Kuti mbatatisi yakazvininipisa yakave sei chikamu chechina chekuchengetedza chikafu cheChina
Ichikoshesa kukwana kwembatatisi, China yakawedzera zvakanyanya kugadzirwa kwechirimwa ichi mumakumi maviri emakore apfuura uye yave mugadziri mukuru wembatatisi pasi rose.
Kudzoka muna 2015, Chinese Academy yeSainzi yakakurudzira kuti zviremera zvitore danho rekugadzira nekushandisa mbatatisi sechikafu chekudya kuti ive nechokwadi chekuchengetedza chikafu mudzimba. Muna 2016, hurumende yeChinese yakaburitsa "Nhungamiro yekusimudzira Kubudirira kweMbatatisi". Mushure mezvo, matunhu nemaguta vakatorawo matanho akakodzera ekuvandudza kugadzirwa uye kuwedzera kudiwa kwembatatisi.
Ivo vanoparadzira nhema vakatarisana nebasa rekumisa mbatatisi sechikafu chekudya nemaChinese munzira dzese dzinogona.
Zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa nevatengi veChinese, mhando dzakasiyana dzezvigadzirwa zvembatatisi zvakagadzirwa, kusanganisira chingwa chembatatisi chakabikwa, manhanga embatatisi, uye furawa. Zvinopfuura mazana maviri zvigadzirwa zvembatatisi zvakaunzwa kumusika, senge mafriji akaomeswa nechando, machipisi embatatisi, mapai embatatisi, zvinwiwa zvembatatisi, liqueur yemapatatari uye ese ese emhando dzezvinhu zvinokwezva.
Izvi zvakakurudzira kudiwa kwemapatata mbishi zvakare. Saka mbatatisi muChina chakave chikafu chechina chekudya, pamwe nemupunga, gorosi uye chibage, nhoroondo isiri chikamu chikuru chekudya kweChinese.
Kubva 2007 kusvika 2016, kunwiwa kwegore negore kwembatata nyowani kuChina kwakawedzera kubva pa30 kg kusvika pa52 kg, ichiwedzera padanho re5,6% pagore, uye kuchine mukana wekusimudzira musika mune ramangwana.
Kubva 2007 kusvika 2016, nzvimbo iri pasi pembatatisi muPRC yakawedzera kubva pa4,5 mamirioni mahekita kusvika 5,6 mamirioni hectare, uye inononoka kukura maitiro inofungidzirwa mune ramangwana.
Munguva iyi, chirimwa chembatatisi chakawedzera kubva pamamiriyoni makumi matanhatu nematanhatu ematani kusvika pamamiriyoni makumi manomwe nemapfumbamwe ematani.
Iyo yazvino nhanho yekugadzira yakatonyanya kushamisa tichifunga kuti kugadzirwa kwembatatisi kuChina kwanga kuri pasi pematani gumi emamirioni munguva pfupi yapfuura sa10.
Goho padunhu rechikamu rakawedzera kubva pamatani gumi nemashanu / ha kusvika pamatani gumi nemashanu / ha kubva muna 15 kusvika 17.
Zvakadaro, goho rakawanikwa riri pasi pevhareji yepasi rose (makumi maviri ematani pahekita), uye rakadzikira zvakanyanya kupfuura munyika dzakasimukira (makumi mana ematani pahekita) seHolland, France, USA neNew Zealand.
Nekudaro, pane mukana wekuwedzera kwakakosha kwezvibereko zvembatatisi, uye vesaenzi vari kuita nhamburiko yekuzviita.
Nzvimbo yakadyarwa mbatatisi yakanyanya kuChina, iine 49% yenzvimbo iri kurimwa kuNorth China iri kukohwewa kamwe pagore.
39 muzana iri kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweChina, uko zvese zviri zviviri uye zviviri kuchenesa kunogona kuitika.
5 muzana inobva kuCentral China, uko zvirimwa zviviri zvinonyanya kukohwewa.
Chekupedzisira, 7% yemapatata anorimwa kumaodzanyemba kweChina, kusanganisira Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan neTaiwan, uko kunokohwa zvirimwa zviviri.
Iyo pfupi yekukura nguva uye yakafara kugadzikana kweiyo mbatatisi inoita kuti ive inokodzera nzvimbo dzakasiyana uye mhando dzemamiriro ekunze muChina, zvichibvumira kuti zvive zvitsva mwaka wese kutenderera.
Nezvikonzero zvakasiyana, matapiri ane mikana yakawanda yekuwedzera nzvimbo dzakasimwa uye goho muChina kupfuura mupunga, gorosi, kana chibage.
Pasi pemamiriro azvino, munguva pfupi, tinogona kutarisira kuwedzera muvhareji wegoho rembatatisi kubva pamatani gumi nematanhatu / ha kusvika kumatani makumi maviri nemaviri / ha uye kuwedzerwa kwemaeka kubva pamamirioni 17 mahekita kusvika pamamirioni 22 miriyoni Sekureva kwevaongorori, kumwe kukura mukugadzirwa kwembatatisi kuchabatsira kugadzirisa kusakwanisa kwezvirimwa kuzadzisa zvizere zvinovaka muviri zvevanhu, tichifunga nezvezvinangwa zvekuchengetedza chikafu chenyika.
