2019 raive gore rakasanganiswa revarimi vembatatisi. Mwaka uno, vagadziri vazhinji vakasarudza kutanga kurima mbatatisi kuti igadziriswe, uye izvi zvinounza matambudziko matsva kuvarimi uye maagronomist uye zvinosanganisira kumwe kusimudzira kwemusika. Panguva imwecheteyo, shanduko nyowani muhurongwa hwehurumende, sekureva kwenyanzvi, dzinoisa kusimudzira kweindasitiri mumubvunzo.
Vanyoreri vemagazini "Zvekurima mainjiniya uye tekinoroji".
Muna 2018, mubatanidzwa mukuru wekudyidzana wakavhurwa mudunhu reLipetsk.Belaya Dacha»Uye Gwayana Weston / Meijer (mutungamiri wenyika mune zvigadzirwa zvembatatisi) - chiFrench fries chirimwa. Iyo bhizinesi haisati yasvika kuzere kwakakwana, asi, sekureva kwevaongorori vemusika, huwandu hwekupinza maFrench mafrizi kuRussia hwatodzikira. Uye zvakare, Lipetsk fries inogadzirwawo kune dzimwe nyika kuIsrael, Europe uye nyika dzeAfrica.
Russian machipisi nemaFrench mafirizi
"Tinotarisira kuti muhafu yepiri ye2019 chirimwa chakafanana mudunhu reMoscow chicha shanda zvizere - kambani"Agrico"- ine simba rekugadzirisa rinosvika zviuru makumi manomwe zvematani ekugadzirwa," anodaro director director wePotato Union Aleksey Krasilnikov. - Vatengesi veRussia vanewo zvirongwa zvechinhu chakakomba chekugadzirisa zvishoma muTyumen pahwaro hweAgrofirm "CRiMM”Nenhare inosvika zviuru makumi matatu zvematani ekugadzira mbatatisi nemiriwo. "Hatisati taona mamwe mapurojekiti makuru padanho rino, kunyangwe muna 30 zvakarongwa kutanga kuvaka bazi remuchina wekugadzira machips mudunhu reSiberia, asi ichi chichiri chirongwa chete."
Nekukura mukugadzirwa kwemapatatisi epamba, ayo anogadzirirwa mabhizinesi ezvekukurumidza kudya, zvine musoro kutora fungidziro mukufarira kwevagadziri mumarudzi matsva akagadzirirwa zvakanangana nezvinangwa izvi. Panguva ino, zvinosuwisa, vagadziri veRussia, kunyangwe ivo vachirima mbatatisi yakadaro vega, vari kushanda nesarudzo yekune dzimwe nyika - hapana mhando dzechipfuwo dzakakodzera kugadzirwa kwemachipisi kana mafrimu eFrance.
"Tichine tarisiro shoma munzira yekuuchika mhando dzemaputi uye machipisi embatatisi, kunyangwe zvingangodaro zviripo," anodaro Aleksey Krasilnikov, "nekuti kune chirongwa chekuyedza kusimudzira kuberekesa mbatatisi uye kugadzirwa kwembeu, izvo zvingangosvika gumi nerimwe zvakapihwa kubva mubhajeti yemubatanidzwa chete. RUB bln Dzimwe dzemari idzi dzakatounzwa kune vanoita. Chirongwa ichi chine vanhu vanosvika makumi maviri nevana. Sekureva kwechirongwa ichi, zvinofungidzirwa kuti kusvika muna 11 vafudzi veRussia vanenge vaita mhando gumi nembiri dzekusarudzika mudzimba, idzo dzisiri pasi pehunhu kune mamwe marudzi esarudzo dzekunze. Uye kunyangwe isu takasimbirira kuti mhando dzekugadziriswa kwemaindasitiri dzive dzakaparadzaniswa zvakasiyana mukati mechimiro cheaya maratidziro, zvinosuwisa, ivo havana kutinzwa. Naizvozvo, isu tinogona kungofungidzira izvo vafudzi vedu vachazopa panosvika 24 ”.
