Pazuva rekupedzisira raNdira, All-Russian Agronomic Meeting yakaitwa muMoscow, vatori vechikamu vaive vamiriri veagronomic services, madunhu ematunhu nemadhipatimendi ekurima, uye vakuru vemasangano ezvekurima. Pamusangano uyu, nyaya dzakanyanya kunetsa dzemwaka wakapera dzakabatwa pachinyakare uye zvirongwa zvenguva pfupi iri kutevera zvakatsanangurwa.
Muchidimbu nezve marekodhi
Gurukota rezvekurima reRussian Federation Alexander Tkachev, uyo akazarura musangano, akatanga kutaura kwake nekupfupisa migumisiro yegore rapfuura uye akayeuka zvinyorwa zvemwaka: muna 2017, 134 mamiriyoni ematani ezviyo akakohwa; matani mamiriyoni 3,6 esoyabhinzi; 1,5 mamiriyoni ematani ekubatwa chibharo (50% kupfuura muna 2016). Vagadziri vemiriwo yegreenhouse vakawana mhedzisiro yakakomba (kuwedzera kwe34% mumakore maviri), uye basa rakasimba riri kuenderera mberi munyika kugadzira magadheni (1000 mahekita anowedzerwa gore negore).
Soya beans uye rapeseed
Achitaura nezve zvirimwa izvi, Minister of Agriculture akavadana kwete chete kuvimbisa, asi zvine hunyanzvi zvakakosha kuRussia. Kubva kutanga kwema2000, nzvimbo iri pasi pesoya bhinzi munyika yakawedzera zvakapetwa katanhatu - kusvika 2,6 miriyoni mahekita. Asi mavhoriyamu ekugadzira anoramba asina kukwana: pagore tinopinza matani anopfuura mamirioni maviri nemazana mashanu esoya beans.
Panguva imwecheteyo, chirimwa ichi chinoramba chiri chimwe chepamusoro-soro. Mamiriro acho akafanana neakabatwa chibharo: nzvimbo yakadyarwa haipfuure 1 miriyoni hectares, kunze kwenyika yerapeseed (kusanganisira mbeu) gore negore inodarika matani emamiriyoni makumi maviri, kutengeswa kwemafuta echibharo - mamiriyoni masere matani. Iwo aripo ekugadzirisa masimba anoita kuti zvikwanisike kuwedzera kugadzirwa kwechibharo chekugadzirisa kaviri kana katatu. Alexander Tkachev akadana matunhu ese ane hunyanzvi hwekurima soya beans uye rapeseed kuti vatarise zvirimwa izvi.
Hurukuro yesoya beans yakaenderera mberi naSalis Karakotov, General Director wekambani yeSchelkovo Agrokhim. Mukutaura kwavo, vakasimbisa kukosha kwekutevedzwa kwehunyanzvi hwekurima pakurima mbesa. Maererano naS. Karakotov, ikozvino mapuroteni ari mu soya yeRussia anoramba ari pamwero we 28-32%, asi munyika chigadzirwa chine mapuroteni ane zvishoma 40% ari kudiwa. Muzvinabhizimusi uyu akataurawo kuti vanogadzira soya beans vekuRussia vanosarira kumashure maererano negoho. "Tinofanira kuwana chibereko che 2 t / ha, ipapo purofiti ichave iri pedyo ne100%," akadaro mukuru mukuru weSchelkovo Agrokhim.
Linen nekotoni
Chinangwa chenhaurirano panguva yeAll-Russian Agronomic Conference kwaivewo kurimwa kwechirimwa chechinyakare cheRussia - furakisi uye nyowani nyowani - donje.
Petr Chekmarev, Mutungamiriri weDhipatimendi reKukura Kwemiti, Mechanization, Chemicalization uye Plant Dziviriro yeBazi rezvekurima reRussian Federation, akataura nezvematanho matsva ekutsigira ari kugadzirwa iye zvino kusimudzira kukura kweflax. Kunyanya, zvakarongwa kuunza 20 muzana muripo wekuvaka mafekitori embeu uye 50 muzana yekuvakwa kwezvirimwa zvekutanga kugadzira flax. Zvinoenderana nekuverenga neBazi rezvekurima reRussian Federation, gore rinouya kugadzirwa kweflakisi kunofanirwa kunge kwakapetwa kaviri kana zvichienzaniswa nemhedzisiro yemwaka wa2017.
Asi kugadzirwa kwekotoni muRussia kuchangotanga. Kudiwa kwekurima chirimwa ichi, sekureva kwaPeter Chekmarev, kunokonzerwa nekuti mutengesi mukuru wedonje munyika, Uzbekistan, ari kushanda nesimba pakuvaka zvirimwa zvekugadzira uye zvirongwa zvekuenderera mberi nekupa zvigadzirwa zvakagadziriswa kunze kwenyika, nekudaro. , maindasitiri akati wandei muRussia angangotarisana nekushomeka kwezvigadzirwa.
