Nzvimbo: 25 679 sq. km
Vagari: 1 478 818 vanhu, vacho 75,45% vagari veguta.
Nzvimbo yenzvimbo: dunhu iri riri pakati peEast European Plain. Border: kumaodzanyemba uye kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva - nedunhu reLipetsk, kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero - nedunhu reOryol, kumadokero uye kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero - nedunhu reKaluga, kuchamhembe nekuchamhembe - kumabvazuva - nedunhu reMoscow, kumabvazuva - neRyazan ...
Mamiriro ekunze: zvine mwero kondinendi, inozivikanwa neanotonhora echando zvine mwero uye kudziya kwezhizha. Avhareji tembiricha yegore inotangira kubva pa4 kusvika +5 madhigirii. Ivhareji tembiricha muna Ndira inobva -9 kusvika -12 madhigirii, muna Chikunguru kubva +18 kusvika +22 degrees. Nguva yenguva ine tembiricha yakanaka mazuva 220-225. Kunaya mukati medunhu kunogoverwa zvisina kuenzana. Mazhinji acho ari kumatunhu ekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero (575 mm), iwo madiki - kumatunhu ekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva (470 mm). Chete chetatu chemvura zhinji mudunhu iri chakanyorwa mumwedzi yezhizha, kunyanya muna Chikunguru. Munguva isina chando, 70% yemvura yekunaya yegore negore inodonha. Pakazopera mwaka wechando ukobvu hwechando butiro hunosvika 0,3-0,7 m, ivhu rinotonhora kusvika pakadzika 0,6-0,9 m.
Runyararo: runyararo uye nerunyararo. Mhando yepamusoro yemaforamu mapani erwizi nemadziva emvura.
Ivhu: soddy-podzolic kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero, grey sango ivhu riri muchikamu chepakati, yakashatiswa uye yakasvetuka chernozems kumaodzanyemba.
Nzvimbo yenzvimbo yekurima: 1972,9 zviuru mahekita. Nyika inogoneka inogara zviuru gumi neshanu neshanu.
Ino haisi nguva yekutanga kuti zvaTula mudunhu iri mukubika mbatatisi dzive dzakafukidzwa mumagazini yedu, izvo hazvishamise: dunhu rave kutora sirivheri gore rechisere mumutsetse zvichienderana nekugadzira mbatatisi muRussia. Wepakati pagore kugadzirwa kwechirimwa ichi 2012 zviuru zvematani, avhareji yekushandiswa mbatatisi kurimwa kwemaindasitiri iri padanho remakumi matatu nemakumi matatu nemazana matatu ematani.
Ngatigarei pane zvakawanikwa makore matatu apfuura. Muna 2017, zviuru gumi nezvitanhatu hafu zvakapihwa nzvimbo dzekurima mbatatisi mudunhu. Goho rakakura kusvika pamakumi mashanu neshanu nemapfumbamwe ematani. Muna 16,2, iyo nzvimbo iri pasi pemapatata yakaramba yakadaro padanho rimwechete (518,8 zviuru mahekita). Asi mwaka wakasanduka kunge usiri unonyanya kunakisa mumamiriro ekunze: yakaoma kwazvo, pasingasviki chikamu chemari inotarisirwa yekudonha kwakawa. Mabhizimusi chete ane michina yekudiridza ndiwo aikwanisa kuwana goho rakanaka. Kukohwa zvakazara kwakaderera kusvika pamakumi mana nemakumi matanhatu nemapfumbamwe ematani.
Mwaka uno, nzvimbo yekudyara mbatatisi yakakura kusvika zviuru gumi nezvisere. Kubva muna Gumiguru 18,2, 31, mapurazi akakura uye epakati-svutugadzike aive awunganidza zviuru zvishanu zvemazana mashanu nemazana mashanu ezviuru.
Kudzokorora Kubudirira
Kugadziriswazve kwepasi, pamwe nekushandiswa kwetekinoroji dzazvino dzekurima uye nzira dzehunyanzvi, mhando dzinobereka zvikuru uye mahedhi, mafetiraiza anoshanda uye zvigadzirwa zvekudzivirira kwezvirimwa, inozivikanwa senzira yakakosha yekuita goho rakakura muNyika Isiri Nzvimbo diki (inosanganisira Dunhu reTula).
