Vanodiwa vaverengi!
Mbeu yekurima - "AgroAlliance-NN" (Nizhny Novgorod dunhu), inonyanya kugadzirwa kwemapatata emarudzi eEurope ezvibereko zvepamusoro, inoenderera mberi ne "Diary yekucherechedza". Chinyorwa chiri mumagazini ino chakanangidzirwa kutanga kwebasa remuchirimo papurazi.
Kirill Kraev, nyanzvi yeAgroAlliance-NN LLC
KUDZIDZISWA KWEMBEWU ZVINOKOSHA KUVATengi. MATAMBUDZIKO UYE ZVIMHARA
Mwaka we 2019 wepurazi wakatanga nekutumira mbeu kune vatengi vedu. Kumwe kwekutanga kunyorera kwakabva kuHPC Sadokas, kambani iyi yakatizivisa pachine nguva nezve nguva iyo yavaizoda kutambira huwandu hunodiwa hwembeu dzemamwe marudzi. Nekuda kweizvi, isu takakwanisa kunyora chirongwa chekushanda, uye kubva munaKukadzi kusvika Kubvumbi taigara tichitumira mijenya yese.
Vanenge vese vamwe vatengi vakaedza kudzosera kunze kwenyika mbeu yezvinhu nekukurumidza sezvazvinogona, mune izvi, kubva pakupera kwaApril, kunyangwe hazvo bhizinesi redu rave kushanda zvisingaite pasina kukanganiswa, mitsara yakaunganidzwa padunhu repurazi. Motokari dzinosvika pakuteedzera dzakamanikidzwa kumira zvisina basa kwezuva, uye dzimwe mbiri. Panguva yekunyora uku (Chivabvu 19 - ed.), Tichine mumwe mutengi uyo asati aburitsa mbeu yezvinhu.
Nyaya yechipiri yakamutsa hurukuro pakati pevatengi yaive nechokuita nesaizi yembeu. Muzvinyorwa zvakapfuura zvemagazini, takatotaura kuti gore rapfuura, nekuda kwemamiriro ekunze, ingangoita mhando dzese dzakasimwa ine mashoma machubhu pagwenzi, semhedzisiro, mbatatisi dzakakura kupfuura zvakajairwa (kunyanya nehupamhi hwe40-60 mm kana 40-55 mm). Nekudaro, machubhu eiri chaiwo zvikamu izvi anotungamira mune dzakagadzirirwa mbeu mijenya, uye kwete vese vatengi vakagutsikana neizvi. Kuti tidzivise mamiriro akadai mune ramangwana, purazi rakafunga kutenga mutsetse wekuzadza uye kurongedza mbatatisi, izvo zvichatibvumidza kupatsanura mabatch muzvikamu zve 30-45 uye 45-60 (55) mm.
Kupfupisa, tinoona kuti, kunyangwe paine mamwe matambudziko, huwandu hwese hwembeu hwakatengeswa. Mukufananidza nebasa rekutakura, iro bhizinesi raive kushingaira kugadzirira kudyara, kuendesa mbatatisi mbeu dzezvakakwenenzverwa (super-super-elite uye elite kubva kune vakatanga), iyo ichasimwa kuti ibereke zvakare pasi pechibvumirano chechibvumirano.
Gore rino, chikamu chikuru chemidziyo yembeu chinoumbwa nemhando dzakasiyana dzekambani "HZP-Si Sadokas", iyo yakatipa zvinhu zvekutanga kwete chete zvekugadzirwa kweRussia, asiwo zveDutch (semuenzaniso, mhando dzakadai seMemphis neSilvana).
Sarudzo YENGUVA YEKUSHANDA NEMamiriro ekunze
Gore rino, chitubu chiri munzvimbo yeNizhny Novgorod chakamira nekukurumidza, asi "chakatambanudzwa" munguva: masikati tembiricha yemhepo yakazosvika pakunyora 25 ... 27 ° С, uye husiku yakadonha zvakanyanya kusvika 0 °, dzimwe nguva kusvika 3 ... 4 °, semhedzisiro ivhu rakadziya Saka zvishoma. Izvi zvakatitadzisa kudyara kare, kunyangwe vamwe varimi vembatatisi mudunhu medu vakatanga kudyara basa kutanga kwaMay 1. Dzimwe nharo "dzakataura" dzichitsigira misi yakazotevera, kunyanya, zvaive zvakakosha, kana zvichikwanisika, kufanoona mamiriro ezvinhu ekuchenesa kwaizorongwa. Munharaunda yedu, Nyamavhuvhu anowanzo kupisa zvakakwana (avhareji tembiricha yezuva nezuva iri pamusoro + 25 ° C), yekukohwa mbatatisi yembeu, iyo inofanirwa kuchengetwa kusvika kupera kwaApril, aya haasi iwo mamiriro akakodzera kwazvo. Naizvozvo, takashandura nguva yekudyara nenzira yekuronga kukohwa kutanga kwaGunyana, apo tembiricha yemhepo yepamusoro isingapfuure 18 ... 20 ° С.
