Mbatatisi dzekugadzira mbatatisi dzinofanirwa kuvakwa mudunhu reAmur. "Chips, flakes, starch, nekuti une musika wakakura wekutengesa mhiri kweRwizi rweAmur - China," anodaro Sergey Lupekhin, murimi mukuru wembatatisi munyika. Pamwe chete nenhumwa yeBazi rezvekurima reRussian Federation, akadzidza mikana yevarimi veAmur kwemazuva akati wandei uye ane chivimbo mukugona kwedunhu muchikamu chembatatisi nemiriwo. Gavhuna Vasily Orlov akacherechedza: kana varimi vachifarira chirevo, dunhu richafunga nezvematanho ekutsigira nyika. Nei mafries echiFrench achigadzirwa kubva kumhando dzakasiyana, nei dunhu reAmur richigadzira starch, uye rudzii rwembatatisi yakanakira tafura nemunda - Amurskaya Pravda akazviziva.
Midzi mbesa dzine maonero ekunze
Dunhu reAmur rave richitaura nezve nzira yekukurudzira varimi kurima kwete soya beans chete, asiwo mbatatisi nemiriwo. Kuti "vakwezve" varimi, zviremera zvedunhu zvinopa rutsigiro - semuenzaniso, muripo wekuvakwa kwezvivakwa zvemazuva ano zvekuchengetera, mubhadharo wekuwedzera kune imwe neimwe hekita itsva yembatatisi nemiriwo. Pane mhedzisiro - gore rino goho rembatatisi rakura zvakanyanya kana zvichienzaniswa negore rapfuura. Asi kune kuderera kwekubudirira uku - nechipo chikuru, maererano nemutemo wemusika, mari yekugadzira inoderera. Mutengi anofara, asi murimi haasi kufara. Haisi chakavanzika kuti mapurazi anoda kuwana mari, uye nekudaro vanowanzozunguza ruoko rwavo pamatato, vasina kuwana iyo inotarisirwa kudzoka.
Zvisinei, kusvika kwenhume dzeBazi rezvekurima reRussian Federation kwakava rudzi rwekunzwa kwevarimi vazhinji mudunhu iri. Chokutanga pane zvose, nokuti, pamwe chete nevakuru vakuru, sachigaro weMubatanidzwa wePotato uye Vegetable Market Vatori vechikamu Sergey Lupekhin vakataura nevarimi. Sergey Nikolayevich ane chokwadi chekuti dunhu reAmur rine zvese mamiriro ekuita kuti mbatatisi iite pundutso.
Iye pachake muzvinabhizimisi - kubata kwake kukuru kwekurima kunosanganisira mabhizinesi akati wandei munzvimbo dzeMoscow neTula, kusanganisira kugadzira - chirimwa chekugadzira machipisi kubva kumatato ake akakura.
- Ndine 6 hectares yembatatisi uye anopfuura 1 mahekita emuriwo weborscht. Pakazara, tine 000 zviuru mahekita evhu. Ini ndakatungamira mubatanidzwa, wakagadzirwa makore gumi nerimwe apfuura, kuti nditange kutaurirana pakati pehurumende nebhizinesi. Uye panguva ino takakwanisa kugadzirisa nyaya dzakawanda, - anodaro mukuru wenyika mbatatisi murimi.
Mbeu dzinorimwa muchubhu yebvunzo
Matambudziko makuru ayo varimi vese vanotarisana nawo munzira iyi akafanana kumadokero kwenyika uye munyika yedu. Imwe yematambudziko imbeu yembeu. Kudunhu reAmur (uye Far East yese), iyi zvakare inyaya yemitengo yakakwira, sezvo zvinhu zvacho zvichifanira kutakurwa kubva kumadokero kwenyika. Sekureva kweMubatanidzwa wePotato uye Vegetable Market Vatori vechikamu, kubva pamazana masere ezviuru zvematani embeu dzembatatisi munyika, iyo yakawanda ndeyemumba, anopfuura zviuru gumi zvematani anobva kunze kwenyika. Vanounza munyika, chokwadi, test tubes nezvinhu zvinoparadzirwa, uye inova mbeu mumakore 800-10.
Muna 2014, mukupindura zvirango, Russia yakarambidza kutengeswa kwemamwe marudzi ezvigadzirwa, kusanganisira mbatatisi, kubva kunyika dzinoverengeka. Izvi zvakakurudzira kugadzirwa kwavo, anodaro Sergei Lupekhin, sachigaro weUnion of Potato uye Vegetable Market Participants.