Zvinoenderana nenhamba, parizvino mudunhu reTula mune mahekita zviuru makumi maviri nezviuru zvepasi zvakagadziriswa, ayo mahekita zviuru makumi maviri nezvina ndezvekurima. Minda yekurima yemadiridziro inogara nzvimbo inosvika zviuru gumi nezvishanu kubva pahekita, yakadururwa - zviuru zviuru zvina. Kugutsikana kwenyika kugadziriswa kunoonekwa pa20,9 zviuru mahekita, isingagutsi
- nema6,4 zviuru mahekita. Kudzoreredza masisitimu epasi anodiridzwa anosanganisira: 728,30 km akavharwa uye 183,9 km ematanho ekudiridzira akavhurika, madziva - 32, zvimwe zvivakwa
- 97 zvikamu Kudzoreredza masisitimu enzvimbo dzakadonhedzwa anosanganisira: 122,7 km yevateresi uye drainage network uye 264,4 km yemvura yakavhurika migero, dzakasiyana mhando dzezvivakwa - 102 zvikamu.
Dunhu rine subprogram "Kubuditswazve kwekurimiswazve kwevhu rekurima mudunhu reTula panguva ye2014". Mabasa akakosha eiyo subprogram ndeayo: kudzivirira kusiiwa kwevhu rezvekurima kubva mukutenderera kwekurima uye kuwedzera huwandu hwekugadzirwa kwemhando huru dzekugadzirwa kwezvirimwa.
Muna 2019, dunhu reTula rakagamuchira zviuru mazana mashanu nemakumi mapfumbamwe nezvishanu emadhora kubva kubhajeti yemubatanidzwa sechimwe chirongwa che federal chinangwa chekusimudzira kudzoreredza kwepasi nezvekurima. Mari yemudunhu chirongwa ichi yakasvika zviuru makumi matatu nezvitatu nemazana mazana matanhatu nenomwe. Saka, mari yese yakasvika zviuru gumi nezvitatu nemakumi mapfumbamwe nemakumi manana emamiririri.
Mari idzi dzinoshandiswa kubhadhara mari kune vanoita zvigadzirwa zvekurima. Subsidies inopihwa basa rekuvaka, kuvakazve, zvekumisheni zvigadziriswiso zvemapurani ezvekushandisa zvakare uye zvinoshandiswa nemunhu oga uye zvakapatsanurwa ari hydraulic zvivakwa uye anogona kusvika 70% yemutengo wakazara unoratidzwa mumagadzirirwo ekugadzira (asi kwete zvakanyanyisa kuitika).
KUSIMBISA KUNYANYA KUFANIRA
Mhinduro yezvinetso kuwedzera nzvimbo dzakasimwa uye kuwedzera goho rezvirimwa zvakare hazviite pasina basa rakarongeka rekuwedzera kubereka kwevhu.
Nekutenda chirongwa chevhu deoxidation mudunhu iri, mumakore matatu apfuura, varimi vadzosa mahekita 135 ezvevhu rekurima risingashandisike mukutenderera. Saka, dunhu rakagamuchira rekodhi rakadyarwa munzvimbo mumakore gumi nemashanu.
Asi dambudziko richiripo. Sekureva kweCentre for Chemicalization uye Yezvekurima Radiology "Tulsky", padunhu renharaunda kubva muna Ndira 1, 2019, kubva pa731,80 zviuru mahekita evhu rakadzidzwa revhu rinorimwa nenzvimbo dzisina kurimwa, 600,80 zviuru mahekita ari acidic, anoda liming. Zvinotarisirwa kuisa zvicherwa uye manyowa mafotereza, kuita matanho makuru ekurwisa-mwaranzi anotarisana nekuisa ivhu rakawandisa nekuisa dosi dzefetiraiza.
Muna 2019, zviitiko zvinomisa zvinoitwa pane mamwe mazana matatu em mahekita epasi. Semuenzaniso, mudunhu reChernsky, basa rakakodzera rakarongedzwa neMiratorg-Orel (pane imwe nzvimbo inosvika 30 mahekita) uye Avangard-Agro-Tula (mahekita 2961).
Sarudzo uye SEEDING
Kurimwa kwembeu mbatatisi ndeimwe yenzvimbo dzakakosha dzebasa reTula Research Institute of Agriculture, bazi reNemchinovka Federal Research Center.
