimusi ekurima uye varimi (mapurazi) mapurazi akacherwa kubva munzvimbo inosvika 276,3 zviuru mahekita, kana 91,4% yenzvimbo yekudyara, mamirioni manomwe matani akacherwa (muna 7 - 2018 mamirioni matani) ine goho re6,5 c / ha (muna 254,4 - 2018 c / ha).
Mune matunhu akati wandei, basa rekukohwa richiri kuenderera, saka mhedzisiro yegore rino ichave yakatonyanya. Tinoda kusimbisa kuti kunyangwe izvozvi kukohwa kuri zviuru mazana mashanu nezviuru zvematani matapiri kupfuura gore rapfuura.
Mwaka wekuguma hauna kuunza chero kushamisika maererano nekuparadzirwa kwenzvimbo mune runyorwa rwematunhu anotungamira maererano neresiti yakazara. Dunhu reBryansk rakagara riine mutsetse wepamusoro: matani zviuru mazana masere nemakumi mapfumbamwe nesere akacherwa, avhareji goho riri 809 c / ha. Asi zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti gore rapfuura mhedzisiro yedunhu yaive yakakwira: goho rakakura raive zviuru mazana masere nemakumi matanhatu neshanu matani, goho - 303 c / ha. Varimi vembatatiri vanoti izvi kune kusanaya kwemvura kwakagara kwenguva refu mudunhu reBryansk chirimo ichi, pamwe nekupinda kwechikwata chembatatisi.Kune mamwe matunhu ari gumi gumi, mwaka wacho waive wakanaka, uye vakapfuura kubudirira kwegore rapfuura.
Nekudaro, mudunhu reTula, zviuru makumi mashanu nezvishanu zvematani zvakacherwa (muna 555 - 2018 zviuru ematani).
Musiyano wakadaro unonzwisisika: mu2019, iyo Tula dunhu yakawedzera nzvimbo yekudyara zvirimwa: kubva 16 kusvika 18,2 zviuru mahekita.
Izvi zvinoteverwa nedunhu reNizhny Novgorod, uko 479 zviuru zvematani zvakaunganidzwa (zvinopesana mazana mazana matatu nemakumi matatu ematani muna 360). Nzvimbo yechina ndeyeMoscow dunhu: zviuru mazana mana nemazana maviri ane zviuru mazana manomwe (zvichienzaniswa nematani zviuru mazana matatu negumi nesere muna2018). Iyo Sverdlovsk Dunhu inovhara mashanu epamusoro: 427 zviuru zviuru (uye 328 zviuru matani muna 2018).
Tichaisawo mhedzisiro yenharaunda yeAstrakhan - 273 zviuru zvematani (182 zviuru zvematani muna 2018); Tyumen dunhu - 259 zviuru matani (239 zviuru matani gore rapfuura); Lipetsk dunhu - 189 zviuru zvematani (zviuru mazana 163 muna 2018); Iyo Republic of Chuvashia - 172 zviuru zvematani (143 zviuru zvematani muna 2018) uye nedunhu reKemerovo - 164 zviuru zvematani (195 zviuru zvematani muna 2018).
Zviratidzo zvakanakisa zvezvibereko zvembatatisi gore rino zvakaratidzirwa ne: Nizhny Novgorod dunhu - 337 c / ha, Pskov - 334 c / ha uye Lipetsk dunhu - 326 c / ha. Kazhinji, gore rakazobereka michero kumatunhu mazhinji epasi, asi kukohwa kwaisatsetseka kwese kwese. Dambudziko rakaonekwa nevarimi vembatatari venharaunda yeSverdlovsk: kunaya kwenguva refu munaGunyana kwakatungamira kune yakasimba mvura yekumvura yevhu, iyo yakawedzera zvakanyanya nguva yebasa remumunda. Vazhinji varimi vekurima vakaratidza kutya kuti chikamu chakakura chegoho rakapfuma raizoenda pasi pechando, asi parizvino mamiriro ezvinhu akagadziriswa: sekureva kwedhipatimendi rezvekurima, pakupera kwaGumiguru, mbatatisi dzakakohwewa kubva pa97% yenzvimbo yekudyara.
Hutongi hwechimbichimbi hwakaunzwa muna Gumiguru muVologda Oblast nekuda kwemwedzi miviri yekunaya kwemvura; iwo matambudziko akafanana akanyorwa mudunhu reNovgorod.
Parizvino, muVologda Oblast, mbatatisi dzakakohwa kubva ku82,6% yenharaunda (57 zviuru zvematani zvakaunganidzwa, muna 2018 - 59 zviuru zvematani), mudunhu reNovgorod - kubva ku86% (88,3 zviuru zvematani zvakagamuchirwa, muna 2018 - m - 84,6 zviuru matani). Kubva pane aya data, tinogona kutaura kuti kunyangwe varimi vembatatisi mumatunhu aya vachizowana kurasikirwa, mamiriro acho haasati ari enjodzi.