Nhasi kusarudzwa kunoitwa munzira yakatarwa nemutengi wekupedzisira wechigadzirwa, anodaro Anna Khrabrova, maneja wezvekutengeserana wekambani. HZPC Sadokas (kubereka mbatatisi uye kugadzirwa kwembeu). “Musika wembatatisi wakakamurwa: semuenzaniso, kune mhando dzakasiyana dzakanangana nekuwachisa, uye dzakasiyana kuti dzigadziriswe, uyezve kune nzira dzinoverengeka pano, dzinosanganisira mafrimu eFrance, mbatatisi dzemachipisi nembatatisi yekuwana starch yemhando yepamusoro. Saizvozvowo, mhando dzakasiyana pamusika wechinyakare. Chimwe nechimwe chezvikamu izvi mukati maro zvakare chakakamurwa kuita zvikamu. Nekudaro, tichifunga nezve zvishuwo zvemutengi wekupedzisira wechigadzirwa, zvinoenderana nehunhu uye zvido, kusarudzwa kunoitika. " Semuenzaniso, kune maFrench mafriji, marudzi ane akacheneruka yero yenyama yeruvara, yakareba tuber chimiro uye yakagadzikana zvemukati yeshuga yakadzikiswa panguva yese yekuchengetedza inodiwa, nyanzvi inowedzera.
Pakukumbira kwemutengi
Nhasi, mutengi haateerere chete kuravira, asiwo chitarisiko chembatatisi, sezvo chigadzirwa chiri pamashefu "chakasarudzwa nemaziso," anodaro Anna Khrabrova. Saizvozvo, vafudzi vakatarisana nerimwe basa rekuwedzera - kuti chigadzirwa chionekwe chinokwezva. “Mhando dzakasiyana dzakaberekerwa makore makumi maviri neshanu apfuura, muzviitiko zvakawanda, dzine maziso akadzama, uye kupenya kwemavara kuri kunze kwemubvunzo. "Nhasi, chakakosha kwazvo kudiwa kunoonekwa kwechigadzirwa," anodaro nyanzvi. - Uye chechipiri chinodiwa, chinodikanwa nemugadziri, ndiwo mutero wakakomba. Nekudaro, kune vedu vatengi-vagadziri vemberi tafura mbatatisi, chakanyanya kukosha chiratidzo chakakura goho panguva yekutanga kuibva. Aya ma parameter (chitarisiko, goho, nguva yekuibva) ichave iripo mumhando dzakasiyana chete kana muberekeri achitanga kutarisisa pavari, achisarudza mafomu evabereki aine marongero anodiwa ekutanga. Handingataure kuti musika wembatatisi unochengetedza, asi kuti musika wemhando dzeanalogog. "Varimi vanoda uye vakagadzirira kushanda nemhando itsva, asi vanoda mhando nyowani kuti ive mhando yemhando yakasimudzirwa." Mapurazi epamberi anoshandisa tekinoroji yakasimba vari kuyedza nesimba ravo rose kudzikisa mutengo wechigadzirwa pasina kurasikirwa nehunhu. Izvi zvinogona kuwanikwa nekuwedzera goho rakakura rechigadzirwa chakajairwa. Izvo zvinomera zvakasimwa munguva yakapfuura zvine akasiyana mamaki. Semuenzaniso, ivo vaive vakanyanya kutarisana nekuvapo kwekushomeka kwezvirwere, nekuti panguva yekusikwa kwavo pakanga pasati paine yakasimba sisitimu yekudzivirira yemiti senge iyezvino, maneja wezvekutengesa anotora pfungwa. HZPC Sadokas.