Gore rega rega, Dhipatimendi Rokutanga Mbeu Yekutsvagisa Institute of Agriculture rinoongorora 25-30 mhando dze mbatatisi neseti yehupfumi hunokosha, kusanganisira kupokana nebiotic uye abiotic kusagadzikana kwezvinhu. Iyo Sisitimu inosimudzira uye inogadzira mhodzi dzembatatisi dzakagadziriswa. Mwaka uno, vatengi vanogona kutenga mbatatisi yembeu yemhando Ungacha, Rosara, Lyubava, Kolobok, Krepysh, Red Scarlett, Bryansk delicacy, Ladoga, Golubizna, Lilac fog, Nakra, Kurazh, Zhigulevsky.
Zvakare mudunhu mune huwandu hwemapurazi akakosha anoshanda mukurima mbatatisi yembeu.
Imwe yemakuru ndeyeOOO Bogoroditskiy Alliance. Iyo inosvika makumi manomwe muzana yehuwandu hwehuwandu hwembeu mbatatari inogadzirwa muTula nyika. Gore rega rega, nyanzvi dzekambani dzinonyatso sarudza mhando dzakakosha kwazvo, dzinovimbisa dzakanakisa mhando dzekuberekesa dzekuEurope pakuberekesa. Mumwaka uno, kambani inopa mbeu yezvinhu zveDutch neGerman: Red Sonja, Nandina, Vineta, Koroleva Anna, Bellarosa, Evolution, Artemis, Picasso, Arizona, Damaris, Christel, Paroli.
Kweanopfuura makore makumi maviri, Yegorsha purazi rave riri kuita mukugadzirwa kwembeu mbatatisi. Iyo purazi inogadzira mbatatisi yembeu yemarudzi Meteor, Zhukovsky kutanga, Luck, Bullfinch, Red Scarlett, Ryabinushka, Aurora, Lugovsky, Blue.
Mukuwedzera, nyanzvi dzebhizimisi dzinoita basa rekubereka. Murimi wepurazi "Yegorsha" anotora chikamu muchirongwa "Kuvandudzwa kwekuzadza mbatatisi uye kugadzirwa kwembeu muRussian Federation" mukati mehurongwa hweFederal Scientific uye technical Chirongwa chekuvandudza Kwekurima kwe2017-2025. Dingindira repurojekiti yakaoma yesainzi nehunyanzvi ndeye "Kusika uye kugadzirwa kwembeu yemhando nyowani dzekuRussia dzemakwikwi embatatisi nekuda kwezvakasiyana." Chinangwa cheprojekti ndechekugadzira marudzi eRussia embatatisi ine huwandu hwekuwedzera kwehutano uye hunhu hunogona kusangana nevatengi vanodikanwa.
KUDZIDZISA
Tula Agricultural College yakatumidzwa zita reI.S. Efanov neBogoroditsky Agricultural College yakatumidzwa zita rekuti A.A. Stebut inodzidzisa nyanzvi dzepakati padunhu.
Iyo Tula Yekurima Koreji yakapihwa zita raIS Efanov yave ichizivikanwa kubvira 1875 (ipapo iyo nzvimbo yekudzidzisa yainzi "Tula Real Chikoro"). Iye zvino koreji iyi ine multidisciplinary, yakawanda-nhanho nyika yehunyanzvi institution yekudzidzisa.
Main Specialties: "Agronomy", "Agricultural mechanization", "Electrization uye otomatiki yezvekurima", "Tekinoroji yekugadzira uye kugadzirisa zvigadzirwa zvekurima", "Economics uye accounting mune zvekurima", "Operational zviitiko mu logistics", "Commerce ( neindasitiri) "," Mutemo uye hurongwa hwekuchengetedzwa kwevanhu "," Kushanda nekugadziriswa kwemuchina wekurima nezvimishini ", nezvimwe.
Chikoro chehunyanzvi ichi zvakare chinopa chepuraimari kudzidzira uye kudzidzira basa mumabasa mafesita (pasi pezvirongwa "Turakita-mutyairi-muchina wekushandira kurima kurima", "Master wezvekurima kurima"). Iyo koreji ine vadzidzi mazana masere nemakumi masere.
Iyo inyanzvi yehurumende inodzidzisa nzvimbo yedunhu reTula "Chikoro cheKurima" Bogoroditsky "rakatumidzwa zita shure kwa I.A. Stebut" rakavambwa muna 1898. Iyo koreji inoitisa kudzidziswa mune zvinotevera hunyanzvi: "Yekurima Mechanization", "Magetsi uye Kugadziriswa Kwekurima", "Kushanda uye Kugadziridza Kwekurima Machina uye Zvishandiso", "Kubatana kweNyika", "Veterinary Medicine", "Zootechnics".
