Mbeu dzedonje, mbatatisi uye kubatwa chibharo dzakatumbuka pamwedzi, akadaro mukuru wechiyero chekuedza sechikamu cheChinese Chang'e-4 mishoni. Mifananidzo yemashizha yakaburitswa neChinese Space Agency. Masayendisiti eChina anotarisira kuti mbatatisi uye kubatwa chibharo kuve chikafu kune vanozofamba nzvimbo, uye donje rinogona kushandiswa kugadzira mbatya.
Vanhu vakura zvirimwa muchadenga pazviitiko zvakawanda, zvinosanganisira zinnias, maringazuva, uye magidhi paInternational Space Station. Iye zvino mbesa dzekutanga dzakaonekwa paMwedzi - pachiteshi cheChinese probe "Chang'e-4", iyo yakaita kumhara zvinyoro kudivi rekure reMwedzi, mbeu dzekutanga dzakamera, dzakaunzwa kuyedza kwesainzi. Zvinonzi South China Morning Post.
China's Chang'e-4 chitundumuseremusere chakamhara kudivi remwedzi kutanga kwaNdira 2019. Pabhodhi paive nemudziyo wemasendimita gumi nemasere waive nevhu, mvura, mweya, mbeu dzedonje, mbatatisi, Tal rezuhovidka (chirimwa chemhuri yekabichi), chakabatwa chibharo, uye zvakare mazai enhunzi dzemichero (pakutanga zvainge zvakarongerwa kutumira mazai esirikumu kumwedzi).
Yekutanga kumera mukuyedza yaive mbeu yedonje, iyo mifananidzo inoburitswa neChina Space Agency neChipiri. Muzvinafundo Liu Hanlong, mukuru wekuyedza, akazivisa kubudirira kwekuyedza, asingataure kuti mbeu dzakamera riini. Sekureva kwake, pamusoro pekotoni, rapeseed uye mbatatisi mbeu dzakamera.
"Takatarisa kupona mune ramangwana muchadenga," anodaro Liu. "Kutsvaga mafambiro anoita zvirimwa izvi pasi-giravhiti mamiriro ezvinhu kunotibvumidza kuisa hwaro hwekusika kwenzvimbo yeramangwana."
Yakanga iri iyi mhando dzakasarudzwa nekuda kweiyo diki saizi uye kugona kukura munzvimbo dzakapfigirwa nzvimbo. Uye zvakare, ivo vanonyatsopokana nemamiriro ekunze. Mudziyo une zvirimwa unogadzirirwa negadziriro inochengetedza tembiricha ingangoita 25 ° C uye mwenje wakafanana neiyo yepasi. Inodzivirira zvakavimbika zvirimwa nemazai enhunzi kubva pakuchinja kwetembiricha uye nemwaranzi.
Liu anotsanangura kuti izvo zvakasarudzwa zvirimwa uye zvipembenene vagadziri, vatengi uye zvinowora. Vagadziri vagadziri vechikafu, icho chinobva chapihwa kune zvimwe zvese zvipenyu. Vatengi vatengi vezvinhu zvakasikwa. Reducers (vaparadzi) vari kudzikamisa vamiririri. Vanodzorera zvinhu kubva kuzvinhu zvakafa kudzokera kuzvinhu zvisina hupenyu, zvichiora zvinhu zvakasikwa kumakemikari akapusa nezvinhu.
Nekudaro, ivo vaongorori vaitarisira kugadzira micro-ecosystem pamwedzi. Zvirimwa, kuburikidza nefotosynthesis, zvaizopa michero nhunzi nezvikafu nemweya, uye mbiriso yaizobatsira kurasa tsvina kubva kunhunzi nezvirimwa.
Liu anocherekedza kuti mbatatisi inogona kuve chikafu chinodyiwa chevanoongorora nzvimbo, oiri inogona kugadzirwa kubva kubhinya, uye donje rinogona kushandiswa kugadzira zvipfeko.
Pakutanga, "Chang'e-4" akatumira iyo yekutanga panoramic mifananidzo yekure divi remwedzi. Mifananidzo yacho yakatorwa nekamera yakaiswa pamusoro pe lander. Iyo probe yakaparadzira mifananidzo kuburikidza neQuetqiao anodzokorora, iyo iri 455 zviuru zvemakiromita kubva Pasi. Nekuda kwenzvimbo yaro, inodzokororwa setiraiti inogona "kuona" zvese zviri kumashure chikamu chemwedzi nepasi.
Mifananidzo iyi yakabvumidza maChinese masayendisiti kuongorora mamiriro uye mamiriro ezvepasi pechiteshi.
China yakaparura chang'e-4 chiteshi chenguva, icho chichaongorora kudivi remwedzi kekutanga munhoroondo yevanhu, musi waZvita 7, 2018 na21: 20 Moscow nguva. "Chang'e-4" chikamu chehurongwa hweChina hwemwedzi, kuenderera uye kuchengetedza kwe "Chang'e-3".
Chang'e-4 ine makamera, infrared spectrometer, ivhu rinopinda mukati radar, chiDutch chakaderera-frequency spectrometer, chishandiso cheSweden chekudzidza mhedzisiro yemhepo yezuva pane yemwedzi uye yeGerman neutron dosimeter.
Kuvandudzwa kwechirongwa cheChina chemwedzi chakatanga mu1998 uye chakatenderwa zviri pamutemo muna Ndira 2004, chakatumidzwa zita rekuti "Chang'e Chirongwa" mukuremekedza mwari wemwedzi weChinese Chang'e.
Chirongwa ichi chakakamurwa kuita nhanho nhatu - nendege mudenderedzwa redenderedzwa, kumhara zvakapfava paMwedzi uye kuendesa ivhu remwedzi pasi. Sechikamu chedanho rekutanga, zviteshi zveChang'e-1 uye Chang'e-2 zvakaenda kuMwedzi. Sechikamu cheChang'e-1 mishoni, zvaive zvichikwanisika kuvaka mepu yepamusoro yemwedzi, mushure mezvo chiteshi chakaita kumhara kwakaomarara pane satellite uye ndokuparadzwa. Chang'e-2 yakaita kuti zvikwanise kusarudza nzvimbo yakakodzera yekumhara nyoro kweChang'e-3.
Padanho rechipiri rechirongwa, chiteshi cheChang'e-3, chakatangwa muna Zvita 2, 2013, chakaendesa Yuytu lunar rover kune yemwedzi. Yakanga yakagadzirirwa GPR uye maviri masekiromendi ekudzidza ivhu remwedzi. Asi chinangwa hachina kuzadzikiswa zvizere - mushure memazuva makumi mana iro rover rakatadza kufamba, kunyangwe rakaramba richishanda rakamira rakamira. Musi waAugust 40, 3, zvakaziviswa kuti Yuytu apedza basa rayo.
"Chang'e-4" yakave backup ye "Chang'e-3", yaive yakatarisana nebasa rakafanana - kumhara zvakapfava pamwedzi uye kudzidza pamusoro payo.
Musiyano mukuru weiyo mishoni ndeyekuti chiteshi chenguva yekutanga munhoroondo chakagara pasi kudivi remwedzi.
Source: https://www.gazeta.ru