- Hapana chinoitika nekukasira, kana isu tichitaura nezve kuwedzera kugadzirwa kwembatatisi mudunhu reAmur, saka zvinodikanwa kugadzira zvese zvivakwa. Uye pamusoro pezvose, uku ndiko kusikwa kwezvinhu zvembeu, - anodaro Sergey Lupekhin. “Iye zvino zvinhu zvakaoma. Izvo zvinodikanwa kuti pa-saiti kubereka mbatatisi kubva ku test chubhu kuenda kune "elite" kurongeka kuitira kutengesa kuvarimi veko. Nokudaro, tichaderedza mutengo wezvinhu zvembeu, - murimi wembatatisi akatsanangura chiono chake. - Ndiko kuti, iwe unoda kutanga nepurojekiti yembeu, zvino unoda kuumba dziva revarimi vakagadzirira kurima mamwe marudzi emapatata, uye zvose zvinofanira kupera nekugadzirisa. Bhizinesi rinofanirwa kuoneka mudunhu rinozogadzira starch, mbatatisi machipisi, zviyo. China iri padyo - imusika mukuru wekutengesa, uye inoda zvigadzirwa zvemhando yeRussia. Inoda investor, uye kwete imwe chete. Nguva yekuronga uku ndeye makore 5-7. Uye unofanira kutanga ikozvino. Mbatatisi kugadzirisa isimba risina simba munyika yedu, sezvo zvinenge zvese zvakauya kwatiri kubva kunze kwenyika. Uye chikamu ichi chinoda kuvandudzwa.
Dyisa nyika nembatatisi nemiriwo mitsva
Gore rino, Dunhu reAmur, senyika yese, rakapihwa basa rekuwedzera kugadzirwa kwembatatisi nemiriwo. Akamiririra Sachigaro weHurumende yeRussian Federation Mikhail Mushustin, Federal Ministry of Agriculture yakagadzira chirongwa chinoenderana 2023-2025. Inosanganisira matanho akasiyana-siyana ekutsigira avo vanorima mbatatisi nemiriwo muvhu. Mutungamiriri weDhipatimendi reKugadzirwa kweChirimwa, Mechanization, Chemicalization uye Plant Dziviriro yeBazi rezvekurima reRussian Federation Roman Nekrasov akaudza vagadziri veAmur nezveizvi.
"China iri padyo - imusika mukuru wekutengesa, uye inoda zvigadzirwa zvemhando yeRussia. Bhizinesi rinofanirwa kuoneka mudunhu rinozogadzira sitachi, mbatatisi machipisi, maflakes. "
- Russia inofanirwa kuzvidyisa nembatatisi nyowani, miriwo inonaka uye inokwanisika - rairo yakadai yakapihwa naSachigaro weHurumende yeRussian Federation. Uye Bazi rezvekurima reRussia rakagadzira chirongwa chemubatanidzwa chichatanga kushanda gore rinouya,” akadaro Roman Vladimirovich. - Mamiriro ezvinhu akaoma zvikuru nekukura mbatatisi ari muFar Eastern Federal District. Basa riri mberi nderekushandisa mirairo yehurumende uye kuita kuti gwaro idzva rishande. Inopa mari yekuwedzera kumatunhu eFar East, zviitiko zvese zvekugadzira mbatatisi nemiriwo munzvimbo yakavhurika zvichaenda nechikamu cheviri - ndiko kuti, zvichapetwa kaviri zvichienzaniswa nenyika yese. Isu tinotoona kubva mugwaro rebhajeti remubatanidzwa kuti mari inowedzerwa nezvikamu makumi matatu kubva muzana. Uye mari idzi dzichaenda zvakananga kukurima mbatatisi nemiriwo, zvinoreva kuti isu tinofanirwa kufunga nezve nzira yekuunza rutsigiro kune vanogadzira.
"Iye zvino tinogona kubatsira kubata hombe"
Sekureva kwemumiriri weBazi rezvekurima, maererano nerubatsiro kubva kune federal centre, pane akati wandei shanduko.
- Kare, rutsigiro rwakawedzerwa kune mabhizinesi madiki chete, ikozvino tinogona kubatsira hombe kubata. Mukuwedzera, muyero wemutengo wekuvaka zvivakwa zvekuchengetera wakawedzera kusvika ku25 muzana (yaive 20 muzana), Roman Nekrasov rondedzero. - Gore rino, sarudzo yakaitwa, uye zvinhu zvakawanda zvakanyorera iyi chiyero chekutsigira. Tinonzwisisa kuti murimi anotambira marii kana akwanisa kuchengetedza. Pamusoro pezvo, pari zvino vanhu vari kuita mabasa edzimba vanozokwanisa kuwana mari yebhajeti kana vakanyoreswa sevanozvishandira.