Muna 2018, anenge 1000 mahekita achagoverwa kukotoni (mumatunhu eAstrakhan neVolgograd). Mune ramangwana, nzvimbo yacho ichawedzerwa: maererano neBazi rezvekurima reRussian Federation, kune nzvimbo dzakakwana munyika yedu (anenge 200 zviuru mahekita) zvinogona kushandiswa pakurima donje.
Mbatata nemiriwo
Muna 2018, maererano nehurongwa hweMinistry of Agriculture yeRussian Federation, mbatatisi ichadyarwa munzvimbo ine mahekita 1,27 miriyoni (seyakagadziriswa zvichienderana nemhedzisiro ye2016 yekurima census), iyo ishoma pane yekupedzisira. gore. Petr Chekmarev akasimbisa kukosha kwekuchengetedza zviratidzo izvi, kana zvisina kudaro nyika inogona kutarisana nekudiwa kwekuwedzera zvigadzirwa kunze kwenyika.
Kufanotaura kwenzvimbo yakadyarwa nezvirimwa zvemiriwo zvakare kucharamba kuri padanho rimwe chete - 653,9 zviuru mahekita (muna 2017 yaive 647,6 zviuru mahekita).
Madhiri efetiraiza
Sekureva kweiyo Ministry of Agriculture yeRussian Federation, hapana kushayikwa kwemamineral fertilizer, pamwe nekuwedzera kwemitengo yavo muRussia pakutanga kwemwaka we2018. Patova nezviuru zve393 matani ezvigadzirwa mumatura evarimi vekurima.
Pakati pemaitiro akanaka emwaka, maererano naIgor Kaluzhsky, Sachigaro weRussia Association of Fertilizer Manufacturers, munhu anogona kusimbisa kuderera kwehuwandu hwekushandiswa kwenitrate uye kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwekushandisa urea uye urea-ammonium musanganiswa, izvo, zvechokwadi, zvichava nemigumisiro iri nani pahutano hwezvigadzirwa zvakakura.
Matanho ekutsigira
Gore rino, 11,34 bhiriyoni rubles akagoverwa kubva kubhajeti remubatanidzwa kutsigira varimi vekurima (rubatsiro runopa rubatsiro rusina hukama kune vanogadzira zvekurima mumunda wekurima zvirimwa). Parizvino, 2 bhiriyoni rubles. rubatsiro rusina hukama rwakatoziviswa kuvarimi.
Zvinopfuura mabhiriyoni gumi nemazana matatu emadhora akagoverwa kune zvikwereti zvenguva pfupi (pamutengo wemari isingasviki 13%), izvo zvichabvumira varimi kukwezva kupfuura 5 mabhiriyoni emadhora emari yechikwereti. Mari iyi, maererano nekuverenga neBazi rezvekurima reRussian Federation, inofanira kuvhara 230/2 yezvinodiwa zvevarimi vekurima mari yakakweretwa yemushandirapamwe wekudyara.
Kazhinji, mari yeindasitiri inorongwa kuti ichengetwe padanho risiri pasi pegore rapfuura.
Mibairo ye2016 yekurima census
Konstantin Laikam, Mutevedzeri weMusoro weFederal State Statistics Service, akasuma muchidimbu vatori vechikamu kumusangano wekutanga mhedzisiro ye2016 All-Russian Agricultural Census, ichiratidza huwandu hwakakosha.
Nokudaro, akacherechedza kuti mumakore gumi akatevera kuverenga kwevanhu vekurima muna 2006, nhamba yemasangano ekurima muRussia yakaderera ne40%, uye nhamba yemapurazi yakaderera ne46%.
Ichokwadi, nhamba yevarimi vezvekurima yakawedzera (ne19%). Panguva imwecheteyo, K. Laikam akasimbisa kuti aya data haagone kunzi sekupedzisira: inenge chikamu chechina chemasangano ekurima aripo, anenge ega ega ega ega ega ega ega ega purazi revarimi, haaite chaizvo mabasa avo, uye mumatunhu makumi maviri neshanu anopfuura hafu yeminda. varimi vakanyorwa chete pamapepa.
Census yakaratidza kuwedzera kusiyanisa kwevarimi vekurima: mugove wemabhizimisi makuru ane zvirimwa zvinodarika 2,5 zviuru mahekita akawedzera 10 nguva (5% yemasangano aya anoverengera 35% yenzvimbo yose yakadyarwa).
Nzvimbo yese yeminda yekurima mumapurazi emapoka ese yadzikira mumakore gumi nemamiriyoni makumi maviri nemana mahekita (24%) uye ikozvino yasvika 14 miriyoni mahekita, asi nzvimbo yeminda yakashandiswa yakaramba yakafanana nekare. Izvi zvakaitika nekuti nzvimbo yeminda isina kushandiswa yakadzikira ne142%.