Dzidzo yepamusoro mukurima inogona kuwanikwa kuTula State Pedagogical University. Leo Tolstoy. Yunivhesiti inokumbira ramangwana agrarians kuti vapinde muParutivi rweTekinoroji uye Bhizinesi, iyo nzira yekudzidziswa "Agricultural Engineering" (mbiri "technical Systems muAgribusiness").
KUSVIRA
Munharaunda yeTula, imwe yenzvimbo dzakakura maererano nekugadzirwa kwembatatisi muRussia, kutarisisa kukuru kunopihwa mukuvandudzwa kwenzira yekugadzirisa.
Kubva 2011, dunhu iri ranga richishanda chirimwa ichi kugadzira mbatatisiakesakes Maxim Gorky Plus. Munguva yekushanda kwayo, kambani yakapetwa kaviri kukwanisa kwayo kugadzira uye nhasi inotora chinzvimbo chinotungamira mune yayo niche munyika. Mwaka wega wega, chirimwa ichi chinogadzira anenge matani zviuru gumi nezvishanu ematani emapoto, zvigadzirwa zvinosangana nezvinodiwa zvehurongwa hwezvitupa zvepasi rese FSSC 15.
Zvinoenderana nemhedzisiro yemwaka wapfuura (2018-2019), kambani yakagadziridza matani anopfuura zana nemakumi zana nemakumi mashanu emapoto, ayo matani zviuru gumi nezviuru zvezvigadzirwa zvakapera. Mwedzi wega wega, chirimwa ichi chinogadzira matani zana ezvigadzirwa mumvura pasi pezita rayo rezita rekuti "Pyureshka".
Vatengi vekambani iyi muRussia ndivo vanogadzira chikafu chikuru: LLC Unilever Rus, LLC Nestle Russia, LLC TPK Biofood, LLC Doshirak Koya, LLC Ruskart nevamwe vazhinji. Anosvika makumi mana muzana ezvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa zvinounzwa kumwedzi kune imwe nyika.
Munguva pfupi iri kutevera, mugadziri mukuru wembatata mudunhu iri, purazi raManuk Avetisyan, anoronga kuvhura chirimwa chake chega kugadzirwa kwemazizi. Muna Chikumi 2019, kuXXMI St. Petersburg International Economic Forum, chibvumirano chinoenderana chakasainwa pakati peHurumende yeTula Dunhu pamwe nemumwe muzvinabhizinesi M.Zh. Avetisyan. Huwandu hwekudyara muchirongwa ichi huchaita kusvika pamabhirioni 1,5 mabhiriyoni.
Nekuti 2020, mudunhu inoronga kuvhura yakakwirira-tech chirimwa chekugadzirisa michero nemiriwo uye mbatatisi paMiratorg Agribusiness Holding. Iyo kambani, iyo inofungidzirwa huwandu hwayo ichave zviuru makumi matanhatu ematani matani pagore, ichashanda nezvinodiwa zvevatengesi uye zvekupfekedza zvivakwa. Investment ichaita anenge mabhiriyoni 45 rubles.
Iyo purojekiti yekugadzirwa kwemichero nemiriwo inozove chikamu chekubatanidzika chakabatanidzwa chekurima chakabata, kusanganisira kurima mbatatisi, karoti, hanyanisi negariki panzvimbo inopfuura zviuru zvitatu mahekita, pamwe nekuchengeterwa nekurongedzwa kwemiriwo yakagadziriswa.
GASTROFESTIVAL
Iko hakuna chiumbwe kune mbatata muTula ikozvino, asi izvi hazvireve kuti iyi tsika haina kuremekedzwa mudunhu. Hazvigone kuita pasina mbatatisi pakati pevhiki kana pazororo. Nekudaro, pazuva reGuta, iro rinopembererwa naTula pakupera kwevhiki kwaSeptember, kwemakore mazhinji mumutsara vaenzi vese vehoridhe vane chokwadi chekubatirwa kumidziyo mitsva yemaziroti.
Gore rino zvakare, pamutambo wegastro wakarongedzwa nezviremera zveguta, chinzvimbo chakatambiswa, hongu, nembatatisi - yakakangwa, yakabikwa nekirimu, mukuzadza mapayi uye mapasta - anonaka kwazvo - zvakare nekuti ivo vakakurira muminda yemuno.