Kugadzirwa kwembeu kuchatsigirwa zvakasiyana.
- Kana nzvimbo yedu pachedu yakasikwa, tichadzorera 50 muzana yekuvaka (ikozvino yava 25 muzana). Isu tinotenda kuti izvi zvakanyanya kukosha kune mbatatisi - zvinodhura zvakanyanya kutakura mbeu kubva kumadokero kweRussia kudunhu reAmur, isu tinovimba kuti chirongwa chichaonekwa uye nzvimbo yakadai icharongwa mudunhu, Nekrasov inoverengera. - Imwe shanduko ine chekuita nekudzoreredza ivhu - ikozvino mapurojekiti emuriwo nembatatisi anove ekutanga mukusarudzwa kwematanho ekutsigira nyika.
40 zviuru matani embatatisi pagore
Kubva pamabasa akaiswa, nyanzvi dzakaverenga zvinangwa zvekupedzisira zvepurojekiti. Nekudaro, sekureva kweBazi rezvekurima reRussian Federation, panosvika 2030 kugadzirwa kwembatatisi muFar Eastern Federal District kunofanira kuwedzera kusvika 275 zviuru matani (ikozvino 211 zviuru), uye miriwo - kusvika 152 zviuru matani (ikozvino - 105 zviuru).
Kana iri Dunhu reAmur, chirongwa chayo chegore chinosvika zviuru makumi mana ematani embatatisi (muna 40 vakakohwa matani makumi matatu ezviuru) uye 2022 matani emiriwo (anenge 30 matani akarimwa gore rino).
Muna 2023, zvakarongwa kugovera 27 miriyoni rubles emari yemubatanidzwa kudunhu reAmur, maererano negwaro rakagadzirwa. Mari iyi haisanganisire zvikumbiro zvekuvakwa kwenzvimbo itsva dzekuchengetera nembeu. Panguva imwecheteyo, dunhu rakasarudza "chisarudzo chakazara" - ndiko kuti, chero nzira dziri muprojekiti dzichawana rubatsiro kana paine vanoda kuunza pfungwa kuhupenyu.
Tinofanira kubatana
Hurumende yeAmur ine chivimbo chekuti kuwedzera kugadzirwa kwembatatisi nemiriwo, pamwe nemapurojekiti akashinga, zviri mukati mesimba redunhu, asi kushanda pamwe chete kunodiwa.
- Isu tinoda kuwana - isu tinofanirwa kufunga nezve kugadzirisa. Asi kana tikapararira, hapazove nehupfumi hwakajairika, "anodaro Oleg Turkov, Mutevedzeri wasachigaro weHurumende yedunhu, Gurukota rezvekurima reAmur Region. - Ini ndinonyatsoziva mapurosesa makuru, uye pane zvirongwa zvekuvaka bhizinesi munyika yedu yakafanana nechirimwa muLipetsk, inopa mbatatisi kuVkusno - uye ndiyo iyo poindi network. Chinangwa cheramangwana bhizinesi ndechekudyisa Southeast Asia. Musika wacho wakakura. Kune chaiwo investor, anoda kuedza kuti mbatatisi inokura sei munyika yedu, gore rinouya - iyi inenge 7 hectares yenyika yembatatisi. Zvirongwa izvi zvakakurukurwa nomubati, uye anozvitsigira. Kana tikazviita, zvese zvichave zvakakomba.
"Nesangano rakakodzera, imi mose muri madzimambo emangwana mbatatisi," Sergey Lupekhin anoseka, achitaura nevarimi.
Ini ndakagadzirira kutora chikamu nerutsigiro uye neRuble mumapurojekiti akashinga uye murimi mukuru wembatatisi wenyika.
