Kusarudza, seimwe sainzi chero ipi zvayo, ibasa rinorwadza, renguva refu iro muongorori anopedzera hupenyu hwake hwese. Nyanzvi yezvemararamiro yeRussia neSoviet uye muridzi Nikolai Vavilov akadana kusarudzwa kuti “mhindumupindu inotungamirirwa nokuda kwomunhu.” Uye mhedzisiro yeichi chiitiko mhando dzemhando yepamusoro dzezvirimwa nemhuka.
Anna Rybalko, State Prize laureate uye Altai breeder musayendisiti, akaudza mutori wenhau weAiF-Altai nezvekushanda nesimba kwemufudzi, pamusoro pekumuka nekudonha kwechiteshi chekuedza kwemiriwo, pamusoro pezvakawanikwa.
"Ndinofanira, nokuti ndinogona!"
Anna Rybalko: Muhupenyu hwangu ndakasangana nevanhu vaigara vakanangana neni pane chimwe chinhu.
Elena Chekhova, AiF-Altai: Zvichida, iwe unofunga vanhu vakadaro sevadzidzisi vako?
- Zvirokwazvo. Uye pakati pavo mudzidzisi wangu wokutanga Vera Vasilievna Vorobyova. Iye akati: "Anya, ndichamupa mashanu, asi handisi kukupa zvakafanana nekuti unogona kuita zvirinani." Akanditsamwisa zvakanyanya nekuremedza kwakadaro zvekuti ndakapedza hupenyu hwangu hwese ndichizvipupurira ini nevamwe: Ndinofanira, nekuti ndinogona! Vera Vasilievna aiva mudzidzisi anoshamisa uye munhu anoshamisa. Uye chiitiko chinoshamisa chakaitika mushure mekufa kwake. Apo Vera Vasilievna akavigwa, panguva imwe chete bhokisi remwana rakaunzwa kumakuva. Zviri pachena kuti akanga ari refusenik: hapana vabereki, hapana hama. Pamakuva vakabvunza kana bhokisi rake raikwanisa kuiswa muguva Vera Vasilievna. Chikumbiro chacho hachina kurambwa. Saka zviri pachena kuti anoenderera mberi nebasa rake ikoko.
- Anna Anatolyevna, wakapinda sei mune sayenzi?
- Ndapedza chikoro, ndakapinda yunivhesiti yepedagogical ndisipo. Uye akashanda somutungamiriri piyona. Uyezve semudzidzisi muchikoro chebhodhingi chevana vane pfungwa dzakarasika. Handizivi kuti une moyo wakasimba sei kuti ushande ikoko. Zvangu hazvina kukwanisa kumira neruzivo. Ndakaenda kufekitari. Akashanda ikoko kwemakore mashanu, akaroora, akabereka mapatya - mukomana nemusikana. Vana vaiwanzorwara. Wekugara naye painge pasina. Ndaifanira kutsvaga basa pedyo nekumba. Uye vakabva vataura kuti mubatsiri werabhoritari aidiwa pachiteshi chekuyedza. Ndichishanda muno, ndakapinda muAltai Agricultural Institute. Ipapo kwakava nechikoro chevakapedza kudzidza muMoscow, paAll-Union Scientific Research Institute of Selection uye Mbeu Kugadzirwa kweVegetable Crops. Semuongorori, akashanda padambudziko rekudzivirira kwezvirimwa. Muna 1988 akadzivirira dissertation yake. Pasina nguva ndakanzi ndiite basa rekupfuya mhuka. Kwemakore anopfuura 35 ebasa pachiteshi chekuedza, ndakakwanisa kugadzira marudzi 25 ezvirimwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvemiriwo. Kusarudzwa chete ibasa risiri remunhu mumwechete, asi rechikwata, saka mabasa ese akanyorwa pamwe chete.
-Muzhinji, mangani emhando dzemiriwo akazvarwa nevashandi vechiteshi?
- Munguva yekuvapo kwechiteshi, uye yakagadzirwa kumashure muna 1932, vashandi vayo vesainzi vakagadzira anopfuura mazana maviri emhando. Chiteshi chedu nemhando dzedu dzaimbozivikanwa muSiberia, muSoviet Union yese, muMongolia, muBulgaria, uye muCzechoslovakia ...
Dambudziko nenyika yedu nderekuti, “nekuramba nyika yekare,” tinotsvaira zvose zvakanaka zvaivepo, tobva tatanga kuvaka zvakare.
Dhigirii redzidzo kuburikidza nemacalluses
- Wakambozvinzwira tsitsi iwe nebasa rako here?