Tekinoroji kiyi
Mhando imwe neimwe inoda kutevedzwa neimwe tekinoroji yekugadzira. "Semuenzaniso, kune mhando yematapiri mumutsara wezvigadzirwa zvedu, unova mumwe wevatungamiriri mukutengesa nhasi," anodaro Anna Khrabrova. - Zvino musika anoziva nezvehunhu hwake, uye anozvitengesa, asi haana kudaro kamwechete. Rimwe basa rakaitwa nevarimi. Kune vazhinji, yaive nyowani kune zvaidikanwa kuti izvi zvakasiyana-siyana zvinofanirwa kudyarwa 2 cm zvakadzama kupfuura zvakajairwa tekinoroji. "Uye masendimita aya anopa tuber imwe nzvimbo yekuumbwa kwemastolon, izvo zvinovatendera kuti vaone kugona kwavo kusvika pakakwirira." Mumwe muenzaniso ndewemhando ine apical kutonga (kuvandudza kweapical tuber bud, iyo inokura nekukurumidza uye inononoka kudzika kwekukura kwemashure mabhureki), nyanzvi inoenderera. Iko kune mashoma marudzi akadaro, asi iwo aripo, uye pakati pawo pane mhando dzinozivikanwa kwazvo. Chinhu chakadai chemunhu akasiyana siyana chinofanirwa kutariswa kuti asarudze tekinoroji chaiyo yekugadzirira kwekudyara zvinhu. Izvo zvinokurudzirwa kubvarura iyo apical bukira mune inokodzera nzira, iyo inogonesa iyo lateral buds kumutsa. Kana isu tichifungidzira kuti rimwe dzinde rinogadzira matatu machubhu, saka masvomhu eichi chiitiko chiri pachena. Panzvimbo peimwe apical hunde, chirimwa chinoumba 3-3 nhungirwa, imwe neimwe ichiisa matatu machubhu. Kuziva nuances yekurima zvakasiyana siyana kunounza pachena hupfumi.
Varimi vembatatisi veVologda Oblast vanozvionera vega kuti tekinoroji yekurima chaiyo inokwanisa sei kusimudzira bhizinesi rekurima chaizvo kubva kumatongo. Paive pano, pane saiti yebhizimusi rakakura rezvekurima rakadonha mumakore makumi mapfumbamwe, kuti mapurazi emazuva ano akarima mbatatisi akagadzirwa.
"Nyanzvi dzeFinland dzakaitisa misangano yekurima mbatatisi," anoyeuka kudaro Vasily Solovyov, mukuru wepurazi (Vologda Oblast), "iyo yakakokwa neDistrict Administration. Vakataura nezve chaiyo yekurima uye mbatatisi yekurima tekinoroji. Zvino pakanga paine chiratidzo. Ikozve kwaive nezvitoro izvo zvaunogona kutarisa kuti uwane zvekutarisa pazviri. Izvi zvisati zvaitika, taive nekuchengetera mumirwi. Takaratidzwa maitiro ekugadzirisa maitiro ekugadzira, nyanzvi yeFinland yakauya kupurazi uye yakanyatsogadzirisa maitiro ekurima mbatatisi kwemakore mashoma ekutanga ebasa redu. Maitiro akaverengerwa, akadzidziswa kuronga zvigadzirwa. Ndichishandisa mafomula ndakaverenga kuti goho rekuwedzera richava chii. Zvakandishamisa ipapo. Push yacho yanga yakasimba chaizvo. Ndiwo matangiro azvakaita. "
Iye zvino Vasily Solovyov anonyanya kugadzirisa kurimwa kwembeu mbatatisi yezvakakwira zvigadzirwa, kutanga ne mini-tubers uye kupedzisa neyekutanga kubereka. Mbeu yekudyara mbatatisi inovhara anopfuura mahekita zana nemakumi mashanu. "Vashandi vatanhatu vechigarire vanoita basa iri," anodaro murimi. "Ndiko kuti, zvinoitika kuti vashoma chete vanhu vanoshandisa tekinoroji yazvino kuburitsa anopfuura zviuru zvishanu zvematani matapiri." Mbeu mbatatisi dzinotengeswa kumatunhu mazhinji eRussia - kubva kudunhu reVologda kuenda kuAstrakhan. Pakazara, purazi rinorima anopfuura gumi nemashanu marudzi embatatisi, musoro wepurazi unogovana. Ipurazi iri chikamu chechimiro chekutanga kugadzirwa kwembeu muVologda Oblast; kutengeswa kwembeu dzekuberekesa kwakanyanya ndiko kunobva mari yayo.