Iyo yakazara nzvimbo yakadyarwa yepurazi yakawedzera ne6% (4,5 miriyoni mahekita) uye yakasvika 79 miriyoni mahekita. Kuwedzera kwezvirimwa kwakaitika nekuda kwevarimi nemapurazi uye nemabhizinesi ega ega, vakawedzera nzvimbo yavo yakadyarwa ne70% (9 miriyoni mahekita). Mamwe mapoka evarimi vekurima akadzikisa zvirimwa zvavo, kusanganisira masangano ezvekurima - nemamiriyoni mana mahekita (4%).
Census yakanyora kuderera kukuru kwevashandi vekurima. Mumasangano ezvekurima, nhamba yevashandi yakaderera neanopfuura hafu, mumapurazi - ne40%, mune mabhizimisi ega - ne20%.
Mhedzisiro yekupedzisira ye2016 yekurima census ichaburitswa gore rino uye inogona kuwanikwa pane yepamutemo webhusaiti: www.vshp2016.ru
Mutengo wekufanotaura kwemwaka we2018
Sezvakataurwa naDmitry Rylko, Mutungamiriri Mukuru weInstitute for Agricultural Market Studies (IKAR), achipfupikisa zvakabuda muna 2017 uye achitaura pamusoro pezvakabudirira mukukura kwezviyo: “Kukohwa kukuru kunoreva matambudziko makuru, kukohwa kukuru kunoreva matambudziko makuru. ”
Nekudaro, pakuita fungidziro nezvemitengo yezviyo zveRussia pakupera kwa2018, muongorori aive aine tarisiro (ICAR forecast - inenge madhora mazana maviri patani, i.e. yakakwira zvishoma kupfuura muna 200). D. Rylko akacherechedza kuti gore rino nyika yakawana migumisiro yakakura mukutengeswa kwezviyo kunze kwenyika, izvo zvinopa tariro yekuderera kwezviyo zvakachengetwa pakupera kwegore.
ICAR inofanotaurawo kuwedzera kwemutengo wesunflower muhafu yechipiri ye2018 (muna 2017 goho rakanga rakaderera, asi panguva ino mitengo yechigadzirwa inoramba yakaderera, sezvo mafuta akabudiswa gore rapera achiri pamusika).
Muongorori anorayira kuti atarise zvakanyanya mamiriro ezvinhu pamusika wehuga. Kubva pakuona kweICAR, tarisiro yekutumira chigadzirwa ichi kunze haisati yapenya. Gore rino, chikamu chakakosha cheshuga yeRussia chakapihwa kuUzbekistan, asi nzira iyi haigone kunzi yakagadzikana. Izvi zvinoreva kuti pasina kusvika pazvibvumirano zvakakomba pamusoro pekutengeswa kweshuga kunze kwenyika, nyika haifanire kukurumidza kugadzirwa kweshuga.
Mamiriro ezvinhu ane buckwheat haasi mashoma akaoma. Mutengo wayo wakadzika kusvika pachiyero chegorosi; izvi, maererano nekucherechedza kwaD. Rylko, hazvina kuitika kwenguva yakareba. Muongorori uyu akaratidza kushushikana kuti kana mugore ra2018 goho rebuckwheat rakakura zvakare uye mitengo yakaderera, muna 2019 varimi vanogona kusiya chirimwa ichi zvachose.
Zvirongwa uye tarisiro
Maererano nehurongwa hweMinistry of Agriculture yeRussian Federation, muna 2018 nzvimbo yose inorimwa munyika ichava mamiriyoni makumi masere ehekita, iyo 80 mamiriyoni ehekita ichagoverwa pakudyara kwechirimo. Kuwedzera kwenzvimbo yesoya bhinzi, bhinzi, mufurakisi, bhari uye zvirimwa zvefodhi zvinofanotaurwa; kuderedzwa kwenzvimbo dziri pasi pesunflower (kusvika 53 miriyoni hectares) uye sugar beet (kusvika 7,5 miriyoni hectares). Russia iri kutarisira zvakare goho rakanaka uye haisi kuzomira pazvinyorwa zvakawanikwa.
Sezvakataurwa neGurukota rezvekurima reRussian Federation, Alexander Tkachev: "Tinotarisa mune ramangwana netarisiro, hurongwa hwekutsiva kunze kwenyika huri kuenderera mberi, vaongorori veSberbank vanotenda kuti muna 2018 iyo Russian agro-industrial complex inogona kuwana mhedzisiro. haina kuwanikwa kwemakumi emakore uye yawanazve chinzvimbo chayo semutengesi wezvekudya kunze kwenyika . Indasitiri iyi ine zviwanikwa zvakakura uye mukana mukuru wekuwedzera budiriro. "