Kugadzirira kwekutanga kwembeu yekudyara kune simba rakakura pakukura uye kukura kwezvirimwa mumwaka wekukura, pakuramba kwavo kune zvakashata zvekunze zvinokanganisa. Pre-kudyara kudziyisa uye kumera kwe tubers kunowedzera kubuda kwembeu, kunosimudzira kukurumidza kukura uye kukura kwechirimwa. Nenguva yekukohwa, akadaro tubers ane peel yakaibva, iyo inoderedza zvakanyanya kukuvara kwavo.
Kugadzirira kwekutanga-kudyara kwe tubers kunosanganisira bulkhead, nzira dzakasiyana siyana dzekupisa uye kumera, kukurudzira marapirwo uye kupfeka nemishonga yekuuraya zvipuka.
Kana machubhu asina kuyerwa mushure mekukohwa mbatatisi mukudonha, izvi zvinoitwa usati wadyara. Kubva pane huwandu hwese hwembatatisi, hwakarwara uye hwakajeka husina mwero (diki shanduko inosvika 25 g uye hombe - anopfuura 80 g) tubers inofanira kubviswa. Kana uchigadzirisa, ma tubers anofanirwa kukamurwa kuita zvidimbu zve 30-50 g, 50-80 g. Chikamu chimwe nechimwe chinofanira kudyarwa zvakasiyana. Izvi zvinokutendera iwe kuverenga nemazvo kuwanda kwekudyara, kuona kufanana kwembeu.
Kupisa mweya kunoshamisa kunowedzera goho rembatatisi. Kumera, kana kuti vernalization, ye tubers inopa inokurumidza uye yunifomu nhungirwa, inowedzera huwandu hwemadzinde, inowedzera kukura nekusimudzira kwezvirimwa. Iyi nzira ndeyekukosha zvakanyanya kana uchirima yekutengesa uye mbeu mbatatisi.
Pamazuva anodziya, ma tubers anotorwa kunze kwekuchengetedza kana tembiricha mairi inowedzerwa. Kana iyo tubers isina kumera, tembiricha inomutswa kubva + 2-4 ° C kusvika + 15-20 ° C. Pangomuka kumuka kwavo, tembiricha yakadzikiswa kusvika + 10-6 ° C uye mwenje unovhenekerwa kuti uve nepfupi uye dzakasimba nhungirwa.
Kazhinji, tubers inokura mune imwechete filamentous inomera, isingadiwe zvakanyanya. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, kuwedzera huwandu hwemashizha akamera, nhungirwa imwechete inobviswa. Kana ipfupi yakawanda nhungirwa yakaonekwa pane iyo tubers, akadaro maTubers akagadzirira kudyara.
Kana kudyara kuchinonoka nekuda kwemamiriro ekunze, tembiricha yekuchengetedza yakadzikira. Mushure mekudziya, mbeu inorongedzwa, ichibvisa zvakakanganiswa tubers. Kuchenesa kunomutsa kuratidzwa kwehutachiona husingaoneki, zvirwere uye kunosimudzira kusarudzwa kwematombo ane hutano.
Kumera kunogona kuitwazve mumabhokisi asina kudzika, mesh uye mapurasitiki (135 x 28 cm muhukuru, mune maburi akagadzirwa pamwe nehurefu), yakawanda pasi pefirimu, kana mudzimba dzekuchengetera. Muchiitiko ichi, mamiriro akakosha anofanirwa kucherechedzwa: kumeso kunofanirwa kuve kwakaderera, uye mwenje unofanirwa kupatsanurwa; kana uchimera mukamuri mamiriro pane tembiricha ye + 15-20 ° C, ma tubers anofanirwa kuve akanyoroveswa nguva nenguva.
Izvo zvakakoshawo kuti nguva nenguva uzvishandure kuitira kuti zvese zvinomera zvakarovererwa zvisimbiswe uye zvisvike pachiedza. Chiedza chakamisikidzwa chinogona kuwanikwa nekuvhara mabhokisi, mapakeji kana murwi uine chero mwenje kana jena jena kana pepa. Paunenge uchiisa tubers munzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa kubva kuzuva rakananga, hapana chivharo chinodiwa. Kunyorova kwe tubers kunoitwa mushure memazuva mashanu kusvika matanhatu, uchimwaya iwo nemvura kana mhinduro isina kusimba ye pink potassium permanganate.
Izvo zvinoitika kuti nekugara kwenguva yakareba uye tembiricha yakakwira, ma tubers anorasikirwa ne turgor yavo uye vanoumba nhungirwa refu. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, hazvikurudzirwe kuti ubvise zvinomera; zvirinani kuyedza kumira netubers kwemazuva manomwe kusvika tembiricha pane tembiricha yakaderera.
Mukudyara kwekudya, mbatatisi yembeu inogona kutemwa, iyo inobvumidza kushandiswa kwetubers hombe uye kunoderedza kudyiwa kwembeu. Nekucheka, ma tubers anotangirwa kumera kuitira kuti iite 2-3 inomera pachidimbu chega chega uye nekudaro inoderedza kumera kwembeu. Chidimbu chinofanira kunge chiri 25-30 g.
Mushure mekucheka, mhodzi dzembeu dzinopihwa nemamiriro ekusimudzira kuumbwa kweiyo inodzivirira suberin yakatetepa pane yakatemwa nzvimbo (yakawedzera mwando wemhepo patembiricha ye15 ° C uye kutenderera kwayo kunoshanda). Nguva dzekucheka dzinoenderana nemamiriro evhu. Kana mamiriro acho akanaka (ivhu rakanyorova, kudziya kuri 10-18 ° C), cheka usati wadyara. Kurapa kwenzvimbo yakachekwa kunoitika muvhu. Kana ivhu rakaoma kana rakanyorova uye tembiricha iri pamusoro kana pasi, cheka mazuva mashanu kusvika masere usati wadyara.
Kuti kuwedzere kushorwa kwemiti kunonoka kunaya munguva yekumera, zvinokurudzirwa kurapa tubers kaviri ne0,02% mhinduro yemhangura sulphate: kekutanga - mazuva 7-10 mushure mekumera, yechipiri - mazuva manomwe usati wadyara.
Mhedzisiro yakanaka mukurwisa hutachiona inowanikwa nekubatanidzwa kwekumera pamwe nekudyara kusati kwadyarwa guruva remhodzi yembeu ine huni yehuni, iyo ine zvakawanda zvekuteedzera zvinhu zvakakosha mukukura kwezvirimwa uye kukura. Kupukuta madota pachiyero che1 kg yemadota pa50 kg yekudyara zvinhu zvinowedzera goho, starch yezvinhu uye inovandudza kuravira kwembatatisi.
Mukushayikwa kwemadota, machubhu anogona kusaswa nemusanganiswa we trace element (2 g yemhangura sulfate uye 10 g ye potassium permanganate pa 10 L yemvura) kana copper sulfate (2 g pa 10 L yemvura) uye boric acid (kusvika 10 g pa 10 L yemvura) usati wadyara. 100 litita emhinduro anodyiwa pa2 kg yezvirimwa.
Source: http://krassever.ru