Takatanga musi waMay 9. Panguva yekudyara, ivhu riri muminda rakadziya kusvika pa15 ... 17 °, uye isu tanga tatova neinishuwarenzi pakudzoka kwemamiriro ekunze anotonhora echirimo, ayo anowanzo kuwira panguva yezororo raMay.
NZIRA DZEKUSANGANISA MOISITI NOKURWA
Panguva ino, ivhu muminda yedu yanga isina kuoma (kunyangwe isu tisingateedzere kutanga kwechirimo zvinoshungurudza kuchengetedza hunyoro) uye yaive nehunyoro hwakaringana pakadzika kwema 8-10 cm kuitira kumera kwembatatisi.
Kurambwa kwechirimo kunokonzeresa kwakakonzerwa nenyaya yekuti, sekucherechedza kwedu, maitiro aya anotungamira kwete chete kunochengetedza hunyoro muminda, asiwo kugadzirwa kwemabundu akawandisa evhu ane dhayamita ingangoita 30-40 mm. Madhishi ekutsigira anosimudza mapundu aya kuti apinde pakati pechikwiriso, asi kumisikidzwa kwejinga hakuapwanye. Mapundu anochengetwa usati akohwewa uye anodyiswa nechirimwa kunzvimbo yekuchengetera, zvoita kuti kunetsa kuome uye kugadzira mamiriro ekuwedzera kukuvara kwemamato kumatato.
Mumwe musimboti watinoedza kucherechedza kana tichidyara ndeyekugadzirira-kwe-nhanho kugadzirirwa kwevhu muzvikamu zvidiki (sekutonga, isingapfuure 1-2 mahekita).
Iyi nzira inosanganisirwa nemamiriro ekuchengetedza unyoro muminda. Uye zvakare, nenzira iyi tinoedza kurwisa zvinokonzerwa nekunaya kwakanyanya, uko kunowanzoonekwa munzvimbo medu pakati paMay. Mvura inonaya "inonamira" ivhu ratogadzirirwa kudyara; kana pasi raoma, goko rinoumbwa pamusoro, iro rinofanirwa kuparadzwa zvakare nemutema. Mumamiriro emapurazi makuru, zvinoita kunge zvisingaite, asi pasina mashandiro aya, kana kukohwa, varimi vekurima vakasangana nedambudziko rakafanana remapundu.
ZVIRATIDZO ZVENYIKA YENYAYA DZAKANAKA
Panguva yekunyora uku, purazi rakapedza kudyara pa50% yenzvimbo iyi. Basa rakapedzwa nemhando dzakasiyana Sylvanas, Memphis neColomba.
Kudzika kwekudyara kwakasiyana mumatanho kubva pa6 kusvika 10 cm (iyo chiratidzo inoenderana nesaizi yembeu), takaedza kuona kuti tuber iri muvhu rakagadzirwa zvakanaka kusvika pakadzika kwehukuru hwayo, uye mudyari akagadzira ivhu revhu we 12-14 cm pamusoro. mamiriro akakwana ekukurumidza kuumbwa kweiyo yekutanga midzi midzi.
Tisati tadyara, isu takashongedza planter yedu nemabhosi, ayo anopa kugona kurapa tubers nefungicide zvakaenzana uye nevhoriyamu hombe (ingangoita 120 l / ha). Gore rino isu takashandisa imwe yemazuva ano systemic kugadzirira (zvinhu zvikuru: azoxystrobin uye mefenoxam), yakagadzirirwa kuchengetedza mbatatisi kubva pamidzi, hunde (mudzi) uye kuora kwetuber.
Sylvanas akadyarwa pekutanga uye ane mwaka wakareba wekukura achienzaniswa nemamwe marudzi mumutsara medu. Pakudyara, ma parameter anotevera akaiswa: kudyara kudzika kubva pamatanhatu kusvika pamasendimita mapfumbamwe (uchifunga nezvechinhu chakashandiswa), kudyara huwandu - kubva pa6 kusvika 9 tubers / ha, zvinoenderana nezvinokurudzirwa nenyanzvi dzekambani "HZ-P-Si Sadokas" ...
Inotevera kudyarwa yaive mhando yeMemphis. Pakudyara, ma parameter anotevera akaiswa: kudyara kudzika 6-9 cm, kudyara huwandu - kubva pa50 kusvika 000 machubhu / ha.
Takazoenderera mberi nekudyara mbatatisi dzemhando yeKolomba, kuwanda kwekudyara kwakatangira kubva pa50 kusvika ku000 tubers / ha, kudzika kwakasiyana kubva pamatanhatu kusvika pamasere masere.
Sezvo minda iri mupurazi medu ichizivikanwa nekusiyaniswa zvisina kuenzana uye chimiro chisina kujairika, tinodyara kubva pa6 kusvika pa9 mahekita pazuva, zvinoenderana neshanduko yemhando uye hurefu hweruti. Parizvino, basa riri kuenderera mberi rekudyara Red Scarlett mbatatisi.
Isu tinokuudza nezvekuti mbeu dzichasimukira sei uye mamiriro ekunze achazobuda mune inotevera magazini yeMazamu System.