Mbatatisi yakanonoka kuora ndiyo imwe yeaya zvirwere izvo zvinokuvadza mwaka wega mbatatisi inokura yeRussian Federation, kunyanya kumatunhu ane kunaya kwemvura uye kwakadzika pakati nepakati tembiricha dzezuva nezuva. Inokonzera kufa nguva isati yakwana kwezvirimwa uye, semhedzisiro, kushomeka kwezvirimwa pamwe nekurasikirwa kunotevera panguva yekuchengetedza. Zvinoenderana nedata redu, iyo stem fomu yekunonoka blight kunoitika kwese kwese uye kazhinji kazhinji kunozviratidza kwayakanyanya kare kupfuura shizha rimwe.
Njodzi huru yekunonoka kwengozi ndeye kupurasitiki uye kugona kuita zvimiro zvekuzorora (oospores) zvinoramba zviripo kwenguva yakareba. Uye zvakare, iyo pathogen inokwanisa kuenderera mberi nekusimudzira kwayo kunyangwe pakadzika tembiricha zvakanyanya (3 ° C) uye humidity (60%).
Varimi vazhinji vane ruzivo vanoziva kuti kuronga kwekutanga kwekushandisa fungicides uye kusarudzwa kweiyo mushonga kune simba rekuratidzira pane kushanda kwekudzivirira mbatatisi kubva mukunonoka kwechiitiko. Zvichienderana nehuwandu hwemvura kubva muna Chivabvu kusvika pakati paJune, kurapwa kwekutanga kunogona kudikanwa musana matanda akavharwa kana nguva yakawanda gare gare. Kupfira nes fungicides kunofanirwa kuitirwa mazuva makumi mashanu isati yatanga kukura kwehutachiona. Uye zvakare, kuitira kwehupfumi hwekushandiswa kwemishonga, zvakakosha kuti sarudzo yavo igadziriswe zvinoenderana nemhando dzakasiyana siyana, mamiriro ekunze uye tekinoroji yekukura. Kuita sarudzo uye kuongororwa kwemunda zvakakosha matura ekushandisa kwayo munguva fungicides.
Icho chinangwa chekutanga fungicidal kurapwa ndeyekudzikisa kupararira kwehutachiona kubva kumatabhesi kune mbatata stalk. Pavhu rinorema, gadziriro dzine systemic inoshanda zvinhu (propamocarb hydrochloride, metalaxyl, mefenoxam) inofanira kushandiswa.
Semuenzaniso, unogona kuisa Metaxil. Kana njodzi yehutachiona kubva kumbeu mbatatisi yakakwira (yakakwirira yevhu kunyorova inosara), zvakakosha kuti ushandise chigadzirwa chechirongwa kurapwa kwechipiri zvakare. Nekuda kwengozi yekuumbwa kwekupokana metalaxyl, uye zvakajairika kune zvigadzirwa zvehurongwa, zvinodikanwa kuchinjanisa zvinodhaka nezvinhu zvakasiyana zvichienderana nehurongwa hwekuita. Yekugadzirira gadziriro Talant, Idol yekutanga kurapwa inogona kukurudzirwa mune yakaoma mamiriro ekunze uye yakachena mbeu yezvinhu.
Padanho rekushingaira kukura kwemashizha mushure mekurapa, chirimwa chinodzivirirwa kwemazuva mana kusvika manomwe chete. Nesimba rakasimba rekupedzisira kunonoka, njodzi yekutapukirwa kwemashizha asina kunyatso kudzivirirwa inonyanya kukwirira. Pasi pemamiriro aya, zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa systemic fungicides. Dzinopinda mumashizha uye dzinogona kudzivirira kumwe kutsva, dzinoshandawo kana fungus yatopinda mukati menyama (yekudzivirira uye yekuporesa maitiro). Asi zvinofanirwa kutakurwa mupfungwa kuti iyi mishonga inogona kumisa chirwere mukati meawa makumi mana nemana nemasere nemasere mushure mekutapukirwa, kunyangwe ichizadziswa pamwero wakazara wekushandisa. Kana paine zviratidzo zvinooneka zvekukurumidza kunonoka kukura, ipapo padanho iri chirwere hachichakwanise kumira zvachose.