Iyo agronomic bhenefiti yemapatatisi, kusanganisira kushivirira kwechando, kushivirira kusanaya kwemvura, kugadzikana kwenzvimbo uye goho repamusoro, inogona kuchengetedza zviwanikwa uye kubvisa kubva kune inodhura zviyo kugadzirwa
Mbatatisi sechinhu mukusimudzira kwenzvimbo dzakashata
Chimwe chikonzero chekuwedzera mukugadzirwa kwembatatisi imhedzisiro yekuyedza kuyedza kudzikisa hurombo.
MuChina, nzvimbo dzine hurombo dzinonyanya kuve munzvimbo dzine makomo, uko mamiriro ekunze ari makukutu uye nekushaikwa kwezvivakwa zvekufambisa. Kurima mbatatisi kunobatsira kupa vanhu macalorie ane hutano avanoda.
Pakazara, inopfuura 70% yenzvimbo dzese dzekudyara mbatatari dzinogoverwa munzvimbo dzakashata muChina.
Mumakore gumi apfuura, hurumende yakanangana nekuedza kupedza hurombo, kunyanya nekuvandudza indasitiri yematapiri mumatunhu aya. Izvi hazvifanirwe kungopa chikafu kuvagari, asi zvakare zvinopa mikana yekuwedzera mari yemapurazi madiki emhuri munzvimbo dzine urombo, uko kurima mbatatisi kunobatsira kupfuura mupunga, gorosi, soya kana chibage.
Hutano uye hunovaka muviri
Sekureva kwemasayendisiti, mbatatisi dzinopa makabhohaidhiretsi akaomarara kusangana nezvinodiwa nesimba uye zvine huwandu hwakawanda hwevhitamini, zvicherwa uye phytonutrients. Iyi nziyo inozivikanwa kwazvo nevatengi veChinese, pakati pavo chikafu chine hutano chiri mufashoni.
Sezvo mari inowanikwa muChina, vanhu vazhinji uye vakawedzera kufarira hukama pakati pehutano uye hutano.
Semuenzaniso, parizvino, iyo PRC inoona zviri pamutemo kukosha kwehutano hwezvirimwa zvakasiyana zvezviyo, zvinosanganisira buckwheat, bhinzi, uye mhunga. Musoro wekudya zvine hutano unogara uchifukidzwa mupepanhau, uye nekuda kweInternet, ruzivo rwacho rwuri kuwedzera kufukidzwa.
Mapepa ezvikafu zveChinese nemapatatisi anosiyana neiya anowanzo gamuchirwa muEurope neUnited States, uko mbatatisi dzinowanzo bikwa mu butter kana kudyiwa nenyama yakakangwa, iyo inosiyana neye Chinese yekushandisa pateni. Mbatatisi-yakakangwa mbatatisi haidyiwe kuChina.
Izvo China zvinoda kuenderera mberi kugadzira indasitiri yetapatata
Kukamurwa kwekugadzirwa kwembatatisi kuChina ndechekuti kune mashoma chete marudzi akaganhurirwa, nepo zvimwe zvichidikanwa pakugadzira kwakaringana kwenzvimbo.
Nekudaro, kumwe kuyedza kuri kudiwa kuti ushandise zviwanikwa zvejemplasm kuti uwane mhando nyowani dzePRC.
Hutachiwana husina hutachiwana hwembatatisi nderimwe dambudziko sezvo dzichidhura kuChina. Nyanzvi dzinotenda kuti pane chikonzero chekuvandudza kugadzirwa kwembeu dzakagadziriswa, dzekutanga uye dzekutengesa, kusanganisira kuunzwa kwenzvimbo dzakakodzera dzekuona hutachiona uye kutonga kwehunhu.
Chekupedzisira, kuvandudzwa kweChinese mbatatiri yekugadzirisa indasitiri inodiwa. Parizvino, mapurosesa emuno anoverengera chete 5-10% yezvigadzirwa zvembatatisi, nepo muUnited States zvinopfuura makumi manomwe kubva muzana zvezvirimwa zvembatatisi zvinoshandiswa.
Kakawanda kutsvagisa nekusimudzira kwezvivakwa kunodiwa kutakura nekuchengetedza mbatatisi, izvo zvisiri nyore kuchengeta kana kutakura, muchidimbu nekuda kwemvura yadzo yakawanda. Mbatatisi nyowani dzinomera zviri nyore uye dzinogona kudzikira kana dzichiendeswa pamusoro penzvimbo refu. Paunotakurwa nechando kana muchimiro che starch, mutengo unowedzera zvakanyanya.
Nhoroondo, zvirevo zvehurumende zvekutsigira chikafu zvakanangana nemupunga, gorosi nezvimwe zviyo, asi kusvika padiki padiki pamatatata.
Mune ramangwana, iyo PRC hurumende inofanirwa kupa rutsigiro rwakafanana rwembatatisi sezvainoita kune zviyo.
(Kunobva: link.springer.com. Vanyori: Wang Su, Jian Wang).
Verenga zvakawanda: https://www.agroxxi.ru/stati/kartofelnyi-kitai-istorija-uspeha-kultury-v-otdelno-vzjatoi-strane.html