- Ndinoyeuka zuva rekutanga mushure mekudaidzwa kunonzi Pavlov reform (reform yezvemari ya1991, yakaitwa neMutungamiriri weUSSR Valentin Pavlov - chinyorwa chemupepeti). Mumwe wevashandi vedu neni takaenda kuCentral Department Store. Ndaida kutenga ngowani. Ndinotarisa: zuro mutengo wayo waiva 7 rubles, uye nhasi - 25 rubles. Ndakaitenga. Pandakadzoka kumba, ndakaverenga mari yangu uye mari, uye ndakatanga kuenda kune hysterical: Ndakadzidza, ndakashanda kwemakore makumi mana, ndakawana chimwe chinhu muupenyu, asi zvakazoitika kuti handigoni kuzvidyisa ini nemhuri yangu!... Yakaipisisa chinhu ndechekuti mamiriro aya nevashandi vesainzi pachiteshi vachiri kuchengetedzwa. Chiremba weSainzi anogamuchira zvakanyanya 40 zviuru rubles. Panguva imwecheteyo, anofanira kusara, kuchera, mvura, kuunganidza michero pachake ... Asi vanhu vanobatirira. Sei? Pakushingaira. Nenzira, iyi inyaya pamusoro pekufarira kwevasayendisiti vedu. Pane imwe nguva, vapfuri vanobva kuFrance vakauya kuchiteshi chedu. Rwendo rwemagreenhouses rwakaitwa naNina Aleksandrovna Prokofieva, uyo panguva iyoyo akanga ari mutevedzeri wemukuru wesayenzi. Isu takangounza yakasarudzika sarudzo yemafirimu greenhouses - pakanga paine mavise, manwiwa, matomatisi, mhiripiri, uye magaka. Vaenzi vakafara: "Makagona sei kuwana mhedzisiro yakadai?" Nina Aleksandrovna anoti: “Tine boka revanhu vanofarira vari kutishandira.” French: "Chii ichi?" Nekuvhiringidzika, akataura nokutendeseka kuti: “Eya, ndipo pavanoshanda zvakawanda uye vachiwana zvishoma.” MuFrench wacho akaombera maoko ndokubvuma kuti: “Misoro yenyu inofanira kunge iri mumamiriro edu ezvinhu.”
Chii chinonzi basa pakusarudza? Iri ibasa risingaperi remuviri - pazvirongwa, munzvimbo dzekuchengetera. Pamusoro pekushanda pasi, unofanirwa kufambisa mabhokisi nemabhegi, kuatakura, uye kuronga nemuchero urimo. Rimwe zuva, mushure mokukohwa kabichi, iyo yakanga yakapfuma zvikuru - inorema 15 kg, ndakanzwa zvakashata nemoyo wangu. Ndakauya kuna chiremba. Akaona kuti kadhi racho raitaura kuti ndaiva mubatsiri murabhoritari, uye akaita kurudziro, kuti: “Unofanira kuita mamwe mabasa omuviri nemitambo.” Iyo stereotype yakashanda: muongorori anopfeka jasi jena uye haasimudze chero chinhu chinorema kupfuura peni.
Kana zviri "zvinogumbura" ... Zvinonyadzisa! Nokuti kunyange munguva yehondo chiteshi chacho chakachengetedzwa. Uye mushure mehondo, akangotumbuka - zvese zvaive pamberi pemeso angu. Ndinoyeuka: pakutanga kwaiva nematanda uye mabharaki. Kubva pakati pe-60s, vakatanga kuvaka zvivakwa zvekugara zvakanaka zvevashandi vechiteshi. Vakavaka posvo yekutanga-yekutanga, yaive dispensary chaiyo: vakatora mabhati ekuporesa, vakagamuchira kurapwa kwemuviri, uye maitiro akarairwa nachiremba. Takavaka kireshi. Takatova netsime! Uye kuti misoro yesayenzi yakawedzera sei. Vashandi vedu kubva kumativi ose eMubatanidzwa vakauya kuzodzidza nezvechiitiko chedu. Taiva nenharaunda chete munyika yainzi zvirimwa zvishoma. Paive nemhando dzinopfuura mazana maviri dzemiti yemishonga. Uye kubvira 200, chiteshi ichi chave kuita kuyedza kwakasiyana mukudzidza kubereka kwevhu. Chimiro chayo ndechekuti huwandu hwakasiyana hwemaminerari fertilizer hunoshandiswa kune zvirimwa zvakasiyana zvemiriwo, pamwe nesarudzo kana pasina mafetireza anoshandiswa zvachose. Uye inofananidzwa: kuti kubereka kwevhu, humus content, uye chimiro chevhu chinoshanduka sei. Iyi data yakakosha. Uye apo chiitiko ichi chichiri kurarama, mushandi anoenderera mberi achishanda pazviri. Asi atova pamudyandigere.