Mamiriro akaomesesa akaitika muFar Eastern Federal District. MuKhabarovsk Territory, semuenzaniso, mbatatisi dzakacherwa kubva ku10% yenzvimbo iyi, 0,9 zviuru zvematani zvakakohwewa (muna 2018 - 14,5 zviuru ematani). Muzhizha, 24 zviuru mahekita enharaunda yedunhu akawira pasi pemafashama. Iye zvino mbatatari dzinotengwa kuvagari vemudunhu iri mune mamwe matunhu eRussia neChina.
MITENGO PASI GORE RAPERA
Kukohwa kwakapfuma, kwakaunganidzwa mune angangoita matunhu eRussia, hakubatsire kuwedzera mumutengo wechigadzirwa. Kubva pakupera kwaGumiguru, mumatunhu epakati eRussia uye munzvimbo yeVolga, mbatatari dzakawanda dzinotengeswa nemutengo we9 kusvika ku11 rubles - ndiko kuti, padanho regore rapfuura kana zvishoma kuderera. Uyezve, muBryansk, Belgorod uye Voronezh, mbatatisi iri 15-20% yakachipa kupfuura kumatunhu akavakidzana.
Zvakaoma kufungidzira chero shanduko munzvimbo ino, asi ngatitarisirei kuti mitengo ichakwira zvishoma nezvishoma. Kufungidzira kwakadai kunogona kuitwa nenyaya yekuti huwandu hwembatatari dzeBelarusian gore rino dzinotumirwa kuUkraine (uko gore rino kuri kukohwa kwakashata, uye mitengo yanga ichirova zvese zvinotenderwa zvinyorwa kubva pakati paNyamavhuvhu) uye haimanikidze pamusika wedu.
Kushomeka kwakanyanya kwembatatari kunoonekwa zvakare muMoldova, kune zvikumbiro zvekutengesa kunze kwenyika kubva kuSerbia. Asi kusvika parizvino zvave zvisingaite kuronga kuendesa kwakawanda kwembatatisi kubva kuRussia uko. Chipingamupinyi chikuru: kuunzwa kwetafura mbatatisi yakatapukirwa nehutachiona hweY (iyo strain iyo inozivikanwa yeRussia neBelarus) inorambidzwa munyika idzi. Iyo yeEurope strain yehutachiona inoonekwa seyakagamuchirwa. Potato Union yakakwidza nyaya kuna Rosselkhoznadzor weRussian Federation nechikumbiro chekugadzirisa nyaya iyi, kutaurirana kwakaitwa nevamiriri venyika, asi parizvino hapana mhinduro yakawanikwa.
Isuwo tinotarisira kuti mugove weshumba wemapatatisi eIjipita, senge gore rapfuura, uchaenda kunyika dzeEurope, mazhinji acho akatamburawo nekusanaya kwemvura mwaka uno.
Rangarira kuti yemwaka wa2018 / 19, kugoverwa kwembatatisi dzekutanga kubva kuEgypt kuenda kuRussia kwakadzikira nekaviri nehafu nguva.
Uye zvakare, mabhizinesi ekugadzira mbatatisi epamba ari kusimukira, achitora zvigadzirwa zvakawandisa kubva kumusika. Semuenzaniso, iyo Lipetsk bhizinesi Lam Weston Belaya Dacha inoronga kuvhura chikamu chechipiri uye iri kufunga nezvechitatu. Munharaunda yeRyazan, mushure mekuvandudza, iyo Kasimovsky Potato chirimwa yakatanga kushanda zvakare. MunaGunyana, kuvhurwa zviri pamutemo kweKRiMM chirimwa kwakaitika mudunhu reTyumen.
KUSVIRA KWEMHURE MBEGU
Parizvino, mabhizinesi eRussia ari kugadzira mafomu kuRosselkhoznadzor yekuongorora yakawanda yembeu mbatatisi (kusanganisira microplants uye minitubers), ayo akarongwa kupinzwa munyika kubva kunze kwenyika kumwaka mutsva. Microplants akatotanga kusvika kuRussia.
Sezvineiwo, gore rino mune ruzhinji runyorwa kune zvikumbiro zvekuwaniswa kwembeu kubva kuSwitzerland neChina. Zvakare, nhumwa dzeRosselkhoznadzor dzichaenda kuChina munguva pfupi iri kutevera (chinangwa chekutanga chekushanya kwaive kuongorora nzvimbo dzemichero, asi nyanzvi dzakagadzirirawo kushanyira rabhoritari yekugadzira minitubers, zvigadzirwa izvo iro divi reRussia riri kuenda kunotenga).