Mamwe mapurazi akati wandei ari kuita kurimwa kwembeu mbatatisi dzekubereka zvakanyanya mune raimbove bhizinesi rekurima. Ivo vese vari chikamu cheUstyuzhensky Potato mushandirapamwe, sachigaro waVasily Solovyov.
Yisina kupera chiyero
Zvichakadaro, pamwe nekunze kwekunze kwemamiriro acho nekusimudzirwa kwemusika wembatatisi nekumutsiridzwa kwekugadzirwa kwembeu dzekumba, nyanzvi dzinoongorora mitemo mitsva yakamisikidzwa munzvimbo ino isinganzwisisike. Musi waNdira 1, 2018, iyo nyowani GOST 33996-2016 yembeu yekuberekesa mbatatisi yakatanga kushanda, iyo inopa zororo mumunda wezvirwere zvembatatisi uye zvishoma zvinobatsira mukupararira kwavo muRussia.
"Mapato makuru akadyarwa nevarimi ndeevakuru (ES) uye zvekubereka (RP), kunyanya zvigadzirwa zvekutanga kana zviviri, izvo zvinodikanwa zvishoma" zvakapfava "zvinoenderana neGOST nyowani," anotsanangura Alexander Hutti, mukuru webazi Zvirwere zveMbatatisi Rabhoritari yeMiti Inodzivirira kune Chirwere VIZR. Anotarisa kuti zvikamu izvi (ES, RP1 uye RP2) zviri kutungamira zvese maererano nenzvimbo yekudyara uye mukutenga kwembeu mbatatisi, kunyanya kubva kunze kwenyika. Iyo yekupedzisira inonyanya kukosha, sezvo "kuchena" kwembeu inotengwa kunze kwenyika uye kusavapo kwezvose zviri zviviri zvekuisa kwega uye zvisina-kuvharira hutachiona chinhu chakakosha mukukura kwembatatisi uye kiyi yekurima kwakabudirira uye goho repamusoro rembatatisi, nyanzvi inogutsikana.
Pfungwa yakakosha: mbatatisi ndiyo chete chirimwa icho chinoburitsa kurasikirwa kubva kuzvirwere zvefungus zvinogona kusvika kusvika hafu yezvazvinogona, kunyangwe nekushandisa zvirongwa zvekudzivirira, anoenderera mberi Alexander Hutti. Zvakare, goho rinoguma rinenge nguva dzose richive "rakachena" kana nekuratidzira kuderera kwezvimwe zvirwere. Uyezve, iyo GOST nyowani haina hanya chikamu chekutanga kwehutachiona nzira, inonzi kana inotsanangurwa se "latent" fomu. Njodzi yeiyo "latent" fomu iri pachena kubva pazita: mukushayikwa kwezviratidzo zvinoonekwa zvechikonzero chechirwere, iyo yakakanganiswa mbatatisi yembeu i "bhomba rinotapukira" rekuita kunonoka, izvo mune ramangwana zvichazotungamira kuunganidzwa kwehutachiona uye kurasikirwa kwegoho kune imwe nhanho kana imwe, nyanzvi inonyevera.
Sekureva kwevamiriri vePotato Union, kusanzwisisika kwakawanda nhasi kunoitika nekuda kwekuti iyo nyowani GOST haina kukakavara - yakagadzirirwa nharaunda yese yenyika dzeEurasian Economic Union. “Gore rino, All-Russian Research Institute yePotato Kurima yakatumidzwa zita A. L. Lorkha, aive mumwe wevanogadzira GOST, akazivisa kuti anotarisira kugadzirisa GOST yenyika yembeu mbatatisi, anodaro Aleksey Krasilnikov. - Nenzira, chiyero ichi chakakurukurwa zvakanyanya, uye isu takasvikira kugamuchirwa kwazvo. Ehe, isu takamanikidzwa kusaomesa izvo zvinodikanwa padanho rechirwere, nekuti zvikasadaro, mazhinji emakambani embeu aisazokwanisa kusangana nawo. Taizongosiiwa tisina mbeu mbatatisi. Kureva, zvaigona kunge zviripo, asi zvingadai zvisina kuzadzikisa zvaidiwa, ”akadaro muchidimbu.
