Sergey Artemov
Goho harifariri machipisi. Huwandu hwemapakeji echikafu chinofarirwa hunogona kudzikira pamasherufu ezvitoro nekuda kwekushaikwa kwezvinhu. Mbatatisi shoma inokohwewa kupfuura gore rapfuura. Uye izvi zvinowanzoitika kwete kuRussia chete, asiwo kune dzimwe nyika dzakawanda - vagadziri vezvokudya zvinokurumidza vachafanira kushanda nesimba mukutsvaga goho remahara. Chii chinonzi coronavirus denda rine chekuita nazvo?
Haana kukwana mbatatisi machipisi! Izvi zvakataurwa nevatungamiri vekuRussia vanogadzira crispy snacks. Uye chii, varimi vanoedza kutengesa nemutengo wepamusoro. Kutya kwese kuri kwechokwadi munzira yavo, anodaro Alexei Plugov, mukuru weAB-Center, nyanzvi uye analytical portal yeagribusiness. Ikozvino kuchekwa kwembatatisi munyika yedu kwave kuita. Uyezve, musika unochengeta mwero wepamusoro wemitengo.
PLUGOV: Mumwe anogona kuti, zvisati zvamboitika kureba. Kana gore rakapera panguva ino muhombesi yekubatanidza mari yaiva 8-10 rubles pakirogiramu, ikozvino iri pamwero we20 rubles pakirogiramu. Ndiko kuti, mitengo yacho yakakwira kaviri kupfuura mugore iroro.
Nzvimbo iri pasi pembatatisi yadzikira gore rino. Ndiko kusaka kukohwa kuri kushoma. Asi ichi ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero, maererano naAlexei Plugov; goho guru rechirimwa ichi rinodonha nekuda kwemwaka wechipiri wakatevedzana.
PLUGOV: Yakanga iri kupera kwechirimo gore rino. Zvadaro muzhizha pakanga pasinawo mamiriro ezvinhu akanaka kwazvo, uye chibereko chinotarisirwa kuderera kudarika gore rapera, kukohwa pachikamu chechikamu chakatoderera. Pane mibvunzo zvakare pamusoro pemhando yechirimwa pachayo. Zvakare, ngatitii, kwakakurumidza kupfupisa mhedzisiro, asi kazhinji zvakaipisisa kupfuura gore rapfuura: muna 2019, goho rembatatisi rakasvika 7,5 miriyoni matani, muna 2020 - 6,8 miriyoni matani. Muna 2021, isu tinotarisira kuti muunganidzwa uchadzikira neimwe miriyoni matani, uye ichave 5,8 miriyoni matani.
Asi idzi nhamba dzakabatanidzwa, umo mugove weshumba unogarwa nemhando dzetafura - izvo zvinotengeswa muzvitoro pasi pezita rekuti "kubika" uye "kukacha". Mhando dzemachipisi dzinonzi "industrial", anodaro Victor Kovalev, Development Director wePotatosystem.ru portal, ivo havadiwe pasina, vanhu havavatengi.
KOVALYOV: Musiyano uripo pakati petafura nembatatisi yekugadzira maindasitiri uri mune zvakawoma nyaya uye starch. Saizvozvo, pane zvishoma patafura mbatatisi - inosvika 16%, inopfuura 16% ye starch inoshandiswa pakugadzira maindasitiri.
Iyo yakawanda starch, iyo yakaipisisa zvidimbu zvembatatisi zvinotora mafuta panguva yefry, izvo zvinoreva kuti mari yemafuta inoderedzwa, uye machipisi pachawo haana kudya, anogona kushambadzirwa sechikafu chinonaka uye chine hutano. Mutengi wega wega ane ruzivo rwake panyaya iyi. Asi chokwadi chiri muhuwandu: iyo coronavirus yakatumira vazhinji kubasa riri kure, uye vanhu vadzikisira kushanya kunzvimbo dzemitambo, mafirimu nemaresitorendi. Mafirimu ave kutariswa zvakanyanya pamalaptops nemapiritsi pasi pegumbeze uye vaine pakiti yemachipisi mumaoko avo. Mavhoriyamu avo ekutengesa akawedzera panguva yedenda muRussia ne20%. Ehe, vagadziri vakabva vatanga kugadzira mitsva yekugadzirira uye yekurongedza. Asi ivo havana mbatatisi dzakakwana - izvi ndizvo zvinotsanangura muchokwadi zvirevo zvine ruzha nezvekushaikwa kwezvinhu. Nekuti, anodaro Viktor Kovalev, zvinokwanisika kuvaka chirimwa mugore, asi mbatatisi kwaari haizokura nekukurumidza.
