Ungaziva sei kana mhodzi yembatatisi isina chirwere?
Indasitiri yembeu yembatatisi yekuAmerica yakaoma kufamba. Nzvimbo imwe neimwe kana nyika ine mitemo yayo yezvitupa zvembeu, izvo zvinogadzira kusawirirana.
“Zvirongwa zvembatatisi zvinosiyana zvichienderana nemisika yavanoshandira. Kana nyika iine kugadzirwa kwakakura kwekutengesa, chinangwa [chayo] chikuru chingave chekupa mbeu kumapurazi avo ekutengesa, "anodaro Nina Zidak, Montana State University, Associate Research Purofesa, certifier yembeu yembatatisi.
Iko hakuna indasitiri yembatatisi yekutengeserana muMontana, saka chinotariswa chiri pambeu, akadaro Zidak.
Chinangwa chechirongwa chekupa zvitupa zvembesa mbatatisi hachisi chekupa mbeu dzisina zvirwere, asi kuona kuti mbeu idzi dzafambirana nemhando inotambirwa, vanodaro VaKasia Duellman vanove professor and seed potato specialist paUniversity of Idaho.
"Zvirongwa zvekupa zvitupa zvembeu zvinopa yakazvimiririra, yechitatu-bato ratidziro yemhando yembeu dzembatatisi," anodaro Alan Vestra weIdaho Crop Improvement Association, Southeast Region Maneja. Masangano ezvitupa anoona kuti chii chinotarisisa kunaka kwembatatisi. Izvi hazvireve kuti dare rezvitupa harigone kutaura kusavapo kwezvimwe zvirwere.
"Muzvirongwa zvakawanda, zviyero zvinoratidza zero kushivirira kune zvimwe zvirwere uye kushivirira kune vamwe," anodaro Duellman. "Zvimwe zvirwere hazvibvumirwe chete kubereka mbeu dzakakwirira kana kuzvizvarwa zvese zvakagadzirirwa kupihwa zvitupa."
Izvi zvinoreva kuti chero mijenya yembeu ine chirwere chakaonekwa haizobvumirwe, Duellman anodaro. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvisinei, kushivirira kunogona kuiswa. “Kana kushivirira kwakapfuura, kunaka kwembeu kunodzikiswa kana kurambwa,” vanodaro.
Certification inogonawo kusiyana nechizvarwa. Mbeu dzemhando yepamusoro (basic) dzinowanzotengeswa kune vamwe varimi vanodziparadzira kusvika gore dzisati dzabatsira varimi vekutengesa. Vanotenga zvizvarwa zvinotevera zvembeu dzembatatisi, kazhinji mazera matatu zvichikwira. Zviyero zvinogona kunge zvakakwirira kuchizvarwa chekare, sezvo chero matambudziko nembeu idzi anozongowanda sezvo inorimwa nevarimi vembeu uyezve nevarimi vekutengesa.
Iyo Yunivhesiti yeMontana Certification Chirongwa ine mukurumbira wakanaka. Izvi zvinogona kunge zviri kukonzerwa nekuti varimi vehurumende iyi vari kukoshesa kurima mbeu. “Tiri kutarisira kuburitsa mbeu dzinokwanisa kupihwa certificate yekugadzira mbatatisi kune dzimwe nyika,” anodaro Zidak.
Nekuti zvirongwa zvetifiketi zvinosiyana zvakanyanya, isu takanzwa akawanda mafungiro nezve izvo chirongwa chega chega chinofanira kusanganisira.
Vamiriri veYunivhesiti yeMontana vanoedza zvese zvakasimwa kudyara uye 1st chizvarwa che mosaic virus (PVY). Ivo zvakare vanoitisa bvunzo mushure mekukohwa, vachitumira sampuli kubva kuminda yevarimi vese kuHawaii kuti vakure mumwaka. Chikwata chinoongorora uye chotora shizha kubva pachirimwa chimwe nechimwe chobva chadzidzosera kurabhoritari. Mashizha anoongororwa mavhairasi matatu: PVY, hutachiona hwembatatisi X (PVX) uye hutachiona hwembatatisi A (PVA).
Iyo Wisconsin Mbeu yeMbatatisi Certification Chirongwa haitarise zvirimwa chete kaviri muzhizha uye mushure mekukohwa, asiwo nzvimbo dzekuchengetera nekutumira. Sekureva kwaRussell Groves, purofesa uye nyanzvi yekuwedzera paYunivhesiti yeWisconsin uye director wenguva pfupi weWisconsin Mbeu Mbatatisi Certification Chirongwa, sezvo kuvandudzwa kuri kuramba kuchiitwa, zvakakosha kuvandudza magwaro ekuongorora bvunzo dzekuonekwa kwepathogen uye maitiro ekudzikamisa kusanganiswa kwekurima.
Zvinyorwa zvakakoshawo. Hazvishamisi kuti mhodzi dziyambuka mitsara yenyika kwadzinoda kuti dzikwanise kuita chimwe chirongwa chekupihwa zvitupa. "Chimwe chikamu chechirongwa chakasimba chekupa zvitupa kubviswa kwezvirimwa zvine hutachiona," anodaro Brian A. Charlton, anove director weOregon State University's Klamath Basin Potato Department.
Zvakadaro, kupihwa zvitupa chete hakugone kutsiva hukama hwakasimba pakati pevanotengesa mbeu nevarimi. "Sekuona kwangu, kuvimba uye kutora chikamu kwakakosha pane kuyedza," anodaro Reagan Grabner, mutevedzeri wemutungamiri weCSS Farms, mugadziri wembeu mudunhu reWashington. "Murimi wembeu uye mutengesi wezvokutengeserana anofanira kuva neukama hwepedyo uye kubvumirana pane zvazvinoreva kuendesa chigadzirwa chepamusoro."