"Nesangano rakakodzera, imi mose muri madzimambo emangwana mbatatisi," Sergey Lupekhin anoseka, achitaura nevarimi. - Tese tinoraramira nhasi, asi kuronga kunodiwa. Kana pane chigadzirwa chiduku, somuenzaniso, starch, murimi achaziva kuti ane imwe nzvimbo yekutengesa zvigadzirwa zvakasara, izvi zvichabvisa kutya. Iyi haisi mari yakakura kudai kana munhu wese akabatana, uye ndakagadzirira kutorawo chikamu. Kana isu tichitaura nezvekutengesa mumatiweki, iwe unofanirwa kusangana uye kukurukura mune fomu raunopa mbatatisi kutengeswa. Ipapo iwe unofanirwa kutenga michina yekurongedza, kana kugadzira cooperative yekurongedza uye kurongedza masevhisi. Iwe unofanirwa kudzidza kunamatira pamwe chete, kana iwe uchida mumwe munhu anozobatanidza ushamwari - ndakagadzirira. Iwe unogona kugadzira mubatanidzwa wedunhu kana mubatanidzwa wevarimi vembatatisi mudunhu. Ndakagadzirira kuratidza kuti zvinoshanda sei - ndakamirira kushanya kwangu, - murimi ane ruzivo rwembatatisi akatora nzombe nenyanga.
Tora mini-tubers kubva kuvakidzani
Aleksey Yemelyanov, director weFederal Scientific Center yeAgrobiotechnologies yekuFar East yakatumidzwa zita reA.K. Chaika, akapawo zano kuvagadziri veAmur kuti vabatane uye vagadzirise matambudziko pamwechete. Iyo yepakati iri muPrimorye iri kuita zvekuberekesa, kusanganisira mbatatisi.
Mumashoko akareruka, kupararira kwembatatisi kunoenda seizvi: microtubers inodyarwa mugreenhouse, uye mini-tubers yatowanikwa pakukohwa. Vanodyarwa mumunda, kukohwa kwekutanga ndeye "super-super elite". Kwapera gore, vanowana "super-elite", ipapo "elite", mushure mezvo - kubereka kwekutanga uye kubereka kwechipiri. Sezvo nyanzvi dzinotsanangura, nekutenga mbeu mbatatisi "superelite" uye "elite", zvinokwanisika kupa hupfumi nembeu kwemakore mashoma anotevera.
“Mbatatisi chirimwa chakasiyana uye chinoshandiswa kwete pakudya chete, asiwo mukugadzirwa kwemafuta epetroleum, kusona nekugadzira mishonga. Uye chigadzirwa chakanangana nekutumira kunze. Musika wepasi rose wefrench fries hausi kuramba uchiita zvinodiwa, uye isu tinofanirwa kutarisa nezvechido ichi. ”
"Kune masangano mashoma muFar East ari kuita basa rekubereka pamwero wepasirese," anodaro Alexei Yemelyanov. — Tinopfuya mbesa 19 nembeu dzemhando makumi mashanu dzezvirimwa izvi. Mhando dzose dzinoenda nenzira dzekuporesa. Isu tiri kuita kubereka - muPrimorye, nzvimbo mbiri dzakakodzera izvi dzakaonekwa. Gore rino, sangano redu rakagadzira matani makumi matanhatu embeu dze "super-super-elite". Muna 50-60, marudzi matatu embatatisi akagadzirwa, arikuedzwa akasiyana. Uye vanoratidza zvibereko zvakanaka. Iye zvino tiri kushanda pakushandura kune kugadzirwa kwe mini-tubers mumidziyo. Muna 2021, takasaina chibvumirano neDalGAU chekubatana kwesainzi mundima yekuuchika zvirimwa. Aya ndiwo maitiro atinozviona: gore rinouya, nzvimbo yekuongorora agro-ecological yemhando dzesarudzo dzemumba nekune dzimwe nyika ichaiswa kuDalGAU. Kupfuurirazve, iyo yunivhesiti kana shamwari ichaisa nursery ye "super-super-elite" - chivakwa chingangoita mahekita matatu chinodiwa.
- Unogona kugadzira kubatana nepakati ino. Tora mini-tubers kubva kwavari, uye muwande ipapo ipapo, mudunhu. Asi nokuda kweizvi zvakakosha kutsanangura nzvimbo dzakakosha - pane zvimwe zvinodiwa kwavari, - Sergey Lupekhin manotsi. “Kana tikagadzira semkhoz nekubatana, tinogadzirisa dambudziko rekurimwa kwembeu yembatatisi mudunhu.
Zviri pachena kubva mukuita kwevarimi kuti kune mibvunzo yakawanda kune ane ruzivo murimi wembatatisi ane mazano matsva, uye kutaurirana kwakaenderera mberi kwemusangano.
Sergey Lupekhin: "Tinoda marabhoritari uye kubudirira mune sainzi"
Amur mbatatisi inokwanisa kupinda mumusika wefries weFrance, uyo wave kubviswa nekuda kwezviitiko zvepasirese, mukuru wemurimi wembatatisi anotenda. Kudiwa kuri kukura, asi kugadzirwa hakuzvifukidze.