More carotene!
- Pamwe zvirango zvichabatsira? Ivo vanofanirwawo kuve kukurudzira kwekusimudzira kugadzirwa kwedu, matekinoroji epamba, nezvimwe.
– Nekuda kwekuti kugadzirwa kwembeu kwaparara, mhando dzakawanda dzakanaka dzava kunetsa kubereka. Nepo vashandi vechiteshi vari kuyedza kuburitsa mbeu nechido chikuru. Kunyangwe zvisiri muhuwandu hwakadai sepakutanga - kusvika ku180 marudzi. Asi gore rakapera, semuenzaniso, takagadzira mbeu dzeKrasa Altai radish, uye gore rino takagadzira White Zephyr radish uye maviri akanaka emhando dzemakarotsi, Dayana uye Sonata. Zvechokwadi, varimi vebindu vanobvunza izvi. Vakatoita mari nembeu dzakatengwa kunze kwenyika dzinogadzirwa muKyrgyzstan neCaucasus. Zvinoitika kuti murimi anodyara karoti, uye kamwe kamwe machena anooneka pakati pezvirimwa zveorenji. Kupi? Uye izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti kana mvura ichibva kumakomo uko makaroti emusango anokura, uye mbeu inowira paminda yakarimwa, inomera, uye sezvo pasina munhu anodzironga, kunaka kunorasika somugumisiro.
- Sei wakagamuchira Mubairo weHurumende?
-Kugadzira mhando dzekaroti dzine yakakwira carotene. Kana muChantane imwechete - iyi yekare, yekare yakasiyana-siyana, inozivikanwa kubva muna 1942 - paiva ne 6 mg% ye carotene chete, saka takakwanisa kuwedzera nhamba iyi kusvika 10 mg%. Uye mumhando dzatakasika takazvimiririra - Dayana, Sonata, zvinyorwa zvecarotene zvaive kubva pa18 kusvika ku22 mg%.
– Chiteshi chedu chingapa dunhu nembeu here?
- Kana iwe ukagadzira hwaro, saka hongu. Kuchine nyanzvi. Asi ... Heino nyanzvi yepepper - Natalya Yuryevna Antipova, atova mudyandigere. Doc pa nhanga, magaka, zucchini Vasily Grigorievich Vysochin, Chiremba weScience, ane makore makumi manomwe nemashanu. Andreeva Nadezhda Nikolaevna - tomato breeder. Ane 75 years...
-Kunyangwe iwe uri pamudyandigere, uri kushingaira mubasa revanhu, uri sachigaro wedare revarwi vemunharaunda yako. Chii chinokufadza mundima iyi?
- Muna 2011, vashandi vepamba ve130 uye vatori vechikamu gumi nevaviri vaigara mumusha medu. Ikozvino hapana kana mumwe chete anotora chikamu muhondo, uye kune vangangoita makumi manomwe vashandi vekumberi vasara. Asi kune vanhu vakapihwa chimiro chevana vehondo. Ndinoda kuronga kwaziso dzezororo kwavari - makadhi kana zvipo zvidiki. Uye izvi zvinoda mari. Ndapota, ndiri kuenda. Unenge wava mwedzi wemunhu akura. Tinofanira kuuya nechimwe chinhu.
- Zvakaoma here kuva vakwegura muRus?
-Izvo zvese zvinoenderana nechimiro chepfungwa chemunhu. Vamwe vanhu havanzwi vachembera kunyange pamakore makumi mapfumbamwe. Ndinoyeuka vakakorokotedza Anna Ivanovna Dubovykh pakuzvarwa kwake kwe90th. Iye akati: “Handisi mutoro kuvana, nokuti ndave ndichishamwaridzana nerwiyo rwacho upenyu hwangu hwose.” Uye akaimba. Ndokutsika tsoka yake. Zvinosuruvarisa, Anna Ivanovna haasisiri mupenyu.
Ndinoyeuka chimwe chiitiko kwenguva refu. Izvi zvakaitika panguva yaYeltsin. Ndakamira pachiteshi chebhazi. Pedyo nanambuya vari kutaura: “Takanaka – tine gadheni. Varombo vanogara sei muguta?” Ndine chokwadi: chero bedzi kune vakadzi vakuru vakadaro muRus, nyika yedu haingaputsiki.
Dossier: Anna RYBALKO - Candidate of Agricultural Sciences. Laureate yeNyika Mubairo, mubairo weAltai Territory Prize mumunda wesainzi uye tekinoroji. Munyori wezvinyorwa zvesainzi zvinopfuura zana.
Source: https://www.nsss-russia.ru/