Zvigadzirwa zvine cymoxanil - Ordan uye Ordan MC - zvine yakanakisa yekurapa maitiro ("stop athari"). Naizvozvo, ivo vanonyanya kukodzera kurapa kupora kwepore-kugadzira mavara. Mhedzisiro yekurapa inogona kukwidziridzwa nekushandisa tangi musanganiswa wemishonga iyi neinosangana neboka fungicides (fluazinam, mancozeb) pamwero uzere wekushandisa. Kana mamiriro ekunze achiri akanakira chirwere, kumwaya mushonga kunofanirwa kudzokororwa mushure memazuva 4-6. Iko kusagadzikana kwecymoxanil-ine fungicides inguva ipfupi inoshanda kana ichienzaniswa nedzimwe systemic inoshanda zvinoshandiswa.
Pangosvika kukura kwakanyanya kwezvirimwa zve mbatatisi zvakamira, kutanga kubva panguva yekuyerera, kunaka nekunonoka kurwara kwehutachiona kunogona kuitika nehupamhi hwepakati uye hwepakati hwekudzvinyirira huturu kuburikidza nekuunza gadziriro yekubatana yakavakirwa pazvinhu zvakadai se chlorothalonil, fluazines, nezvimwe, semuenzaniso, Talant, mugadziriro yekudzivirira.
Panyaya yekudzikira kwekupedzisira blight kumanikidza, zvisinei nedanho rekuvandudza mbatatisi, dziviriro inogona kupihwa nehupfumi hwekubata fungicides zvichibva pazvinhu zvinoshanda (tyram, metiram, mancozeb, tribasic copper sulfate, nezvimwewo). Mukupesana neflusinam uye ciazofamide, izvi zvinosangana zvinoshanda zvinhu zvinoshanda zvakanyanya kurwisa Alternaria solani. Izvi zvakakosha pakunonoka kuibva kwetubers, panguva iyo tembiricha yakanyanya uye mvura inowanzochinja.
Pangosvika mbatatisi kumera kukura uye mashizha mashoma atanga kushanduka kuita yellow, zvinodikanwa kudzivirira tubers kubva kunonoka kutapukirwa. Kana paine hutachiona hwunoonekwa nekunonoka blight usati waikohwa, zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa fungicides ine anti-sporulent dieter (fluazines, mandipropamide).
Phytophthora inogadzira mhodzi sekureba sekunge zvikamu zvakasvibirira zvembatatisi zviripo. Kubudikidza nemhepo, dova uye madonhwe, vanosvika muvhu uye imomo vanogona kutapura huturu hwechirimwa chitsva kweanenge mavhiki matatu. Njodzi huru yekutapukirwa nehutachiona inoitika panguva yekuchera. Kune hutachiona, spores inofanirwa kusangana nematauri, uye kukuvara kwepamusoro kunobatsira kupindira kwehutachiona. Kuti uve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwakanyanya kweiyo tubers, zvakanakisa kuisa fungicide yakavakirwa pane fluazinam kana mandipropamide mazuva makumi maviri nemaviri usati wachera, uye woichenesa ne diquat-based Dry Hove anenge mavhiki maviri kukohwa. Iyo mwero uye kuwanda kwekushandisa kweSukhovey kunoenderana nemhando dzakasiyana uye huwandu hwakawanda hweanomera, pamwe nemamiriro ekunze.
Unhu hwekugadziriswa hwakakosha. Zvinoenderana nekuedza, kuti uwane yakanyanya kuuraya fungal kushanda, kupfira furu kunofanirwa kuitwa pamwe nekushanda solution mhinduro ye400 l / ha. Chete neyakaonda mashoma michero (isati yavhara tiger uye mushure mekutanga kuibva) inogona 300 l / ha kushandiswa. Nekudaro, nekugadzirwa kwakasimba kwemashizha (chikamu chikuru chekukura kana mhando zvine mashizha akakudziridzwa), zvakajairwa 500 l / ha zvinokurudzirwa.