KOVALYOV: Chokwadi ndechekuti kukura mbatatisi chirongwa chenguva refu; nhasi haugone kusarudza kutenga mhodzi kumwe nekudzirima pachiyero cheindasitiri. Iri ibasa rose rinobva pakukura kubva kune iyo inonzi meristem, inokura kubva kune cage ye mini-tubers, yekutanga munda "superelite", kusvika pakuberekwa kwekutanga. Ichi chirongwa kusvika kumakore mashanu. Nokudaro, zvinosuruvarisa, hazvibviri kusarudza pakarepo kuti, pano, ngatikure mbatatisi yekugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri.
Isu tinotora bhakiti rembatatisi muchirimo, tinodyara mumakomba, kumirira mwedzi mitatu uye kuunganidza mabhakiti mana - vese varidzi vedzimba dzezhizha uye vagari vekumaruwa vanoshanda neruzivo urwu rwuri nyore agronomic. Asi kugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri kweiyi tsika kwakasiyana zvishoma, anodaro Viktor Kovalev, uye hazvisi zvachose zvakajairika. Kusvikira nhasi, mapurazi akawanda, akaunza mbeu muvhu, anovimba, semuenzaniso, pakudiridza kwechisikigo.
KOVALYOV: Vanhu vazhinji vanorima mbatatisi maererano nehunyanzvi hwekare, pasina kudiridza, uye vanowana chirimwa che20-25 matani pahekita. Uye makambani anorima mbatatisi dzakadiridzwa anoziva tekinoroji yese uye anokura 60 - 70 matani. Nhamba, sezvauri kuona, dzinosiyana zvakanyanya.
Uye kunyangwe mapurazi anobudirira akadaro haana kunyanya kufarira mune ramangwana kuti achinje mukugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvemachipisi. Mitengo pamusika, Viktor Kovalev anotenda, ichavabvumira kuwana mari yakanaka, iyo inonzi "nekuedza kushoma."
KOVALYOV: 2020 uye 2021 inoratidza kuti mutengo wetafura mbatatisi wakakwira kupfuura mutengo wekutenga wekugadzirisa. Naizvozvo, hazvigoneke mune zvemari kuti varimi varime mbatatisi yekugadzira. Vanozvitenga zvitsva kubva kwaari, chengetedza zviri nyore, uye kushandiswa kunokurumidza kukurumidza. Ikozvino kudiwa kwacho kwakanakira tafura mbatatisi.
Izvo zvinogoneka kutora mhedziso dzekupedzisira nezve kuzara kweiyo indasitiri yemachipi nemidziyo munaNovember, kana kukohwewa kwembatatisi muRussia kwapera uye inozadza zvigadziko zvekuchengetedza. Kumwe kufungidzira kuri kure kwemitengo kunowanzo kutaridzika seizvi, maererano naAlexei Plugov.
PLUGOV: Vhiki yega yega zvino zviuru mazana mashanu ematani anokohwewa - chikamu chinonyanya kushanda chekukohwa. Mitengo inogona kudzokera kumashure zvishoma, ichidzika. Asi pane mukana wekuti muchirimo mutengo uchava 500 rubles pakirogiramu mune wholesale. Ndiko kuti, ikozvino yava makumi maviri, uye muchirimo inogona kunge iri makumi matatu. Naizvozvo, kare muna Kukadzi, mbatatisi dzakawanda dzichatengeswa kwatiri - Egypt nguva nenguva inovhara zvido zvayo, ipapo Pakistan neIran.
Chips kutengesa kwakawedzera ne30%. Mafekitari ane kushomeka kwemidziyo. Asi zvichemo izvi hazvisisiri kubva kuRussia. Mufananidzo wacho wakada kudzokororwa muSwitzerland. Uye heino mishumo yevarimi kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweGermany, Holland neBelgium: goho gore negore rakafanana, asi nzvimbo iri pasi pembatatisi yakaderera. Pamusoro pezvo, mari yekurwisa zvipembenene yakawedzera. Simba riri kuwedzera kudhura uye kuchengetedza kuchawedzera kudhura kwechando chiri kuuya. Uye sezvo mitengo yekutsinhana kwezviyo nembeu yakasvetuka zvakanyanya, varimi vazhinji vanozochinja kwavari muchirimo - zvakanyanya kuderera mumutengo.
Zvinoita sekunge pasina nhau dzakanaka nezvembatatisi: "America inotarisira goho muIdaho" - izvi zvinobva pamisoro yeindasitiri yemhiri kwemakungwa svondo rapfuura. Iyi nyika inopa chikamu chetatu chembatatisi kumusika weUS. Mazuva mashoma apfuura, kufanotaura kwakaonekwa - nekuda kwekusanaya kwechirimo, kukohwa kuchaderera ne5%, uye hunhu huchave hwakanyanya kuipa. Chii chatingati, kana muBelarus, pakati pekukohwa mbatatisi, zvirongwa zvakaziviswa kupinza mbatatisi. Kekutanga munhoroondo yese yakazvimirira yerepublic.