- Makambani makuru mumusika wepasi rose wefries fries aida kukura munyika yedu uye akaronga kutanga mitsara mitsva, asi iye zvino zvinhu zvose zvachinja, - Sergey Lupekhin anotaura nezve tarisiro mukugadzirisa. - Iwo machipisi akafanana - kune mutambi mukuru uye akawanda madiki pamusika. Kana ari mbatatisi flakes, ichi chigadzirwa kunze kwenyika. Pakati peizvi, semuenzaniso, mbatatisi pakarepo mumapakiti inogadzirwa. Uye musika wakakura - Africa yakagadzirira kudya. Mune flakes, uyewo mu starch, pasi-inoda mbatatisi inoenda. Ndiko kuti, zviyero izvo zvisina kuwanikwa mumaketani ezvitoro. Starch ine mukana mukuru! Kunyange shinda dzekuvhiya dzinogadzirwa kubva pairi. Nezvinangwa zvekurapa, mhando dzakasiyana dzembatatisi dzinodiwa. Iye zvino kunyange mbatatisi dzakasiyana-siyana dzave dzakagadzirwa, kubva kune iyo yakajeka jelly inogadzirwa. Uye kana starch yakawedzerwa kune jira, yepamusoro yekotoni inowanikwa.
Makambani makuru mumusika wepasi rose wefry aida kusimudzira muRussia uye akaronga kuburitsa mitsetse mitsva.
Muzvinabhizimisi akapawo marongerwo emhando dzakakurumbira munyika. Pakati pavo, nenzira, hapana marudzi ekusarudzwa kweimba. Uye pane tsananguro yeizvi, anodaro Sergey Lupekhin.
"Hatina mhando imwe chete inogona kushandiswa kugadzira french fries. Mukugadzirwa uku, marudzi ane shuga yakaderera anodiwa. MuRussia, iyo indasitiri haina kurodzwa nekuda kweizvi. Uye kudiwa kukuru mumusika wepasi rose, uye kuri kuwedzera,” muzvinabhizimisi anodaro. - Yese masangano edu akarodzerwa kune ega ega, uko mbatatisi inokohwewa nemaoko. Pamhando dzakawanda dziri murejista, hapana kana imwe chete yekugadzirwa kwekutengesa. Ndeupi musiyano mukuru? Yakasiyana-siyana yekugadzira, kureva, yemidziyo yekukohwa, inofanira kunge iri plastiki. Ndakadzokorora kutaura maonero angu pane zvakasiyana-siyana zveGala. Iyo yakanaka kune yakasimba antiviral immunity. Uye iyi ndiyo yakanakisisa yemusika yakasiyana-siyana kubva pakuona kwemutengi - yakanyanya kutengwa. Hunhu hunonyanya kukosha ndeyepurasitiki. Izvi ndizvo zvinodiwa nevarimi, nekuti tinoziva kuti pakukohwa nemichina, mbatatisi inotambura, izvo zvinoita kuti aore.
Muridzi weRussia yakakura chirimwa chekugadzira organomineral fertilizer akauyawo kunharaunda yeAmur. Iye investor arikufunga nyaya yekuvaka bhizinesi pano. Vasily Orlov akacherechedza kuti kune peat deposits munharaunda iyo inogona kushandiswa kune zvinodiwa zveagro-industrial complex.
Yenguva yekuti sainzi ifunge zvakakomba pamusoro pezvinoda musika izvozvi, Sergey Nikolayevich anotenda.
- Mamiriro ekunze ari kufamba achidziya, uye mbatatisi haikure patembiricha inopfuura 22 degrees. Isu tinotarisana nechokwadi chokuti muna July-August inopisa - mbatatisi haina kukura, zvino inotanga kunaya, uye tuber mukati "marutsi" - unhu hunorasika. Sayenzi inoda kuuya neinosimudzira kuitira kuti isaisa mbatatisi metabolism kurara. Tinoda marudzi ekupisa uye kusanaya kwemvura - iyi ndiyo tsika yatove muEurope yose. Tinoda sarudzo yakakodzera uye yakangwara. Kana tichida kubudirira, tinoda vashandi - kwete agronomists, asi nyanzvi dzekusarudza nekugadzira mbeu. Izvo zvinodikanwa kuvhenekera maziso evadzidzi kuti vanzwisise kuti iri ndiro ramangwana, - murimi wembatatisi akataura nevamiriri veAmur Agricultural University.
Maria Murashko