Alexander Hutti, Musoro wePatato Diseases Sector, Laboratory of Plant Disease Immunity, VIZR “Mumakore gumi apfuura, kunyanya makore mashoma apfuura, zviratidzo zvekuratidzwa kwehutachiona hwehutachiona hwembatatisi hwakachinja zvakanyanya. Semuenzaniso, iyo inokonzeresa mumiririri wechena dema (howa Rhizoctonia solani JG Kuhn) kana, sekudanwa kwazvinowanzoitwa, rhizoctonia iri kuramba ichiwanzoonekwa pamatopu muchimiro chemaronda akakomberedzwa ehukuru hwakasiyana, kubva kune imwe kusvika kune yakawanda, yakapararira zvine chisimba pamusoro penzvimbo yeiyo tuber. Maronda akadaro anogona nyore kuvhiringidzwa nekuratidzwa kwechirwere chakaipa chakadai segomarara. Kuwedzera kune chaiwo maronda akakomberedzwa, chirwere chinozviratidza pachacho necrosis, kutsemuka, sclerocial mesh, kuora kwemaziso nema lenticel, uye zvishoma uye zvishoma muchimiro chinozivikanwa che black sclerotia, nepo iyo GOST nyowani yakanangana nekungotarisa iyo yambotaurwa sclerotia, uye tuber haifanire kufukidzwa nawo. isingasviki gumi muzana yenzvimbo yakazara inogarwa. Zvikasadaro, nekukuvara kushoma, yakadaro tuber inoonekwa sehutano uye inogona kushandiswa kune zvinangwa zvembeu muboka rinoenderana rekubereka. Uye zvakare, zvinoshamisa kuti hapana ruzivo rwekuti saizi ye sclerotia inonyanya kukosha maererano nehutachiona uye kukuvara kunokonzerwa, sezvo iyo yakakura sclerotia, inotonyanya kukuvadza. Uye diki sclerotia inowanzo tungamira iyo saprophytic nzira yehupenyu isina kukuvadza kune tuber, uye semuenzaniso, kuvepo kweanoverengeka makuru sclerotia ndiyo inogona kutyisa: inokonzeresa kukuvadza kupfuura akawanda madiki.
Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti kune zvimwe zvefungal zvirwere, iyo nyowani GOST iri-yakatsigira, nekuti nekuda kwechimwe chikonzero chete chiratidzo chimwe chete chechiratidzo chechimwe chirwere chinotarisirwa. Semutemo, akati wandei marwisi ezvirwere zvembatatisi anowanikwa mukutapukira kwacho, nemusiyano chete wekuti chimwe chirwere ndicho chinokonzera chirwere ichi, uye zvimwe zvese zvakabatana mushure, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuongorora kana kutungamira mukusarongeka kwehutachiona nekuda kwezviratidzo zvisina kujeka. Panyaya iyi, kuzivikanwa kwepathogen imwechete pasina ongororo yakazara yeiyo pathogenic tata inogona kushanda mune ramangwana kusanganisa chikamu chekubereka. Zvinonakidza kuti muGOST nyowani, apo utachiona hwakawanda hunowanikwa pane tuber, imwe chete ndiyo inosarudzwa kubva pane zvakateedzana maererano nehurongwa hwakarongwa, uye zvimwe zvese hazvitarisirwe zvachose, izvo zvinoita kunge zvisinganzwisisike. Semuenzaniso, tinogona kutaura zvinokonzeresa anthracnose uye gumbo dema, phomosis, fusarium uye alternaria, izvo zvinogona kuitika pane tuber panguva imwechete uye zvinoshanda sechisizvo zvisiri izvo. "
Source: https://www.agroinvestor.ru