Ziva kuti Rosselkhoznadzor irikuita zvakawanda kurerutsa mashandiro ekupinza mbeu kuRussia kubva kune dzimwe nyika. Kunyanya, munguva pfupi yapfuura nyanzvi dzebazi dzakagadzira hurongwa "Kuburitswa kwemvumo yekutenga zvigadzirwa zvakavharirwa kunze kuti uzoshandisa pakudyara nekudyara" (VRVPP system) pachishandiswa FGIS "Argus-Fito", iyo parizvino iri kuita nhanho yekuyedza uye iri kuronga kuunzwa mukati kushanda panopera 2019.
Iyo sisitimu yakanangana nekurerutsa maitiro ekufaira uye kuongorora maficha ekupinza kwezvinhu zvakagadziriswa. Izvo zvinokutendera iwe kuti uchengete marekodhi ezvakatumirwa mafomu uye mapemiti akapihwa zvinoenderana navo ekuunza kunze kwenyika mbeu nekudyara, zvirimwa zvine bulbous uye kuteedzera mamiriro ezvikumbiro zvakatumirwa online. Pamusoro pezvo, chirongwa ichi chinobvisa zvikanganiso zvehunyanzvi zvakaitwa nevatori vechikamu mune zvekunze zvehupfumi kana vachiendesa mafomu, kupfupisa nguva yekutarisa zvikumbiro, kumhanyisa maitiro ekutumira mhinduro uye mvumo kune zvikumbiro zvakatumirwa, kubvisa kukosha kwekutumira mafomu papepa, uye kuona kuve pachena nekuwanika.
Ngatitarisirei kuti mamwe eanowanikwa matambudziko achagadziriswa nekukurumidza.
Nenzira, hatibati tarisiro shoma paFederal State Information System mumunda wekugadzirwa kwembeu yezvirimwa zvekudyara (FSIS "Semyonovodstvo"), yakagadziriswa neHurumende Yezvekurima. Sisitimu iyi inofanirwa kupa vatori vechikamu mumusika mukana wekutarisa kwakatangira yega yega batch yembeu, mashandiro ayo, kuunganidzwa kwemitero, nezvimwe zvinoenderana nechirongwa ichi, sisitimu ichange ichishanda zvizere mu2020
Asi ngatidzokerei kumatambudziko ezvekushandisa kubva kunze kwenyika. Ivo avo vanowanzosangana nemunyoreri kana achiisa chikumbiro akanyorwa pane yepamutemo webhusaiti yeRosselkhoznadzor. Kune zvakare ruzivo kuti kuitira kusimbisa chimiro chehutano uye kuverengera kutaridzika kwezvigadzirwa, zvese zvakatumirwa mafomu zvinotumirwa kumasangano anochengetedza chirimwa chenyika dzenyika dzinotumira kunze kuburikidza nemamiriri eaya matunhu. Panyaya iyi, nguva yekumirira mvumo inononoka kwemwedzi mitatu kana mina, izvo zvakakosha, kutanga kwezvose, kune avo vanoronga kupinza microplants (maitiro acho haakukwane muhupenyu hwe microplants). Kugadzirisa nyaya iyi, nyanzvi dzePotato Union, pamwe chete nevanyanzvi veRosselkhoznadzor, vakagadzira imwe nzira yekugovera iyi mhando yembeu.
Nhasi, maitiro anotanga nechikumbiro nekambani inopinza kuRosselkhoznadzor ine ziviso nezve chii, mune vhoriyamu ipi uye kubva kunharaunda ipi inorongwa kupinza. Rosselkhoznadzor inokumbira zviremera nyika ingangobuditsa kunze kwenyika kuti isimbise kuvapo kwemicroplants dzakadai uye kuona kuti dzakura pasi pemamiriro asina hutachiona (izvo zvinoreva kuti njodzi dzehunhu). Mushure mekugamuchira iko kusimbiswa, iyo Rosselkhoznadzor inotumira chiziviso kukambani inopinza kuti kupinza kunotenderwa. Microplants inosvika pamuganhu wekuyambuka muganho uye inoendeswa kune imwe nzvimbo isina mimwe bvunzo.
Uye mazwi mashoma pamusoro pemitengo yekunze mhodzi mbatatisi. Sezvo munhu wese achirangarira, gore rapfuura, nekuda kwekusanaya kwemvura kweEurope, isu takanyora kushomeka kwembeu mbatatisi dzakagadzirwa kunze kwenyika mumusika wedu, pamwe nekuwedzera kwemitengo yazvo. Parizvino, zvinogona zvakare kucherechedzwa kuti kune matambudziko nekukohwa, semuenzaniso, kuGerman, asi zvakanyanyisa kuti utaure kuti nyika dzeEurope dzichakwanisa sei kugadzira mijenya kuRussia.